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<!-- Copyright (C) 2003 Red Hat, Inc.                                --><!-- This material may be distributed only subject to the terms      --><!-- and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0  --><!-- or later (the latest version is presently available at          --><!-- http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).                           --><!-- Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any       --><!-- standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless prior           --><!-- permission is obtained from the copyright holder.               --><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>byteorder</TITLE><meta name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="TRUE"><METANAME="GENERATOR"CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+"><LINKREL="HOME"TITLE="eCos Reference Manual"HREF="ecos-ref.html"><LINKREL="UP"TITLE="TCP/IP Library Reference"HREF="tcpip-library-reference.html"><LINKREL="PREVIOUS"TITLE="gethostname"HREF="net-common-tcpip-manpages-gethostname.html"><LINKREL="NEXT"TITLE="ethers"HREF="net-common-tcpip-manpages-ethers.html"></HEAD><BODYCLASS="SECT1"BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"LINK="#0000FF"VLINK="#840084"ALINK="#0000FF"><DIVCLASS="NAVHEADER"><TABLESUMMARY="Header navigation table"WIDTH="100%"BORDER="0"CELLPADDING="0"CELLSPACING="0"><TR><THCOLSPAN="3"ALIGN="center">eCos Reference Manual</TH></TR><TR><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="net-common-tcpip-manpages-gethostname.html"ACCESSKEY="P">Prev</A></TD><TDWIDTH="80%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="bottom">Chapter 38. TCP/IP Library Reference</TD><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="net-common-tcpip-manpages-ethers.html"ACCESSKEY="N">Next</A></TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="100%"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H1CLASS="SECT1"><ANAME="NET-COMMON-TCPIP-MANPAGES-BYTEORDER">byteorder</H1><TABLEBORDER="5"BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"WIDTH="70%"><TR><TD><PRECLASS="SCREEN">BYTEORDER(3)            System Library Functions Manual           BYTEORDER(3)NAME     htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs, htobe32, htobe16, betoh32, betoh16, htole32,     htole16, letoh32, letoh16, swap32, swap16 - convert values between dif-     ferent byte orderingsSYNOPSIS     #include &lt;sys/types.h&#62;     #include &lt;machine/endian.h&#62;     u_int32_t     htonl(u_int32_t host32);     u_int16_t     htons(u_int16_t host16);     u_int32_t     ntohl(u_int32_t net32);     u_int16_t     ntohs(u_int16_t net16);     u_int32_t     htobe32(u_int32_t host32);     u_int16_t     htobe16(u_int16_t host16);     u_int32_t     betoh32(u_int32_t big32);     u_int16_t     betoh16(u_int16_t big16);     u_int32_t     htole32(u_int32_t host32);     u_int16_t     htole16(u_int16_t host16);     u_int32_t     letoh32(u_int32_t little32);     u_int16_t     letoh16(u_int16_t little16);     u_int32_t     swap32(u_int32_t val32);     u_int16_t     swap16(u_int16_t val16);DESCRIPTION     These routines convert 16- and 32-bit quantities between different byte     orderings.  The ``swap'' functions reverse the byte ordering of the given     quantity, the others converts either from/to the native byte order used     by the host to/from either little- or big-endian (a.k.a network) order.     Apart from the swap functions, the names can be described by this form:     {src-order}to{dst-order}{size}.  Both {src-order} and {dst-order} can     take the following forms:           h    Host order.           n    Network order (big-endian).           be   Big-endian (most significant byte first).           le   Little-endian (least significant byte first).     One of the specified orderings must be `h'.  {size} will take these     forms:           l  Long (32-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').           s  Short (16-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').           16              16-bit.           32              32-bit.     The swap functions are of the form: swap{size}.     Names involving `n' convert quantities between network byte order and     host byte order.  The last letter (`s' or `l') is a mnemonic for the tra-     ditional names for such quantities, short and long, respectively.  Today,     the C concept of short and long integers need not coincide with this tra-     ditional misunderstanding.  On machines which have a byte order which is     the same as the network order, routines are defined as null macros.     The functions involving either ``be'', ``le'', or ``swap'' use the num-     bers 16 and 32 for specifying the bitwidth of the quantities they operate     on.  Currently all supported architectures are either big- or little-     endian so either the ``be'' or ``le'' variants are implemented as null     macros.     The routines mentioned above which have either {src-order} or {dst-order}     set to `n' are most often used in conjunction with Internet addresses and     ports as returned by gethostbyname(3) and getservent(3).SEE ALSO     gethostbyname(3), getservent(3)HISTORY     The byteorder functions appeared in 4.2BSD.BUGS     On the vax, alpha, i386, and so far mips, bytes are handled backwards     from most everyone else in the world.  This is not expected to be fixed     in the near future.BSD                              June 4, 1993                              BSD    </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><DIVCLASS="NAVFOOTER"><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="100%"><TABLESUMMARY="Footer navigation table"WIDTH="100%"BORDER="0"CELLPADDING="0"CELLSPACING="0"><TR><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="net-common-tcpip-manpages-gethostname.html"ACCESSKEY="P">Prev</A></TD><TDWIDTH="34%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="ecos-ref.html"ACCESSKEY="H">Home</A></TD><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="net-common-tcpip-manpages-ethers.html"ACCESSKEY="N">Next</A></TD></TR><TR><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="top">gethostname</TD><TDWIDTH="34%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="tcpip-library-reference.html"ACCESSKEY="U">Up</A></TD><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="top">ethers</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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