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<pre>
  <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> insert( <a href=
"iterators.html">iterator</a> i, const char &amp;ch );
  basic_string &amp;insert( size_type index, const basic_string &amp;str );
  basic_string &amp;insert( size_type index, const char *str );
  basic_string &amp;insert( size_type index1, const basic_string &amp;str, size_type index2, size_type num );
  basic_string &amp;insert( size_type index, const char *str, size_type num );
  basic_string &amp;insert( size_type index, size_type num, char ch );
  void insert( <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> i, size_type num, const char &amp;ch );
  void insert( <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> i, <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> start, <a href=
"iterators.html">iterator</a> end );
</pre>
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    <p>The very multi-purpose insert() function either:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>inserts <i>ch</i> before the character denoted by <i>i</i>,</li>
      <li>inserts <i>str</i> into the current string, at location <i>index</i>,</li>
      <li>inserts a substring of <i>str</i> (starting at <i>index2</i> and <i>num</i> characters long) into
      the current string, at location <i>index1</i>,</li>
      <li>inserts <i>num</i> characters of <i>str</i> into the current string, at location <i>index</i>,</li>
      <li>inserts <i>num</i> copies of <i>ch</i> into the current string, at location <i>index</i>,</li>
      <li>inserts <i>num</i> copies of <i>ch</i> into the current string, before the character denoted by
      <i>i</i>,</li>
      <li>or inserts the characters denoted by <i>start</i> and <i>end</i> into the current string, before
      the character specified by <i>i</i>.</li>
    </ul>
    <br>
    <br>
     <i>Related topics:</i><br>
    <strong><a href="#replace">replace()</a></strong> 
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="length">length</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
    <table bgcolor="#ccccff">
      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  size_type length();
</pre>
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    <p>The function length() returns the length of the current string. This number should be the same as the
    one returned from <a href="#size">size()</a>.</p>
    <i>Related topics:</i><br>
    <strong><a href="#size">size()</a></strong> 
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="max_size">max_size</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
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      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  size_type max_size();
</pre>
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    </table>
    <p>The max_size() function returns the maximum number of characters that the string can hold.</p>
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="rbegin">rbegin</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
    <table bgcolor="#ccccff">
      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  const <a href="iterators.html">reverse_iterator</a> rbegin();
</pre>
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    </table>
    <p>The function rbegin() returns a reverse <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> to the end of the
    current string.</p>
    <i>Related topics:</i><br>
    <strong><a href="#rend">rend()</a></strong> 
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="rend">rend</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
    <table bgcolor="#ccccff">
      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  const <a href="iterators.html">reverse_iterator</a> rend();
</pre>
        </td>
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    </table>
    <p>The rend() function returns a reverse <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> to the start of the
    current string.</p>
    <i>Related topics:</i><br>
    <strong><a href="#rbegin">rbegin()</a></strong> 
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="replace">replace</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
    <table bgcolor="#ccccff">
      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  basic_string &amp;replace( size_type index, size_type num, const basic_string &amp;str );
  basic_string &amp;replace( size_type index1, size_type num1, const basic_string &amp;str, size_type index2,
  size_type num2 );
  basic_string &amp;replace( size_type index, size_type num, const char *str );
  basic_string &amp;replace( size_type index, size_type num1, const char *str, size_type num2 );
  basic_string &amp;replace( size_type index, size_type num1, size_type num2, char ch );
  basic_string &amp;replace( <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> start, <a href=
"iterators.html">iterator</a> end, const basic_string &amp;str );
  basic_string &amp;replace( <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> start, <a href=
"iterators.html">iterator</a> end, const char *str );
  basic_string &amp;replace( <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> start, <a href=
"iterators.html">iterator</a> end, const char *str, size_type num );
  basic_string &amp;replace( <a href="iterators.html">iterator</a> start, <a href=
"iterators.html">iterator</a> end, size_type num, char ch );
</pre>
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    <p>The function replace() either:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>replaces characters of the current string with up to <i>num</i> characters from <i>str</i>,
      beginning at <i>index</i>,</li>
      <li>replaces up to <i>num1</i> characters of the current string (starting at <i>index1</i>) with up to
      <i>num2</i> characters from <i>str</i> beginning at <i>index2</i>,</li>
      <li>replaces up to <i>num</i> characters of the current string with characters from <i>str</i>,
      beginning at <i>index</i> in <i>str</i>,</li>
      <li>replaces up to <i>num1</i> characters in the current string (beginning at <i>index1</i>) with
      <i>num2</i> characters from <i>str</i> beginning at <i>index2</i>,</li>
      <li>replaces up to <i>num1</i> characters in the current string (beginning at <i>index</i>) with
      <i>num2</i> copies of <i>ch</i>,</li>
      <li>replaces the characters in the current string from <i>start</i> to <i>end</i> with <i>str</i>,</li>
      <li>replaces characters in the current string from <i>start</i> to <i>end</i> with <i>num</i>
      characters from <i>str</i>,</li>
      <li>or replaces the characters in the current string from <i>start</i> to <i>end</i> with <i>num</i>
      copies of <i>ch</i>.</li>
    </ul>
    For example, the following code displays the string "They say he carved it himself...find your soul-mate,
    Homer." 
