stdlib.h

在WinAVR下的ST7565圖形點陣的驅動程序

/**
   \c malloc() \ref malloc_tunables "tunable".
*/
extern size_t __malloc_margin;

/**
   \c malloc() \ref malloc_tunables "tunable".
*/
extern char *__malloc_heap_start;

/**
   \c malloc() \ref malloc_tunables "tunable".
*/
extern char *__malloc_heap_end;

/**
   Allocate \c nele elements of \c size each.  Identical to calling
   \c malloc() using <tt>nele * size</tt> as argument, except the
   allocated memory will be cleared to zero.
*/
extern void *calloc(size_t __nele, size_t __size) __ATTR_MALLOC__;

/**
   The realloc() function tries to change the size of the region
   allocated at \c ptr to the new \c size value.  It returns a
   pointer to the new region.  The returned pointer might be the
   same as the old pointer, or a pointer to a completely different
   region.

   The contents of the returned region up to either the old or the new
   size value (whatever is less) will be identical to the contents of
   the old region, even in case a new region had to be allocated.

   It is acceptable to pass \c ptr as NULL, in which case realloc()
   will behave identical to malloc().

   If the new memory cannot be allocated, realloc() returns NULL, and
   the region at \c ptr will not be changed.
*/
extern void *realloc(void *__ptr, size_t __size) __ATTR_MALLOC__;

extern double strtod(const char *__nptr, char **__endptr);

extern double atof(const char *__nptr);

/** Highest number that can be generated by rand(). */
#define	RAND_MAX 0x7FFF

/**
     The rand() function computes a sequence of pseudo-random integers in the
     range of 0 to \c RAND_MAX (as defined by the header file <stdlib.h>).

     The srand() function sets its argument \c seed as the seed for a new
     sequence of pseudo-random numbers to be returned by rand().  These
     sequences are repeatable by calling srand() with the same seed value.

     If no seed value is provided, the functions are automatically seeded with
     a value of 1.

     In compliance with the C standard, these functions operate on
     \c int arguments.  Since the underlying algorithm already uses
     32-bit calculations, this causes a loss of precision.  See
     \c random() for an alternate set of functions that retains full
     32-bit precision.
*/
extern int rand(void);
/**
   Pseudo-random number generator seeding; see rand().
*/
extern void srand(unsigned int __seed);

/**
   Variant of rand() that stores the context in the user-supplied
   variable located at \c ctx instead of a static library variable
   so the function becomes re-entrant.
*/
extern int rand_r(unsigned long *__ctx);
/*@}*/

/*@{*/
/** \name Non-standard (i.e. non-ISO C) functions.
 \ingroup avr_stdlib
*/
/**
   \brief Convert an integer to a string.

   The function itoa() converts the integer value from \c val into an
   ASCII representation that will be stored under \c s.  The caller
   is responsible for providing sufficient storage in \c s.

   \note The minimal size of the buffer \c s depends on the choice of
   radix. For example, if the radix is 2 (binary), you need to supply a buffer
   with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (int) + 1 characters, i.e. one
   character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger
   radix will require a smaller minimal buffer size.

   \warning If the buffer is too small, you risk a buffer overflow.

   Conversion is done using the \c radix as base, which may be a
   number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to 36.  If \c radix
   is greater than 10, the next digit after \c '9' will be the letter
   \c 'a'.
    
    If radix is 10 and val is negative, a minus sign will be prepended.

   The itoa() function returns the pointer passed as \c s.
*/
extern char *itoa(int __val, char *__s, int __radix);

/**
 \ingroup avr_stdlib
 
   \brief Convert a long integer to a string.

   The function ltoa() converts the long integer value from \c val into an
   ASCII representation that will be stored under \c s.  The caller
   is responsible for providing sufficient storage in \c s.

   \note The minimal size of the buffer \c s depends on the choice of
   radix. For example, if the radix is 2 (binary), you need to supply a buffer
   with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (long int) + 1 characters, i.e. one
   character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger
   radix will require a smaller minimal buffer size.

   \warning If the buffer is too small, you risk a buffer overflow.

   Conversion is done using the \c radix as base, which may be a
   number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to 36.  If \c radix
   is greater than 10, the next digit after \c '9' will be the letter
   \c 'a'.

   If radix is 10 and val is negative, a minus sign will be prepended.

   The ltoa() function returns the pointer passed as \c s.
*/
extern char *ltoa(long int __val, char *__s, int __radix);

/**
 \ingroup avr_stdlib

   \brief Convert an unsigned integer to a string.

   The function utoa() converts the unsigned integer value from \c val into an
   ASCII representation that will be stored under \c s.  The caller
   is responsible for providing sufficient storage in \c s.

   \note The minimal size of the buffer \c s depends on the choice of
   radix. For example, if the radix is 2 (binary), you need to supply a buffer
   with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (unsigned int) + 1 characters, i.e. one
   character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger
   radix will require a smaller minimal buffer size.

   \warning If the buffer is too small, you risk a buffer overflow.

