hashpage.c

postgresql8.3.4源码,开源数据库

/*
 *	_hash_pageinit() -- Initialize a new hash index page.
 */
void
_hash_pageinit(Page page, Size size)
{
	Assert(PageIsNew(page));
	PageInit(page, size, sizeof(HashPageOpaqueData));
}

/*
 * Attempt to expand the hash table by creating one new bucket.
 *
 * This will silently do nothing if it cannot get the needed locks.
 *
 * The caller should hold no locks on the hash index.
 *
 * The caller must hold a pin, but no lock, on the metapage buffer.
 * The buffer is returned in the same state.
 */
void
_hash_expandtable(Relation rel, Buffer metabuf)
{
	HashMetaPage metap;
	Bucket		old_bucket;
	Bucket		new_bucket;
	uint32		spare_ndx;
	BlockNumber start_oblkno;
	BlockNumber start_nblkno;
	uint32		maxbucket;
	uint32		highmask;
	uint32		lowmask;

	/*
	 * Obtain the page-zero lock to assert the right to begin a split (see
	 * README).
	 *
	 * Note: deadlock should be impossible here. Our own backend could only be
	 * holding bucket sharelocks due to stopped indexscans; those will not
	 * block other holders of the page-zero lock, who are only interested in
	 * acquiring bucket sharelocks themselves.	Exclusive bucket locks are
	 * only taken here and in hashbulkdelete, and neither of these operations
	 * needs any additional locks to complete.	(If, due to some flaw in this
	 * reasoning, we manage to deadlock anyway, it's okay to error out; the
	 * index will be left in a consistent state.)
	 */
	_hash_getlock(rel, 0, HASH_EXCLUSIVE);

	/* Write-lock the meta page */
	_hash_chgbufaccess(rel, metabuf, HASH_NOLOCK, HASH_WRITE);

	_hash_checkpage(rel, metabuf, LH_META_PAGE);
	metap = (HashMetaPage) BufferGetPage(metabuf);

	/*
	 * Check to see if split is still needed; someone else might have already
	 * done one while we waited for the lock.
	 *
	 * Make sure this stays in sync with _hash_doinsert()
	 */
	if (metap->hashm_ntuples <=
		(double) metap->hashm_ffactor * (metap->hashm_maxbucket + 1))
		goto fail;

	/*
	 * Can't split anymore if maxbucket has reached its maximum possible
	 * value.
	 *
	 * Ideally we'd allow bucket numbers up to UINT_MAX-1 (no higher because
	 * the calculation maxbucket+1 mustn't overflow).  Currently we restrict
	 * to half that because of overflow looping in _hash_log2() and
	 * insufficient space in hashm_spares[].  It's moot anyway because an
	 * index with 2^32 buckets would certainly overflow BlockNumber and hence
	 * _hash_alloc_buckets() would fail, but if we supported buckets smaller
	 * than a disk block then this would be an independent constraint.
	 */
	if (metap->hashm_maxbucket >= (uint32) 0x7FFFFFFE)
		goto fail;

	/*
	 * Determine which bucket is to be split, and attempt to lock the old
	 * bucket.	If we can't get the lock, give up.
	 *
	 * The lock protects us against other backends, but not against our own
	 * backend.  Must check for active scans separately.
	 */
	new_bucket = metap->hashm_maxbucket + 1;

	old_bucket = (new_bucket & metap->hashm_lowmask);

	start_oblkno = BUCKET_TO_BLKNO(metap, old_bucket);

	if (_hash_has_active_scan(rel, old_bucket))
		goto fail;

	if (!_hash_try_getlock(rel, start_oblkno, HASH_EXCLUSIVE))
		goto fail;

	/*
	 * Likewise lock the new bucket (should never fail).
	 *
	 * Note: it is safe to compute the new bucket's blkno here, even though we
	 * may still need to update the BUCKET_TO_BLKNO mapping.  This is because
	 * the current value of hashm_spares[hashm_ovflpoint] correctly shows
	 * where we are going to put a new splitpoint's worth of buckets.
	 */
	start_nblkno = BUCKET_TO_BLKNO(metap, new_bucket);

	if (_hash_has_active_scan(rel, new_bucket))
		elog(ERROR, "scan in progress on supposedly new bucket");

	if (!_hash_try_getlock(rel, start_nblkno, HASH_EXCLUSIVE))
		elog(ERROR, "could not get lock on supposedly new bucket");

