04mrtg.php.html

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<br><font color="#000000">以安装完 sysstat 套件后，产生的 /usr/bin/sar
程序进行外挂程序的编写，我写了一个监测 CPU 的小程序，使用 bash 写的，可以参考看看：</font>
<table COLS=1 WIDTH="80%" BGCOLOR="#000000" >
<tr>
<td><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">[root @tsai
cpu]# vi mrtg.cpu</font>
<p><font size=-1 color="#FFFF00" face="SimSun">---- 档案开始
----</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">#!/bin/bash</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># 这个程序是用来侦测
CPU 的小外挂程序！</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># 1. 开始使用
sar 来监测 CPU 的 user 及 System 负载率</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp; cpuusr=`/usr/bin/sar
-u 1 3 | grep Average | awk '{print $3}'`</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp; cpusys=`/usr/bin/sar
-u 1 3 | grep Average | awk '{print $5}'`</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp; UPtime=`/usr/bin/uptime
| awk '{print $3 " " $4 " " $5}'`</font>
<p><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># 2. 列出四个数据（前两个为数字）</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp; echo
$cpuusr</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp; echo
$cpusys</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp; echo
$UPtime</font>
<br><font size=-1 face="SimSun"><font color="#FFFFFF">&nbsp; echo
vbird.adsldns.org&nbsp; </font><font color="#FFFF00">（这里写你的主机名称）</font></font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFF00" face="SimSun">---- 档案结束
----</font>
<p><font size=-1 face="SimSun"><font color="#FFFFFF">[root @tsai
cpu]# chmod 755 mrtg.cpu </font><font color="#FFFF00">（设定成可执行）</font></font>
<br><font size=-1 face="SimSun"><font color="#FFFFFF">[root @tsai
cpu]# ./mrtg.cpu </font><font color="#FFFF00">（测试看可执行否）</font></font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">2.0</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">5.4</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">1 day, 22:30,</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">vbird.adsldns.org</font></td>
</tr>
</table>

<li>
<font color="#000000">开始设定 mrtg 参数档：</font></li>

<br><font color="#000000">我的参数档有点像这样：</font>
<table COLS=1 WIDTH="80%" BGCOLOR="#000000" >
<tr>
<td><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">[root @tsai
cpu]# vi mrtg.cfg.cpu</font>
<p><font size=-1 color="#FFFF00" face="SimSun">---- 档案开始
----</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">### Global
Config Options</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">### To get
bits instead of bytes and graphs growing to the right</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">WorkDir: /usr/local/apache/htdocs/mrtg/cpu/</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">Language: big5</font>
<p><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">Target[localhost]:
`/usr/local/apache/htdocs/mrtg/cpu/mrtg.cpu`</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">MaxBytes[localhost]:
100</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">Options[localhost]:
gauge, nopercent, growright</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">YLegend[localhost]:
CPU loading (%)</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">ShortLegend[localhost]:
%</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">LegendO[localhost]:
&amp;nbsp; CPU 使用者负载;</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">LegendI[localhost]:
&amp;nbsp; CPU 纯系统负载;</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">Title[localhost]:
CPU ?t???v</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">PageTop[localhost]:
&lt;H1>VBird 主机 CPU 负载率&lt;/H1></font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp;&lt;TABLE></font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp;&nbsp;
&lt;TR>&lt;TD>System:&lt;/TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;TD>RedHat 6.1
in Linux Kernel 2.2.19&lt;/TD>&lt;/TR></font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp;&lt;/TABLE></font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFF00" face="SimSun">---- 档案结束
----</font></td>
</tr>
</table>

<li>
<font color="#000000">开始执行参数档：（一样，要执行三次以上）</font></li>

<br><font color="#3333FF" face="SimSun">/usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/mrtg&nbsp;
/usr/local/apache/htdocs/mrtg/cpu/mrtg.cfg.cpu</font>
<br>&nbsp;
<li>
<font color="#000000">写入 /etc/crontab 当中：</font></li>

<br><font color="#3333FF" face="SimSun">*/2 * * * * root /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/mrtg
/usr/local/apache/htdocs/mrtg/cpu/mrtg.cfg.cpu > /dev/null 2>&amp;1</font>
<p><font color="#000000">这样就OK了，直接将 Web 指向 http://your.host.domain/mrtg/cpu/localhost.html</font></ol>
</ul>

<blockquote><font color="#000000">重点说完了！再来说说 sar 吧！基本上，
sar 可以用来侦测很多的咚咚，例如：</font>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#000000"><font face="SimSun">sar -u 1 5</font> ：每一秒钟测一次
cpu ，共计五次后算平均；</font></li>

<li>
<font color="#000000"><font face="SimSun">sar -r 3 3</font>：每三秒看一次实体与虚拟内存用量，三次后算平均！</font></li>

<li>
<font color="#000000">其它的功能有待你的发掘啰！</font></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>

<hr WIDTH="100%">
<ul>
<li>
<a NAME="online"></a><font color="#000066">实时侦测在线人数</font></li>
</ul>