<pre>
    string s = "They say he carved it himself...from a BIGGER spoon";
    string s2 = "find your soul-mate, Homer.";
    s.replace( 32, s2.length(), s2 );
    cout &lt;&lt; s &lt;&lt; endl;
 
</pre>
    <br>
    <br>
     <i>Related topics:</i><br>
    <strong><a href="#insert">insert()</a></strong> 
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="reserve">reserve</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
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      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  void reserve( size_type num );
</pre>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>The function reserve() sets the <a href="#capacity">capacity()</a> of the current string to at least
    <i>num</i>.</p>
    <i>Related topics:</i><br>
    <strong><a href="#capacity">capacity()</a></strong> 
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="resize">resize</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
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      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  void resize( size_type num );
  void resize( size_type num, char ch );
</pre>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>The resize() function changes the size of the current string to <i>num</i>, optionally padding any new
    space with copies of <i>ch</i>.</p>
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="rfind">rfind</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
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      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  size_type rfind( const basic_string &amp;str, size_type index );
  size_type rfind( const char *str, size_type index );
  size_type rfind( const char *str, size_type index, size_type num );
  size_type rfind( char ch, size_type index );
</pre>
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    </table>
    <p>The rfind() function either:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>returns the location of the first occurrence of <i>str</i> in the current string, doing a reverse search from
      <i>index</i>, <strong>string::npos</strong> if nothing is found,</li>
      <li>returns the location of the first occurrence of <i>str</i> in the current string, doing a reverse search from
      <i>index</i>, searching at most <i>num</i> characters, <strong>string::npos</strong> if nothing is
      found,</li>
      <li>or returns the location of the first occurrence of of <i>ch</i> in the current string, doing a recerse search from 
      <i>index</i>, <strong>string::npos</strong> if nothing is found.</li>
    </ul>
    For example, in the following code, the first call to rfind() returns <strong>string::npos</strong>,
    because the target word is not within the first 8 characters of the string. However, the second call
    returns 9, because the target word is within 20 characters of the beginning of the string. 
<pre>
    int loc;
    string s = "My cat's breath smells like cat food.";
    loc = s.rfind( "breath", 8 );
    cout &lt;&lt; "The word breath is at index " &lt;&lt; loc &lt;&lt; endl;
    loc = s.rfind( "breath", 20 );
    cout &lt;&lt; "The word breath is at index " &lt;&lt; loc &lt;&lt; endl;
 
</pre>
    <br>
    <br>
     <i>Related topics:</i><br>
    <strong><a href="#find">find()</a></strong> 
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="size">size</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
    <table bgcolor="#ccccff">
      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  size_type size();
</pre>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <p>The size() function returns the number of characters currently in the string.</p>
    <i>Related topics:</i><br>
    <strong><a href="#length">length()</a>, <a href="#max_size">max_size()</a></strong> 
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="substr">substr</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
    <table bgcolor="#ccccff">
      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  basic_string substr( size_type index, size_type num = npos );
</pre>
        </td>
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    </table>
    <p>The substr() function returns a substring of the current string, starting at <i>index</i>, and
    <i>num</i> characters long. If <i>num</i> is omitted, it will default to <strong>string::npos</strong>,
    and the substr() function will simply return the remainder of the string starting at <i>index</i>. For
    example:</p>
<pre>
    string s("What we have here is a failure to communicate");
    string sub = s.substr(21);
    cout &lt;&lt; "The original string is " &lt;&lt; s &lt;&lt; endl;
    cout &lt;&lt; "The substring is " &lt;&lt; sub &lt;&lt; endl;
</pre>
    <p>displays</p>
<pre>
    The original string is What we have here is a failure to communicate
    The substring is a failure to communicate
</pre>
    <hr>
    <h2><a name="swap">swap</a></h2>
    <i>Syntax:</i> 
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      <tr>
        <td>
<pre>
  void swap( basic_string &amp;str );
</pre>
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    </table>
    <p>The function swap() switches <i>str</i> with the current string. For example:</p>
<pre>
    string first( "This comes first" );
    string second( "And this is second" );
    first.swap( second );
    cout &lt;&lt; first &lt;&lt; endl;
    cout &lt;&lt; second &lt;&lt; endl;
</pre>
    <p>displays</p>
<pre>
    And this is second
    This comes first
</pre>
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