	/*
	 * If the split point is increasing (hashm_maxbucket's log base 2
	 * increases), we need to allocate a new batch of bucket pages.
	 */
	spare_ndx = _hash_log2(new_bucket + 1);
	if (spare_ndx > metap->hashm_ovflpoint)
	{
		Assert(spare_ndx == metap->hashm_ovflpoint + 1);

		/*
		 * The number of buckets in the new splitpoint is equal to the total
		 * number already in existence, i.e. new_bucket.  Currently this maps
		 * one-to-one to blocks required, but someday we may need a more
		 * complicated calculation here.
		 */
		if (!_hash_alloc_buckets(rel, start_nblkno, new_bucket))
		{
			/* can't split due to BlockNumber overflow */
			_hash_droplock(rel, start_oblkno, HASH_EXCLUSIVE);
			_hash_droplock(rel, start_nblkno, HASH_EXCLUSIVE);
			goto fail;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Okay to proceed with split.	Update the metapage bucket mapping info.
	 *
	 * Since we are scribbling on the metapage data right in the shared
	 * buffer, any failure in this next little bit leaves us with a big
	 * problem: the metapage is effectively corrupt but could get written back
	 * to disk.  We don't really expect any failure, but just to be sure,
	 * establish a critical section.
	 */
	START_CRIT_SECTION();

	metap->hashm_maxbucket = new_bucket;

	if (new_bucket > metap->hashm_highmask)
	{
		/* Starting a new doubling */
		metap->hashm_lowmask = metap->hashm_highmask;
		metap->hashm_highmask = new_bucket | metap->hashm_lowmask;
	}

	/*
	 * If the split point is increasing (hashm_maxbucket's log base 2
	 * increases), we need to adjust the hashm_spares[] array and
	 * hashm_ovflpoint so that future overflow pages will be created beyond
	 * this new batch of bucket pages.
	 */
	if (spare_ndx > metap->hashm_ovflpoint)
	{
		metap->hashm_spares[spare_ndx] = metap->hashm_spares[metap->hashm_ovflpoint];
		metap->hashm_ovflpoint = spare_ndx;
	}

	/* Done mucking with metapage */
	END_CRIT_SECTION();

	/*
	 * Copy bucket mapping info now; this saves re-accessing the meta page
	 * inside _hash_splitbucket's inner loop.  Note that once we drop the
	 * split lock, other splits could begin, so these values might be out of
	 * date before _hash_splitbucket finishes.	That's okay, since all it
	 * needs is to tell which of these two buckets to map hashkeys into.
	 */
	maxbucket = metap->hashm_maxbucket;
	highmask = metap->hashm_highmask;
	lowmask = metap->hashm_lowmask;

	/* Write out the metapage and drop lock, but keep pin */
	_hash_chgbufaccess(rel, metabuf, HASH_WRITE, HASH_NOLOCK);

	/* Release split lock; okay for other splits to occur now */
	_hash_droplock(rel, 0, HASH_EXCLUSIVE);

	/* Relocate records to the new bucket */
	_hash_splitbucket(rel, metabuf, old_bucket, new_bucket,
					  start_oblkno, start_nblkno,
					  maxbucket, highmask, lowmask);

	/* Release bucket locks, allowing others to access them */
	_hash_droplock(rel, start_oblkno, HASH_EXCLUSIVE);
	_hash_droplock(rel, start_nblkno, HASH_EXCLUSIVE);

	return;

	/* Here if decide not to split or fail to acquire old bucket lock */
fail:

	/* We didn't write the metapage, so just drop lock */
	_hash_chgbufaccess(rel, metabuf, HASH_READ, HASH_NOLOCK);

