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📁 基于AD公司的blackfin系列芯片的最小系统设计
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<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=770
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  <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:37.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:150%;
  word-break:break-all'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>基于<span
  lang=EN-US>ADSP-BF533</span>的最小系统设计<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'>
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  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:150%;
  word-break:break-all'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:
  150%'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
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  <td style='background:whitesmoke;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:150%;
  word-break:break-all'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>作者：赵博，闫…<span
  lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>文章来源：《现代电子技术》<span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>点击数：<span
  lang=EN-US><script language="JavaScript"  src="/Article/GetHits.asp?ArticleID=15607">
  </script>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>更新时间：<st1:chsdate IsROCDate="False"
  IsLunarDate="False" Day="23" Month="8" Year="2007" w:st="on"><span
   lang=EN-US>2007-8-23</span></st1:chsdate><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a
  href="javascript:d=document;t=d.selection?(d.selection.type!='None'?d.selection.createRange().text:''):(d.getSelection?d.getSelection():'');void(vivi=window.open('http://vivi.sina.com.cn/collect/icollect.php?pid=2008&amp;title='+escape(d.title)+'&amp;url='+escape(d.location.href)+'&amp;desc='+escape(t),'vivi','scrollbars=no,width=480,height=480,left=75,top=20,status=no,resizable=yes'));vivi.focus();"
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  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;word-break:break-all'><span
  style='font-size:9.0pt'>赵博，闫达远，张 栋，马思博，周 雅<span lang=EN-US>(</span>北京理工大学信息科学技术学院北京<span
  lang=EN-US> 100081)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;word-break:break-all'><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <div align=center>
  <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=675
   style='width:506.25pt;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
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    <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>l </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>引
    言<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    ADSP-BF533</span>处理器是<span lang=EN-US>Blackfin</span>系列产品的成员，专为满足当今嵌入式音频、视频和通信应用的计算要求和低功耗条件而设计的新型<span
    lang=EN-US>16</span>位嵌入式处理器。他基于由<span lang=EN-US>ADI</span>和<span
    lang=EN-US>Intel</span>公司联合开发的微信号架构<span lang=EN-US>(Micro
    SignalArchitecture,MSA)</span>，将一个<span lang=EN-US>32</span>位<span
    lang=EN-US>RISC</span>型指令集和双<span lang=EN-US>16</span>位乘法累加<span
    lang=EN-US>(MAC)</span>信号处理功能与通用型微控制器所具有的易用性组合在了一起。<span lang=EN-US>ADSP-BF533</span>处理器具有以下主要特点：<span
    lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    (1)</span>最大频率为<span lang=EN-US>600 MHz</span>，<span lang=EN-US>1 200 MMACs</span>；<span
    lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    (2)</span>每一个内核中带有<span lang=EN-US>2</span>个<span lang=EN-US>16</span>位的乘法器，<span
    lang=EN-US>2</span>个<span lang=EN-US>40</span>位的累加器，<span lang=EN-US>2</span>个<span
    lang=EN-US>40</span>位的逻辑运算单元，<span lang=EN-US>4</span>个位的视频运算单元和<span
    lang=EN-US>1</span>个<span lang=EN-US>40</span>位的移位器。在一个指令周期内可完成<span
    lang=EN-US>2</span>个<span lang=EN-US>16</span>位数的乘法，<span lang=EN-US>2</span>个<span
    lang=EN-US>40</span>位数的算术逻辑运算，<span lang=EN-US>4</span>个位的视频数据算术逻辑运算，<span
    lang=EN-US>1</span>个<span lang=EN-US>40</span>位的移位运算；<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    (3)</span>低功耗，采用<span lang=EN-US>1</span>．<span lang=EN-US>2 V</span>的内核电压和<span
    lang=EN-US>3</span>．<span lang=EN-US>3 V</span>的<span lang=EN-US>I/O</span>电压，片内集成调压器，并且具备动态电源管理；<span
    lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    (4)</span>高达<span lang=EN-US>148 kB</span>的片内存储器；<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    (5)</span>丰富的外设接口，支持与<span lang=EN-US>SDRAM</span>，<span lang=EN-US>SRAM</span>，<span
    lang=EN-US>FLASH</span>和<span lang=EN-US>ROM</span>的无缝连接；<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    (6)</span>片上<span lang=EN-US>JTAG</span>仿真接口。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>2</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>系统总体设计<span
    lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    </span>最小系统是由保证处理器可靠工作所必须的基本电路组成的<span lang=EN-US>,</span>主要包括电源电路、时钟电路、复位电路、<span
    lang=EN-US>SDRAM</span>、<span lang=EN-US>FLASH</span>存储器和<span lang=EN-US>JTAG</span>接口电路组成，其硬件框图如图<span
