alter_sequence.sgml

postgresql8.3.4源码,开源数据库

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<refentry id="SQL-ALTERSEQUENCE">
 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle id="SQL-ALTERSEQUENCE-TITLE">ALTER SEQUENCE</refentrytitle>
  <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>

 <refnamediv>
  <refname>
   ALTER SEQUENCE
  </refname>
  <refpurpose>
   change the definition of a sequence generator
  </refpurpose>
 </refnamediv> 

 <indexterm zone="sql-altersequence">
  <primary>ALTER SEQUENCE</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <refsynopsisdiv>
  <synopsis>
ALTER SEQUENCE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> [ INCREMENT [ BY ] <replaceable class="parameter">increment</replaceable> ]
    [ MINVALUE <replaceable class="parameter">minvalue</replaceable> | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE <replaceable class="parameter">maxvalue</replaceable> | NO MAXVALUE ]
    [ RESTART [ WITH ] <replaceable class="parameter">start</replaceable> ] [ CACHE <replaceable class="parameter">cache</replaceable> ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
    [ OWNED BY { <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable>.<replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> | NONE } ]
ALTER SEQUENCE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> RENAME TO <replaceable class="parameter">new_name</replaceable>
ALTER SEQUENCE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> SET SCHEMA <replaceable class="parameter">new_schema</replaceable>
  </synopsis>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Description</title>

  <para>
   <command>ALTER SEQUENCE</command> changes the parameters of an existing
   sequence generator.  Any parameters not specifically set in the
   <command>ALTER SEQUENCE</command> command retain their prior settings.
  </para>

  <para>
   You must own the sequence to use <command>ALTER SEQUENCE</>.
   To change a sequence's schema, you must also have <literal>CREATE</>
   privilege on the new schema.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Parameters</title>

   <para>
    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The name (optionally schema-qualified) of a sequence to be altered.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">increment</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The clause <literal>INCREMENT BY <replaceable
        class="parameter">increment</replaceable></literal> is
        optional. A positive value will make an ascending sequence, a
        negative one a descending sequence.  If unspecified, the old
        increment value will be maintained.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">minvalue</replaceable></term>
      <term><literal>NO MINVALUE</literal></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The optional clause <literal>MINVALUE <replaceable
        class="parameter">minvalue</replaceable></literal> determines
        the minimum value a sequence can generate. If <literal>NO
        MINVALUE</literal> is specified, the defaults of 1 and
        -2<superscript>63</>-1 for ascending and descending sequences,
        respectively, will be used.  If neither option is specified,
        the current minimum value will be maintained.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">maxvalue</replaceable></term>
      <term><literal>NO MAXVALUE</literal></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The optional clause <literal>MAXVALUE <replaceable
        class="parameter">maxvalue</replaceable></literal> determines
        the maximum value for the sequence. If <literal>NO
        MAXVALUE</literal> is specified, the defaults are
        2<superscript>63</>-1 and -1 for ascending and descending
        sequences, respectively, will be used.  If neither option is
        specified, the current maximum value will be maintained.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">start</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The optional clause <literal>RESTART WITH <replaceable
        class="parameter">start</replaceable></literal> changes the
        current value of the sequence.  This is equivalent to calling the
        <function>setval</> function with <literal>is_called</literal> =
        <literal>false</>: the specified value will be returned by the
        <emphasis>next</> call of <function>nextval</>.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><replaceable class="parameter">cache</replaceable></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The clause <literal>CACHE <replaceable
        class="parameter">cache</replaceable></literal> enables
        sequence numbers to be preallocated and stored in memory for
        faster access. The minimum value is 1 (only one value can be
        generated at a time, i.e., no cache).  If unspecified, the old
        cache value will be maintained.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>CYCLE</literal></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        The optional <literal>CYCLE</literal> key word can be used to enable
        the sequence to wrap around when the
        <replaceable class="parameter">maxvalue</replaceable> or
        <replaceable class="parameter">minvalue</replaceable> has been
        reached by
        an ascending or descending sequence respectively. If the limit is
        reached, the next number generated will be the
        <replaceable class="parameter">minvalue</replaceable> or
        <replaceable class="parameter">maxvalue</replaceable>,
        respectively.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>NO CYCLE</literal></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        If the optional <literal>NO CYCLE</literal> key word is
        specified, any calls to <function>nextval</function> after the
        sequence has reached its maximum value will return an error.
        If neither <literal>CYCLE</literal> or <literal>NO
        CYCLE</literal> are specified, the old cycle behavior will be
        maintained.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><literal>OWNED BY</literal> <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable>.<replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable></term>
    <term><literal>OWNED BY NONE</literal></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The <literal>OWNED BY</literal> option causes the sequence to be
      associated with a specific table column, such that if that column
      (or its whole table) is dropped, the sequence will be automatically
      dropped as well.  If specified, this association replaces any
      previously specified association for the sequence.  The specified
      table must have the same owner and be in the same schema as the
      sequence.
      Specifying <literal>OWNED BY NONE</literal> removes any existing
      association, making the sequence <quote>free-standing</>.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">new_name</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The new name for the sequence.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
    <term><replaceable class="parameter">new_schema</replaceable></term>
    <listitem>
     <para>
      The new schema for the sequence.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
   </para>
  </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Notes</title>

  <para>
   To avoid blocking of concurrent transactions that obtain numbers from the
   same sequence, <command>ALTER SEQUENCE</command>'s effects on the sequence
   generation parameters are never rolled back;
   those changes take effect immediately and are not reversible.  However,
   the <literal>OWNED BY</>, <literal>RENAME</>, and <literal>SET SCHEMA</>
   clauses cause ordinary catalog updates that can be rolled back.
  </para>

  <para>
   <command>ALTER SEQUENCE</command> will not immediately affect
   <function>nextval</> results in backends,
   other than the current one, that have preallocated (cached) sequence
   values. They will use up all cached values prior to noticing the changed
   sequence generation parameters.  The current backend will be affected
   immediately.
  </para>

  <para>
   <command>ALTER SEQUENCE</command> does not affect the <function>currval</>
   status for the sequence.  (Before <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
   8.3, it sometimes did.)
  </para>

  <para>
   Some variants of <command>ALTER TABLE</command> can be used with
   sequences as well; for example, to rename a sequence it is also
   possible to use <command>ALTER TABLE RENAME</command>.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Examples</title>

  <para>
   Restart a sequence called <literal>serial</literal>, at 105:
<programlisting>
ALTER SEQUENCE serial RESTART WITH 105;
</programlisting>
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Compatibility</title>

  <para>
   <command>ALTER SEQUENCE</command> conforms to the <acronym>SQL</acronym>
   standard, except for the <literal>OWNED BY</>, <literal>RENAME</>, and
   <literal>SET SCHEMA</literal> clauses, which are
   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extensions.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>See Also</title>

  <simplelist type="inline">
   <member><xref linkend="sql-createsequence" endterm="sql-createsequence-title"></member>
   <member><xref linkend="sql-dropsequence" endterm="sql-dropsequence-title"></member>
  </simplelist>
 </refsect1>

</refentry>