	/* Release split lock */
	_hash_droplock(rel, 0, HASH_EXCLUSIVE);
}


/*
 * _hash_alloc_buckets -- allocate a new splitpoint's worth of bucket pages
 *
 * This does not need to initialize the new bucket pages; we'll do that as
 * each one is used by _hash_expandtable().  But we have to extend the logical
 * EOF to the end of the splitpoint; this keeps smgr's idea of the EOF in
 * sync with ours, so that we don't get complaints from smgr.
 *
 * We do this by writing a page of zeroes at the end of the splitpoint range.
 * We expect that the filesystem will ensure that the intervening pages read
 * as zeroes too.  On many filesystems this "hole" will not be allocated
 * immediately, which means that the index file may end up more fragmented
 * than if we forced it all to be allocated now; but since we don't scan
 * hash indexes sequentially anyway, that probably doesn't matter.
 *
 * XXX It's annoying that this code is executed with the metapage lock held.
 * We need to interlock against _hash_getovflpage() adding a new overflow page
 * concurrently, but it'd likely be better to use LockRelationForExtension
 * for the purpose.  OTOH, adding a splitpoint is a very infrequent operation,
 * so it may not be worth worrying about.
 *
 * Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE if allocation failed due to
 * BlockNumber overflow.
 */
static bool
_hash_alloc_buckets(Relation rel, BlockNumber firstblock, uint32 nblocks)
{
	BlockNumber lastblock;
	char		zerobuf[BLCKSZ];

	lastblock = firstblock + nblocks - 1;

	/*
	 * Check for overflow in block number calculation; if so, we cannot extend
	 * the index anymore.
	 */
	if (lastblock < firstblock || lastblock == InvalidBlockNumber)
		return false;

	MemSet(zerobuf, 0, sizeof(zerobuf));

	RelationOpenSmgr(rel);
	smgrextend(rel->rd_smgr, lastblock, zerobuf, rel->rd_istemp);

	return true;
}


/*
 * _hash_splitbucket -- split 'obucket' into 'obucket' and 'nbucket'
 *
 * We are splitting a bucket that consists of a base bucket page and zero
 * or more overflow (bucket chain) pages.  We must relocate tuples that
 * belong in the new bucket, and compress out any free space in the old
 * bucket.
 *
 * The caller must hold exclusive locks on both buckets to ensure that
 * no one else is trying to access them (see README).
 *
 * The caller must hold a pin, but no lock, on the metapage buffer.
 * The buffer is returned in the same state.  (The metapage is only
 * touched if it becomes necessary to add or remove overflow pages.)
 */
static void
_hash_splitbucket(Relation rel,
				  Buffer metabuf,
				  Bucket obucket,
				  Bucket nbucket,
				  BlockNumber start_oblkno,
				  BlockNumber start_nblkno,
				  uint32 maxbucket,
				  uint32 highmask,
				  uint32 lowmask)
{
	Bucket		bucket;
	Buffer		obuf;
	Buffer		nbuf;
	BlockNumber oblkno;
	BlockNumber nblkno;
	bool		null;
	Datum		datum;
	HashPageOpaque oopaque;
	HashPageOpaque nopaque;
	IndexTuple	itup;
	Size		itemsz;
	OffsetNumber ooffnum;
	OffsetNumber noffnum;
	OffsetNumber omaxoffnum;
	Page		opage;
	Page		npage;
	TupleDesc	itupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);

	/*
	 * It should be okay to simultaneously write-lock pages from each bucket,
	 * since no one else can be trying to acquire buffer lock on pages of
	 * either bucket.
	 */
	oblkno = start_oblkno;
	obuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, oblkno, HASH_WRITE, LH_BUCKET_PAGE);
	opage = BufferGetPage(obuf);
	oopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(opage);

	nblkno = start_nblkno;
	nbuf = _hash_getnewbuf(rel, nblkno);
	npage = BufferGetPage(nbuf);

	/* initialize the new bucket's primary page */
	nopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(npage);
	nopaque->hasho_prevblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
	nopaque->hasho_nextblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
	nopaque->hasho_bucket = nbucket;
	nopaque->hasho_flag = LH_BUCKET_PAGE;
	nopaque->hasho_page_id = HASHO_PAGE_ID;