    lang=EN-US>1</span>所示。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=675
     style='width:506.25pt;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
      <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:
      150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'><img
      border=0 width=269 height=168 id="_x0000_i1038"
      src="http://www.61ic.com/Article/UploadFiles/200708/20070823093805211.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
      </td>
     </tr>
    </table>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>2</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>．<span
    lang=EN-US>1 </span>电源电路<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>BF-533</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:
    150%'>外部<span lang=EN-US>IO</span>供电电压为<span lang=EN-US>3</span>．<span
    lang=EN-US>3 V</span>，内核供电电压为<span lang=EN-US>1</span>．<span lang=EN-US>2 V</span>。因此，最小系统采用双电源输出方案，采用<span
    lang=EN-US>TPS73HD301</span>作为电源芯片，典型输入电压为<span lang=EN-US>+5 V</span>，输出电压为<span
    lang=EN-US>+3</span>．<span lang=EN-US>3 V</span>和<span lang=EN-US>+1</span>．<span
    lang=EN-US>2 V</span>，每个输出最大可提供<span lang=EN-US>750 mA</span>的电流。<span
    lang=EN-US>TPS73HD301</span>具有电压监控功能，以保证被供电芯片在一个恒压下正常工作。他为每一路电压输出提供一个复位输出口，当他检测到输出的电压为欠压状态时，与那个输出电压相对应的<span
    lang=EN-US>RESET</span>管脚将输出一个低电平，以启动系统复位。其电路如图<span lang=EN-US>2</span>所示。<span
    lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=675
     style='width:506.25pt;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
      <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:
      150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'><img
      border=0 width=270 height=179 id="_x0000_i1039"
      src="http://www.61ic.com/Article/UploadFiles/200708/20070823093806844.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
      </td>
     </tr>
    </table>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>2</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>．<span
    lang=EN-US>2 </span>时钟电路<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    BF-533</span>可以使用外部时钟，也可以使用内部振荡电路。当使用外部时钟时，应将此外部时钟连接到<span lang=EN-US>DSP</span>的<span
    lang=EN-US>CLKIN</span>引脚，且<span lang=EN-US>XTAL</span>引脚悬空。本系统采用的是内部振荡电路外接晶振的方式，晶振连接到<span
    lang=EN-US>CLKIN</span>和<span lang=EN-US>XTAL</span>之间，并与两个电容相连，如图<span
    lang=EN-US>3</span>所示。<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    2</span>．<span lang=EN-US>3 </span>复位电路<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    </span>手动复位是最小系统常用的功能，本系统采用专用复位芯片<span lang=EN-US>IMP811</span>实现手动复位，如图<span
    lang=EN-US>3</span>所示。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=675
     style='width:506.25pt;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
      <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:
      150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'><img
      border=0 width=264 height=139 id="_x0000_i1040"
      src="http://www.61ic.com/Article/UploadFiles/200708/20070823093807115.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
      </td>
     </tr>
    </table>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>2</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>．<span
    lang=EN-US>4 JTAG</span>接口电路<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    BF-533</span>提供了一个<span lang=EN-US>1EEE 11 49</span>．<span lang=EN-US>1
    JTAG</span>测试访问端口。通过此端口，仿真器能够访问<span lang=EN-US>DSP</span>的内部，允许开发者装载代码，设置断点，观察变量和寄存器。本系统采用<span
    lang=EN-US>14</span>针接口的标准，如图<span lang=EN-US>4</span>所示。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=675
     style='width:506.25pt;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
      <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:
      150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'><img
      border=0 width=210 height=185 id="_x0000_i1041"
      src="http://www.61ic.com/Article/UploadFiles/200708/20070823093807446.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
      </td>
     </tr>
    </table>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>2</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>．<span
    lang=EN-US>5 SDRAM<br>
    <br>
    SDRAM(</span>同步动态随机存储器<span lang=EN-US>)</span>具有随机读写速度快，写入数据之前不需要进行擦除的特点，在嵌入式系统中成为不可缺少的存储设备之一。本系统采用<span
    lang=EN-US>HY57V561620</span>，其容量为<span lang=EN-US>32 MB</span>，最高频率为<span
    lang=EN-US>133 MHz</span>。<span lang=EN-US>ADSP-BF533</span>支持与<span
    lang=EN-US>SDRAM</span>的无缝连接，<span lang=EN-US>SDRAM</span>的地址映射为<span
    lang=EN-US>OX00000000</span>～<span lang=EN-US>OX080000000</span>，其连接方法如图<span
    lang=EN-US>5</span>所示。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=675
     style='width:506.25pt;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
      <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:
      150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'><img
