normal.hpp

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//  Copyright John Maddock 2006, 2007.
//  Copyright Paul A. Bristow 2006, 2007.

//  Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
//  Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
//  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

#ifndef BOOST_STATS_NORMAL_HPP
#define BOOST_STATS_NORMAL_HPP

// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
// http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3661.htm
// Also:
// Weisstein, Eric W. "Normal Distribution."
// From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.
// http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NormalDistribution.html

#include <boost/math/distributions/fwd.hpp>
#include <boost/math/special_functions/erf.hpp> // for erf/erfc.
#include <boost/math/distributions/complement.hpp>
#include <boost/math/distributions/detail/common_error_handling.hpp>

#include <utility>

namespace boost{ namespace math{

template <class RealType = double, class Policy = policies::policy<> >
class normal_distribution
{
public:
   typedef RealType value_type;
   typedef Policy policy_type;

   normal_distribution(RealType mean = 0, RealType sd = 1)
      : m_mean(mean), m_sd(sd)
   { // Default is a 'standard' normal distribution N01.
     static const char* function = "boost::math::normal_distribution<%1%>::normal_distribution";

     RealType result;
     detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy());
     detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy());
   }

   RealType mean()const
   { // alias for location.
      return m_mean;
   }

   RealType standard_deviation()const
   { // alias for scale.
      return m_sd;
   }

   // Synonyms, provided to allow generic use of find_location and find_scale.
   RealType location()const
   { // location.
      return m_mean;
   }
   RealType scale()const
   { // scale.
      return m_sd;
   }

private:
   //
   // Data members:
   //
   RealType m_mean;  // distribution mean or location.
   RealType m_sd;    // distribution standard deviation or scale.
}; // class normal_distribution

typedef normal_distribution<double> normal;

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline const std::pair<RealType, RealType> range(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
{ // Range of permissible values for random variable x.
   using boost::math::tools::max_value;
   return std::pair<RealType, RealType>(-max_value<RealType>(), max_value<RealType>()); // - to + max value.
}

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline const std::pair<RealType, RealType> support(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
{ // Range of supported values for random variable x.
   // This is range where cdf rises from 0 to 1, and outside it, the pdf is zero.

   using boost::math::tools::max_value;
   return std::pair<RealType, RealType>(-max_value<RealType>(),  max_value<RealType>()); // - to + max value.
}

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType pdf(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist, const RealType& x)
{
   BOOST_MATH_STD_USING  // for ADL of std functions

   RealType sd = dist.standard_deviation();
   RealType mean = dist.mean();

   static const char* function = "boost::math::pdf(const normal_distribution<%1%>&, %1%)";
   if((boost::math::isinf)(x))
   {
     return 0; // pdf + and - infinity is zero.
   }
   // Below produces MSVC 4127 warnings, so the above used instead.
   //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && abs(x) == std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
   //{ // pdf + and - infinity is zero.
   //  return 0;
   //}

   RealType result;
   if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
   {
      return result;
   }
   if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
   {
      return result;
   }
   if(false == detail::check_x(function, x, &result, Policy()))
   {
      return result;
   }

   RealType exponent = x - mean;
   exponent *= -exponent;
   exponent /= 2 * sd * sd;

   result = exp(exponent);
   result /= sd * sqrt(2 * constants::pi<RealType>());

   return result;
} // pdf

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType cdf(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist, const RealType& x)
{
   BOOST_MATH_STD_USING  // for ADL of std functions

   RealType sd = dist.standard_deviation();
   RealType mean = dist.mean();
   static const char* function = "boost::math::cdf(const normal_distribution<%1%>&, %1%)";
   RealType result;
   if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
   {
      return result;
   }
   if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
   {
      return result;
   }
   if((boost::math::isinf)(x))
   {
     if(x < 0) return 0; // -infinity
     return 1; // + infinity
   }
   // These produce MSVC 4127 warnings, so the above used instead.
   //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && x == std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
   //{ // cdf +infinity is unity.
   //  return 1;
   //}
   //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && x == -std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
   //{ // cdf -infinity is zero.
   //  return 0;
   //}
   if(false == detail::check_x(function, x, &result, Policy()))
   {
     return result;
   }
   RealType diff = (x - mean) / (sd * constants::root_two<RealType>());
   result = boost::math::erfc(-diff, Policy()) / 2;
   return result;
} // cdf

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType quantile(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist, const RealType& p)
{
   BOOST_MATH_STD_USING  // for ADL of std functions

   RealType sd = dist.standard_deviation();
   RealType mean = dist.mean();
   static const char* function = "boost::math::quantile(const normal_distribution<%1%>&, %1%)";

   RealType result;
   if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
      return result;
   if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
      return result;
   if(false == detail::check_probability(function, p, &result, Policy()))
      return result;

   result= boost::math::erfc_inv(2 * p, Policy());
   result = -result;
   result *= sd * constants::root_two<RealType>();
   result += mean;
   return result;
} // quantile

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType cdf(const complemented2_type<normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>, RealType>& c)
{
   BOOST_MATH_STD_USING  // for ADL of std functions

   RealType sd = c.dist.standard_deviation();
   RealType mean = c.dist.mean();
   RealType x = c.param;
   static const char* function = "boost::math::cdf(const complement(normal_distribution<%1%>&), %1%)";

   if((boost::math::isinf)(x))
   {
     if(x < 0) return 1; // cdf complement -infinity is unity.
     return 0; // cdf complement +infinity is zero
   }
   // These produce MSVC 4127 warnings, so the above used instead.
   //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && x == std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
   //{ // cdf complement +infinity is zero.
   //  return 0;
   //}
   //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && x == -std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
   //{ // cdf complement -infinity is unity.
   //  return 1;
   //}
   RealType result;
   if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
      return result;
   if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
      return result;
   if(false == detail::check_x(function, x, &result, Policy()))
      return result;

   RealType diff = (x - mean) / (sd * constants::root_two<RealType>());
   result = boost::math::erfc(diff, Policy()) / 2;
   return result;
} // cdf complement

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType quantile(const complemented2_type<normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>, RealType>& c)
{
   BOOST_MATH_STD_USING  // for ADL of std functions

   RealType sd = c.dist.standard_deviation();
   RealType mean = c.dist.mean();
   static const char* function = "boost::math::quantile(const complement(normal_distribution<%1%>&), %1%)";
   RealType result;
   if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
      return result;
   if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
      return result;
   RealType q = c.param;
   if(false == detail::check_probability(function, q, &result, Policy()))
      return result;
   result = boost::math::erfc_inv(2 * q, Policy());
   result *= sd * constants::root_two<RealType>();
   result += mean;
   return result;
} // quantile

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType mean(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
{
   return dist.mean();
}

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType standard_deviation(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
{
   return dist.standard_deviation();
}

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType mode(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
{
   return dist.mean();
}

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType median(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
{
   return dist.mean();
}

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType skewness(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
{
   return 0;
}

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType kurtosis(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
{
   return 3;
}

template <class RealType, class Policy>
inline RealType kurtosis_excess(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
{
   return 0;
}

} // namespace math
} // namespace boost

// This include must be at the end, *after* the accessors
// for this distribution have been defined, in order to
// keep compilers that support two-phase lookup happy.
#include <boost/math/distributions/detail/derived_accessors.hpp>

#endif // BOOST_STATS_NORMAL_HPP