	/*
	 * Partition the tuples in the old bucket between the old bucket and the
	 * new bucket, advancing along the old bucket's overflow bucket chain and
	 * adding overflow pages to the new bucket as needed.
	 */
	ooffnum = FirstOffsetNumber;
	omaxoffnum = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(opage);
	for (;;)
	{
		/*
		 * at each iteration through this loop, each of these variables should
		 * be up-to-date: obuf opage oopaque ooffnum omaxoffnum
		 */

		/* check if we're at the end of the page */
		if (ooffnum > omaxoffnum)
		{
			/* at end of page, but check for an(other) overflow page */
			oblkno = oopaque->hasho_nextblkno;
			if (!BlockNumberIsValid(oblkno))
				break;

			/*
			 * we ran out of tuples on this particular page, but we have more
			 * overflow pages; advance to next page.
			 */
			_hash_wrtbuf(rel, obuf);

			obuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, oblkno, HASH_WRITE, LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE);
			opage = BufferGetPage(obuf);
			oopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(opage);
			ooffnum = FirstOffsetNumber;
			omaxoffnum = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(opage);
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * Re-hash the tuple to determine which bucket it now belongs in.
		 *
		 * It is annoying to call the hash function while holding locks, but
		 * releasing and relocking the page for each tuple is unappealing too.
		 */
		itup = (IndexTuple) PageGetItem(opage, PageGetItemId(opage, ooffnum));
		datum = index_getattr(itup, 1, itupdesc, &null);
		Assert(!null);

		bucket = _hash_hashkey2bucket(_hash_datum2hashkey(rel, datum),
									  maxbucket, highmask, lowmask);

		if (bucket == nbucket)
		{
			/*
			 * insert the tuple into the new bucket.  if it doesn't fit on the
			 * current page in the new bucket, we must allocate a new overflow
			 * page and place the tuple on that page instead.
			 */
			itemsz = IndexTupleDSize(*itup);
			itemsz = MAXALIGN(itemsz);

			if (PageGetFreeSpace(npage) < itemsz)
			{
				/* write out nbuf and drop lock, but keep pin */
				_hash_chgbufaccess(rel, nbuf, HASH_WRITE, HASH_NOLOCK);
				/* chain to a new overflow page */
				nbuf = _hash_addovflpage(rel, metabuf, nbuf);
				npage = BufferGetPage(nbuf);
				/* we don't need nopaque within the loop */
			}

			noffnum = OffsetNumberNext(PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(npage));
			if (PageAddItem(npage, (Item) itup, itemsz, noffnum, false, false)
				== InvalidOffsetNumber)
				elog(ERROR, "failed to add index item to \"%s\"",
					 RelationGetRelationName(rel));

			/*
			 * now delete the tuple from the old bucket.  after this section
			 * of code, 'ooffnum' will actually point to the ItemId to which
			 * we would point if we had advanced it before the deletion
			 * (PageIndexTupleDelete repacks the ItemId array).  this also
			 * means that 'omaxoffnum' is exactly one less than it used to be,
			 * so we really can just decrement it instead of calling
			 * PageGetMaxOffsetNumber.
			 */
			PageIndexTupleDelete(opage, ooffnum);
			omaxoffnum = OffsetNumberPrev(omaxoffnum);
		}
		else
		{
			/*
			 * the tuple stays on this page.  we didn't move anything, so we
			 * didn't delete anything and therefore we don't have to change
			 * 'omaxoffnum'.
			 */
			Assert(bucket == obucket);
			ooffnum = OffsetNumberNext(ooffnum);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * We're at the end of the old bucket chain, so we're done partitioning
	 * the tuples.	Before quitting, call _hash_squeezebucket to ensure the
	 * tuples remaining in the old bucket (including the overflow pages) are
	 * packed as tightly as possible.  The new bucket is already tight.
	 */
	_hash_wrtbuf(rel, obuf);
	_hash_wrtbuf(rel, nbuf);

	_hash_squeezebucket(rel, obucket, start_oblkno, NULL);
}