      border=0 width=229 height=202 id="_x0000_i1042"
      src="http://www.61ic.com/Article/UploadFiles/200708/20070823093807561.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
      </td>
     </tr>
    </table>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>对于<span
    lang=EN-US>SDRAM</span>可以采用以下程序进行测试： <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US
    style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'><img border=0 width=350
    height=360 id="_x0000_i1043"
    src="http://www.61ic.com/Article/UploadFiles/200708/20070823093807717.jpg"><br>
    </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>该程序将<span lang=EN-US>0x2000000</span>个数写入<span
    lang=EN-US>SDRAM</span>，在<span lang=EN-US>Visual DSP++</span>的<span
    lang=EN-US>BLACKFIN Memory</span>窗口可以观察到<span lang=EN-US>SDRAM</span>的数据写入情况，以验证写入是否正确。
    <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>2</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>．<span
    lang=EN-US>6 FLASH</span>存储器<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    ADSP-BF533</span>具有<span lang=EN-US>3</span>种引导模式，如表<span lang=EN-US>1</span>所示。当上电复位或者软件初始化复位后，处理器采样复位配置寄存器<span
    lang=EN-US>BMODE</span>引脚，执行引导功能。无论采取何种引导模式，都要从外部存储器设备首先读取一个<span
    lang=EN-US>10</span>个字节的头。这个头指定将被传输的字节数量和存储器的目的地址。多存储器模块可被任何引导次序装载，一但所有模块被装载，程序从<span
    lang=EN-US>L1</span>指令<span lang=EN-US>SRAM</span>的起始部分开始执行指令。<span
    lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=675
     style='width:506.25pt;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
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      <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:
      150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'><img
      border=0 width=292 height=176 id="_x0000_i1044"
      src="http://www.61ic.com/Article/UploadFiles/200708/20070823093807513.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
      </td>
     </tr>
    </table>
    <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>本系统采用<span lang=EN-US>NOR FLASH</span>作为引导代码存储器，选用容量为<span
    lang=EN-US>1 MB</span>的<span lang=EN-US>AM29LV800D</span>，将其接在<span
    lang=EN-US>BF-533</span>异步存储空间的<span lang=EN-US>BANK0</span>上，其地址范围为<span
    lang=EN-US>0x20000000</span>～<span lang=EN-US>0x20100000</span>，电路如图<span
    lang=EN-US>6</span>所示。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=675
     style='width:506.25pt;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
     <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;
      height:8.25pt'>
      <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:8.25pt'>
      <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:
      8.25pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><img border=0 width=229
      height=181 id="_x0000_i1045"
      src="http://www.61ic.com/Article/UploadFiles/200708/20070823093807168.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
      </td>
     </tr>
    </table>
    <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US
    style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>3</span><span style='font-size:
    9.0pt;line-height:150%'>系统设计注意事项<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    (1)</span>对于没有用到的<span lang=EN-US>DSP</span>引脚，应将其拉高、拉低，或者定义成输出端，例如如果<span
    lang=EN-US>nBR</span>，<span lang=EN-US>ARDY</span>引脚不用时应拉高，<span
    lang=EN-US>RTXI</span>，<span lang=EN-US>NMI</span>引脚不用时应拉低。<span
    lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    (2)</span>在电路板设计中，应在电源和地之间合理分布去耦电容，以滤除噪声，提高系统的稳定性。<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    (3)</span>尽量缩短高频信号的走线，时钟和负载的连线尽量短而粗，并且晶振下面不要走线。 <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
    line-height:150%'>4 </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>结
    语<span lang=EN-US><br>
    <br>
    </span>最小系统可以直接作为核心部件应用与工程和科研中，具有良好的通用性和可扩展性。在最小系统的基础上，可以很方便地进行二次开发和功能扩展，能够缩短开发周期，降低开发成本。本文实现了最小系统的基本功能，介绍了各模块的硬件电路，为<span
    lang=EN-US>DSP</span>应用技术的研究提供了一个良好的平台。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US
    style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
    </td>
   </tr>
   <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'>
    <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
    <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US
    style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    </td>
   </tr>
   <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
    <td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
    <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:150%'><span
    style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%'>本文摘自《现代电子技术》<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
    </td>
   </tr>
  </table>
  </div>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;word-break:break-all'><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

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