   Conversion is done using the \c radix as base, which may be a
   number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to 36.  If \c radix
   is greater than 10, the next digit after \c '9' will be the letter
   \c 'a'.

   The utoa() function returns the pointer passed as \c s.
*/
extern char *utoa(unsigned int __val, char *__s, int __radix);

/**
 \ingroup avr_stdlib
   \brief Convert an unsigned long integer to a string.

   The function ultoa() converts the unsigned long integer value from
   \c val into an
   ASCII representation that will be stored under \c s.  The caller
   is responsible for providing sufficient storage in \c s.

   \note The minimal size of the buffer \c s depends on the choice of
   radix. For example, if the radix is 2 (binary), you need to supply a buffer
   with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (unsigned long int) + 1 characters,
   i.e. one character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a
   larger radix will require a smaller minimal buffer size.

   \warning If the buffer is too small, you risk a buffer overflow.

   Conversion is done using the \c radix as base, which may be a
   number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to 36.  If \c radix
   is greater than 10, the next digit after \c '9' will be the letter
   \c 'a'.

   The ultoa() function returns the pointer passed as \c s.
*/
extern char *ultoa(unsigned long int __val, char *__s, int __radix);

/**  \ingroup avr_stdlib
Highest number that can be generated by random(). */
#define	RANDOM_MAX 0x7FFFFFFF

/**
 \ingroup avr_stdlib
     The random() function computes a sequence of pseudo-random integers in the
     range of 0 to \c RANDOM_MAX (as defined by the header file <stdlib.h>).

     The srandom() function sets its argument \c seed as the seed for a new
     sequence of pseudo-random numbers to be returned by rand().  These
     sequences are repeatable by calling srandom() with the same seed value.

     If no seed value is provided, the functions are automatically seeded with
     a value of 1.
*/
extern long random(void);
/**
 \ingroup avr_stdlib
   Pseudo-random number generator seeding; see random().
*/
extern void srandom(unsigned long __seed);

/**
 \ingroup avr_stdlib
   Variant of random() that stores the context in the user-supplied
   variable located at \c ctx instead of a static library variable
   so the function becomes re-entrant.
*/
extern long random_r(unsigned long *__ctx);
#endif /* __ASSEMBLER */
/*@}*/

/*@{*/
/** \name Conversion functions for double arguments.
 \ingroup avr_stdlib
 Note that these functions are not located in the default library,
 <tt>libc.a</tt>, but in the mathematical library, <tt>libm.a</tt>.
 So when linking the application, the \c -lm option needs to be
 specified.
*/
/** \ingroup avr_stdlib
    Bit value that can be passed in \c flags to dtostre(). */
#define DTOSTR_ALWAYS_SIGN 0x01        /* put '+' or ' ' for positives */
/** \ingroup avr_stdlib
    Bit value that can be passed in \c flags to dtostre(). */
#define DTOSTR_PLUS_SIGN   0x02        /* put '+' rather than ' ' */
/** \ingroup avr_stdlib
    Bit value that can be passed in \c flags to dtostre(). */
#define DTOSTR_UPPERCASE   0x04        /* put 'E' rather 'e' */

#ifndef __ASSEMBLER__

/**
   \ingroup avr_stdlib
   The dtostre() function converts the double value passed in \c val into
   an ASCII representation that will be stored under \c s.  The caller
   is responsible for providing sufficient storage in \c s.

   Conversion is done in the format \c "[-]d.ddde眃d" where there is
   one digit before the decimal-point character and the number of
   digits after it is equal to the precision \c prec; if the precision
   is zero, no decimal-point character appears.  If \c flags has the
   DTOSTRE_UPPERCASE bit set, the letter \c 'E' (rather than \c 'e' ) will be
   used to introduce the exponent.  The exponent always contains two
   digits; if the value is zero, the exponent is \c "00".

   If \c flags has the DTOSTRE_ALWAYS_SIGN bit set, a space character
   will be placed into the leading position for positive numbers.

   If \c flags has the DTOSTRE_PLUS_SIGN bit set, a plus sign will be
   used instead of a space character in this case.

   The dtostre() function returns the pointer to the converted string \c s.
*/
extern char *dtostre(double __val, char *__s, unsigned char __prec,
		     unsigned char __flags);

/**
   \ingroup avr_stdlib
   The dtostrf() function converts the double value passed in \c val into
   an ASCII representationthat will be stored under \c s.  The caller
   is responsible for providing sufficient storage in \c s.

   Conversion is done in the format \c "[-]d.ddd".  The minimum field
   width of the output string (including the \c '.' and the possible
   sign for negative values) is given in \c width, and \c prec determines
   the number of digits after the decimal sign. \c width is signed value,
   negative for left adjustment.

   The dtostrf() function returns the pointer to the converted string \c s.
*/
extern char *dtostrf(double __val, signed char __width,
                     unsigned char __prec, char *__s);

/*@}*/

#if 0  /* not yet implemented */
extern int atexit(void (*)(void));
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* __ASSEMBLER */

#endif /* _STDLIB_H_ */