<ul><font color="#000000">如果您曾经上过<a href="http://ftp.nsysu.edu.tw/htdocs/mrtg/" target="_blank">中山大学的
FTP 网站</a>的话，您会发现『</font><font color="#000099">咦！他们有侦测实时的上线人数(online
users)呢！</font><font color="#000000">』同样的，她们也是使用 MRTG 这一套相当漂亮的软件来达成这个目标！那，要如何达到这个目标呢？其实也是很简单，我们刚刚不是已经介绍了，</font><font color="#000099">
mrtg 其实只要接受到 2 个数字就可以绘图了</font><font color="#000000">吗？那这里就给他两个数字就可以啦！两个数字从何而来？如果您知道
netstat 这个指令的话，就会发现，当您下达 netstat -a 的时候，会有这个咚咚会出现：</font>
<br>&nbsp;
<table COLS=1 WIDTH="80%" BGCOLOR="#000000" >
<tr>
<td><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">[root @tsai
root]# netstat -a | more</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">Active Internet
connections (including servers)</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">Proto Recv-Q
Send-Q Local Address&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Foreign Address&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; State</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 *:ftp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*:*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
LISTEN</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 *:telnet&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*:*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
LISTEN</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 *:pop-2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*:*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
LISTEN</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 *:pop-3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*:*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
LISTEN</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 *:imap2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*:*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
LISTEN</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 *:smtp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*:*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
LISTEN</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 *:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*:*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
LISTEN</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
211.72.119.19:58298&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SYN_RECV</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 *:mysql&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*:*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
LISTEN</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0 *:netbios-ssn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*:*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
LISTEN</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp; 57920 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 211.75.193.100:2965&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
ESTABLISHED</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp; 57920 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 211.75.193.100:2966&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
ESTABLISHED</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp; 57920 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 211.75.193.100:2967&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
ESTABLISHED</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp; 57920 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 211.75.193.100:2968&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
ESTABLISHED</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp; 57920 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 211.75.193.100:2969&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
ESTABLISHED</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
202.98.131.11:4374&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FIN_WAIT1</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
202.98.131.11:4404&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FIN_WAIT1</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
202.98.131.11:4413&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FIN_WAIT1</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">tcp&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 tsai.adsldns.org:www&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
202.98.131.11:4453&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FIN_WAIT1</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFF00" face="SimSun">以下省略！</font></td>
</tr>
</table>

<p><font color="#000000">我们可以很清楚的发现：</font><font color="#000099">使用
netstat 可以查到 WWW 的联机数目</font><font color="#000000">，那只要将这些数目作一些重复性分析，以去除重复的
IP 网址后，不就可以知道以 WWW 方法上网联机的实时人数了嘛！这就是我们侦测的主要原理了！</font></ul>

<ul><font color="#000000">那要如何写这个侦测的批次档呢？以下就是鸟哥尝试写的一个批次档！你可以将一些批注符号取消，就可以知道为何这么写了：</font>
<br>&nbsp;
<table COLS=1 WIDTH="80%" BGCOLOR="#000000" >
<tr>
<td><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">[root @tsai
root]# vi mrtg.person.sh</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFF00" face="SimSun">档案开始：</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">#!/bin/bash</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># 这个程序主要在计算有多少人以
WWW 的方式联机进我们的主机！</font>
<p><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># 1. 计算联机的数目</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">echo `netstat
-a | grep www|awk '{print $5}'|sort | wc -l|awk '{print$1 - 1}'`</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># 底下在说明整个咚咚的列出（检查用）&nbsp;</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># netstat -a
| grep www|awk '{print $5}'|sort| uniq&nbsp;</font>
<p><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># 2. 计算联机人数：</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">echo `netstat
-a | grep www|awk '{print $5}'|cut -d":" -f1|sort| uniq |wc -l | awk '{print
$1 - 1}'`</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># netstat -a
| grep www|awk '{print $5}'|cut -d":" -f1|sort| uniq&nbsp;</font>
<p><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun"># 3. 输出时间咚咚</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp; UPtime=`/usr/bin/uptime
| awk '{print $3 " " $4 " " $5}'`</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp; echo
$UPtime</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">&nbsp; echo
your.host.name</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFF00" face="SimSun">档案结束！</font></td>
</tr>
</table>

<p><font color="#000000">在上面的式子中，你可以执行出你所需要的咚咚啰！你也可以将
<a href="../../download/index.php.html#mrtg.person.sh">mrtg.person.sh</a>
这个档案捉下去直接修改！所需要变更的就只有 最后一行的 your.host.name 要改啰！改成您的主机名称吧！并且将这个档案改成可以执行的状态：</font>
<ul><font color="#3333FF" face="SimSun">chmod 755 mrtg.person</font></ul>
<font color="#000000">即可！</font></ul>

<ul><font color="#000000">接下来则是修改 mrtg 的参数档啦！我们可以建立一个名称为
mrtg.cfg.person 的参数档，内容有点像这样！</font>
<br>&nbsp;
<table COLS=1 WIDTH="80%" BGCOLOR="#000000" >
<tr>
<td><font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="SimSun">[root @tsai
root]# vi mrtg.cfg.person</font>
<br><font size=-1 color="#FFFF00" face="SimSun">档案开始：</font>