create_role.sgml

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$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_role.sgml,v 1.10 2007/11/07 12:24:23 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
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<refentry id="SQL-CREATEROLE">
 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle id="sql-createrole-title">CREATE ROLE</refentrytitle>
  <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>

 <refnamediv>
  <refname>CREATE ROLE</refname>
  <refpurpose>define a new database role</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>

 <indexterm zone="sql-createrole">
  <primary>CREATE ROLE</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <refsynopsisdiv>
<synopsis>
CREATE ROLE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> [ [ WITH ] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">option</replaceable> [ ... ] ]

where <replaceable class="PARAMETER">option</replaceable> can be:
    
      SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
    | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
    | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
    | CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
    | INHERIT | NOINHERIT
    | LOGIN | NOLOGIN
    | CONNECTION LIMIT <replaceable class="PARAMETER">connlimit</replaceable>
    | [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD '<replaceable class="PARAMETER">password</replaceable>'
    | VALID UNTIL '<replaceable class="PARAMETER">timestamp</replaceable>' 
    | IN ROLE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">rolename</replaceable> [, ...]
    | IN GROUP <replaceable class="PARAMETER">rolename</replaceable> [, ...]
    | ROLE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">rolename</replaceable> [, ...]
    | ADMIN <replaceable class="PARAMETER">rolename</replaceable> [, ...]
    | USER <replaceable class="PARAMETER">rolename</replaceable> [, ...]
    | SYSID <replaceable class="PARAMETER">uid</replaceable> 
</synopsis>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Description</title>

  <para>
   <command>CREATE ROLE</command> adds a new role to a
   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database cluster.  A role is
   an entity that can own database objects and have database privileges;
   a role can be considered a <quote>user</>, a <quote>group</>, or both
   depending on how it is used.  Refer to
   <xref linkend="user-manag"> and <xref
   linkend="client-authentication"> for information about managing
   users and authentication.  You must have <literal>CREATEROLE</>
   privilege or be a database superuser to use this command.
  </para>

  <para>
   Note that roles are defined at the database cluster
   level, and so are valid in all databases in the cluster.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Parameters</title>

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The name of the new role.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>SUPERUSER</literal></term>
      <term><literal>NOSUPERUSER</literal></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        These clauses determine whether the new role is a <quote>superuser</>,
        who can override all access restrictions within the database.
        Superuser status is dangerous and should be used only when really
        needed.  You must yourself be a superuser to create a new superuser.
        If not specified,
        <literal>NOSUPERUSER</literal> is the default.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>CREATEDB</></term>
      <term><literal>NOCREATEDB</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        These clauses define a role's ability to create databases.  If
        <literal>CREATEDB</literal> is specified, the role being
        defined will be allowed to create new databases. Specifying
        <literal>NOCREATEDB</literal> will deny a role the ability to
        create databases. If not specified,
        <literal>NOCREATEDB</literal> is the default.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>CREATEROLE</literal></term>
      <term><literal>NOCREATEROLE</literal></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        These clauses determine whether a role will be permitted to
        create new roles (that is, execute <command>CREATE ROLE</command>).
        A role with <literal>CREATEROLE</literal> privilege can also alter
        and drop other roles.
        If not specified,
        <literal>NOCREATEROLE</literal> is the default.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>CREATEUSER</literal></term>
      <term><literal>NOCREATEUSER</literal></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        These clauses are an obsolete, but still accepted, spelling of
        <literal>SUPERUSER</literal> and <literal>NOSUPERUSER</literal>.
        Note that they are <emphasis>not</> equivalent to
        <literal>CREATEROLE</literal> as one might naively expect!
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>INHERIT</literal></term>
      <term><literal>NOINHERIT</literal></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        These clauses determine whether a role <quote>inherits</> the
        privileges of roles it is a member of.
        A role with the <literal>INHERIT</literal> attribute can automatically
        use whatever database privileges have been granted to all roles
        it is directly or indirectly a member of.
        Without <literal>INHERIT</literal>, membership in another role
        only grants the ability to <command>SET ROLE</> to that other role;
        the privileges of the other role are only available after having
        done so.
        If not specified,
        <literal>INHERIT</literal> is the default.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>LOGIN</literal></term>
      <term><literal>NOLOGIN</literal></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        These clauses determine whether a role is allowed to log in;
        that is, whether the role can be given as the initial session
        authorization name during client connection.  A role having
        the <literal>LOGIN</literal> attribute can be thought of as a user.
        Roles without this attribute are useful for managing database
        privileges, but are not users in the usual sense of the word.
        If not specified,
        <literal>NOLOGIN</literal> is the default, except when
        <command>CREATE ROLE</> is invoked through its alternative spelling
        <command>CREATE USER</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>CONNECTION LIMIT</literal> <replaceable class="parameter">connlimit</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        If role can log in, this specifies how many concurrent connections
        the role can make.  -1 (the default) means no limit.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>PASSWORD</> <replaceable class="parameter">password</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Sets the role's password.  (A password is only of use for
        roles having the <literal>LOGIN</literal> attribute, but you
        can nonetheless define one for roles without it.)  If you do
        not plan to use password authentication you can omit this
        option.  If no password is specified, the password will be set
        to null and password authentication will always fail for that
        user.  A null password can optionally be written explicitly as
        <literal>PASSWORD NULL</literal>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>ENCRYPTED</></term>
      <term><literal>UNENCRYPTED</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        These key words control whether the password is stored
        encrypted in the system catalogs.  (If neither is specified,
        the default behavior is determined by the configuration
        parameter <xref linkend="guc-password-encryption">.)  If the
        presented password string is already in MD5-encrypted format,
        then it is stored encrypted as-is, regardless of whether
        <literal>ENCRYPTED</> or <literal>UNENCRYPTED</> is specified
        (since the system cannot decrypt the specified encrypted
        password string).  This allows reloading of encrypted
        passwords during dump/restore.
       </para>

       <para>
        Note that older clients might lack support for the MD5
        authentication mechanism that is needed to work with passwords
        that are stored encrypted.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>VALID UNTIL</literal> '<replaceable class="parameter">timestamp</replaceable>'</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The <literal>VALID UNTIL</literal> clause sets a date and
        time after which the role's password is no longer valid.  If
        this clause is omitted the password will be valid for all time.
       </para>
      </listitem>