stdio.h

在WinAVR下的ST7565圖形點陣的驅動程序

    stream object. */
#define fdev_get_udata(stream) ((stream)->udata)

#if defined(__DOXYGEN__)
/**
   \brief Setup a user-supplied buffer as an stdio stream

   This macro takes a user-supplied buffer \c stream, and sets it up
   as a stream that is valid for stdio operations, similar to one that
   has been obtained dynamically from fdevopen(). The buffer to setup
   must be of type FILE.

   The arguments \c put and \c get are identical to those that need to
   be passed to fdevopen().

   The \c rwflag argument can take one of the values _FDEV_SETUP_READ,
   _FDEV_SETUP_WRITE, or _FDEV_SETUP_RW, for read, write, or read/write
   intent, respectively.

   \note No assignments to the standard streams will be performed by
   fdev_setup_stream().  If standard streams are to be used, these
   need to be assigned by the user.  See also under
   \ref stdio_without_malloc "Running stdio without malloc()".
 */
#define fdev_setup_stream(stream, put, get, rwflag)
#else  /* !DOXYGEN */
#define fdev_setup_stream(stream, p, g, f) \
	do { \
		(stream)->put = p; \
		(stream)->get = g; \
		(stream)->flags = f; \
		(stream)->udata = 0; \
	} while(0)
#endif /* DOXYGEN */

#define _FDEV_SETUP_READ  __SRD	/**< fdev_setup_stream() with read intent */
#define _FDEV_SETUP_WRITE __SWR	/**< fdev_setup_stream() with write intent */
#define _FDEV_SETUP_RW    (__SRD|__SWR)	/**< fdev_setup_stream() with read/write intent */

/**
 * Return code for an error condition during device read.
 *
 * To be used in the get function of fdevopen().
 */
#define _FDEV_ERR (-1)

/**
 * Return code for an end-of-file condition during device read.
 *
 * To be used in the get function of fdevopen().
 */
#define _FDEV_EOF (-2)

#if defined(__DOXYGEN__)
/**
   \brief Initializer for a user-supplied stdio stream

   This macro acts similar to fdev_setup_stream(), but it is to be
   used as the initializer of a variable of type FILE.

   The remaining arguments are to be used as explained in
   fdev_setup_stream().
 */
#define FDEV_SETUP_STREAM(put, get, rwflag)
#else  /* !DOXYGEN */
#define FDEV_SETUP_STREAM(p, g, f) \
	{ \
		.put = p, \
		.get = g, \
		.flags = f, \
		.udata = 0, \
	}
#endif /* DOXYGEN */

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#if !defined(__DOXYGEN__)
/*
 * Doxygen documentation can be found in fdevopen.c.
 */

extern struct __file *__iob[];

#if defined(__STDIO_FDEVOPEN_COMPAT_12)
/*
 * Declare prototype for the discontinued version of fdevopen() that
 * has been in use up to avr-libc 1.2.x.  The new implementation has
 * some backwards compatibility with the old version.
 */
extern FILE *fdevopen(int (*__put)(char), int (*__get)(void),
                      int __opts __attribute__((unused)));
#else  /* !defined(__STDIO_FDEVOPEN_COMPAT_12) */
/* New prototype for avr-libc 1.4 and above. */
extern FILE *fdevopen(int (*__put)(char, FILE*), int (*__get)(FILE*));
#endif /* defined(__STDIO_FDEVOPEN_COMPAT_12) */

#endif /* not __DOXYGEN__ */

/**
   This function closes \c stream, and disallows and further
   IO to and from it.

   When using fdevopen() to setup the stream, a call to fclose() is
   needed in order to free the internal resources allocated.

   If the stream has been set up using fdev_setup_stream() or
   FDEV_SETUP_STREAM(), use fdev_close() instead.

   It currently always returns 0 (for success).
*/
extern int	fclose(FILE *__stream);

/**
   This macro frees up any library resources that might be associated
   with \c stream.  It should be called if \c stream is no longer
   needed, right before the application is going to destroy the
   \c stream object itself.

   (Currently, this macro evaluates to nothing, but this might change
   in future versions of the library.)
*/
#if defined(__DOXYGEN__)
# define fdev_close()
#else
# define fdev_close() ((void)0)
#endif

/**
   \c vfprintf is the central facility of the \c printf family of
   functions.  It outputs values to \c stream under control of a
   format string passed in \c fmt.  The actual values to print are
   passed as a variable argument list \c ap.

   \c vfprintf returns the number of characters written to \c stream,
   or \c EOF in case of an error.  Currently, this will only happen
   if \c stream has not been opened with write intent.

   The format string is composed of zero or more directives: ordinary
   characters (not \c %), which are copied unchanged to the output
   stream; and conversion specifications, each of which results in
   fetching zero or more subsequent arguments.  Each conversion
   specification is introduced by the \c % character.  The arguments must
   properly correspond (after type promotion) with the conversion
   specifier.  After the \c %, the following appear in sequence:

   - Zero or more of the following flags:
      <ul>
      <li> \c # The value should be converted to an "alternate form".  For
            c, d, i, s, and u conversions, this option has no effect.
            For o conversions, the precision of the number is
            increased to force the first character of the output
            string to a zero (except if a zero value is printed with
            an explicit precision of zero).  For x and X conversions,
            a non-zero result has the string `0x' (or `0X' for X
            conversions) prepended to it.</li>
      <li> \c 0 (zero) Zero padding.  For all conversions, the converted
            value is padded on the left with zeros rather than blanks.
            If a precision is given with a numeric conversion (d, i,
            o, u, i, x, and X), the 0 flag is ignored.</li>
      <li> \c - A negative field width flag; the converted value is to be
            left adjusted on the field boundary.  The converted value
            is padded on the right with blanks, rather than on the
            left with blanks or zeros.  A - overrides a 0 if both are
            given.</li>
      <li> ' ' (space) A blank should be left before a positive number
            produced by a signed conversion (d, or i).</li>
      <li> \c + A sign must always be placed before a number produced by a
            signed conversion.  A + overrides a space if both are
            used.</li>
      </ul>
      
   -   An optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum field width.
       If the converted value has fewer characters than the field width, it
       will be padded with spaces on the left (or right, if the left-adjustment
       flag has been given) to fill out the field width.
   -   An optional precision, in the form of a period . followed by an
       optional digit string.  If the digit string is omitted, the
       precision is taken as zero.  This gives the minimum number of
       digits to appear for d, i, o, u, x, and X conversions, or the
       maximum number of characters to be printed from a string for \c s
       conversions.
   -   An optional \c l or \c h length modifier, that specifies that the
       argument for the d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion is a \c "long int"
       rather than \c int. The \c h is ignored, as \c "short int" is
       equivalent to \c int.
   -   A character that specifies the type of conversion to be applied.

   The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:

   - \c diouxX The int (or appropriate variant) argument is converted
           to signed decimal (d and i), unsigned octal (o), unsigned
           decimal (u), or unsigned hexadecimal (x and X) notation.
           The letters "abcdef" are used for x conversions; the
           letters "ABCDEF" are used for X conversions.  The
           precision, if any, gives the minimum number of digits that
           must appear; if the converted value requires fewer digits,
           it is padded on the left with zeros.
   - \c p  The <tt>void *</tt> argument is taken as an unsigned integer,
           and converted similarly as a <tt>%\#x</tt> command would do.
   - \c c  The \c int argument is converted to an \c "unsigned char", and the
           resulting character is written.
   - \c s  The \c "char *" argument is expected to be a pointer to an array
           of character type (pointer to a string).  Characters from
           the array are written up to (but not including) a
           terminating NUL character; if a precision is specified, no
           more than the number specified are written.  If a precision
           is given, no null character need be present; if the
           precision is not specified, or is greater than the size of
           the array, the array must contain a terminating NUL
           character.
   - \c %  A \c % is written.  No argument is converted.  The complete
           conversion specification is "%%".
   - \c eE The double argument is rounded and converted in the format
           \c "[-]d.ddde眃d" where there is one digit before the
           decimal-point character and the number of digits after it
           is equal to the precision; if the precision is missing, it
           is taken as 6; if the precision is zero, no decimal-point
           character appears.  An \e E conversion uses the letter \c 'E'
           (rather than \c 'e') to introduce the exponent.  The exponent
           always contains two digits; if the value is zero,
           the exponent is 00.
   - \c fF The double argument is rounded and converted to decimal notation
           in the format \c "[-]ddd.ddd", where the number of digits after the
           decimal-point character is equal to the precision specification.
           If the precision is missing, it is taken as 6; if the precision
           is explicitly zero, no decimal-point character appears.  If a
           decimal point appears, at least one digit appears before it.
   - \c gG The double argument is converted in style \c f or \c e (or
           \c F or \c E for \c G conversions).  The precision
           specifies the number of significant digits.  If the
           precision is missing, 6 digits are given; if the precision
           is zero, it is treated as 1.  Style \c e is used if the
           exponent from its conversion is less than -4 or greater
           than or equal to the precision.  Trailing zeros are removed
           from the fractional part of the result; a decimal point
           appears only if it is followed by at least one digit.
   - \c S  Similar to the \c s format, except the pointer is expected to
           point to a program-memory (ROM) string instead of a RAM string.

   In no case does a non-existent or small field width cause truncation of a
   numeric field; if the result of a conversion is wider than the field
   width, the field is expanded to contain the conversion result.

   Since the full implementation of all the mentioned features becomes
   fairly large, three different flavours of vfprintf() can be
   selected using linker options.  The default vfprintf() implements
   all the mentioned functionality except floating point conversions.
   A minimized version of vfprintf() is available that only implements
   the very basic integer and string conversion facilities, but only
   the \c # additional option can be specified using conversion
   flags (these flags are parsed correctly from the format
   specification, but then simply ignored).  This version can be
   requested using the following \ref gcc_minusW "compiler options":

   \code
   -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min
   \endcode

   If the full functionality including the floating point conversions
   is required, the following options should be used:

   \code
   -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt -lm
   \endcode

   \par Limitations:
   - The specified width and precision can be at most 255.

   \par Notes:
   - For floating-point conversions, if you link default or minimized
     version of vfprintf(), the symbol \c ? will be output and double
     argument will be skiped. So you output below will not be crashed.
     For default version the width field and the "pad to left" ( symbol
     minus ) option will work in this case.
   - The \c hh length modifier is ignored (\c char argument is
     promouted to \c int). More exactly, this realization does not check
     the number of \c h symbols.
   - But the \c ll length modifier will to abort the output, as this
     realization does not operate \c long \c long arguments.
   - The variable width or precision field (an asterisk \c * symbol)
     is not realized and will to abort the output.

 */

extern int	vfprintf(FILE *__stream, const char *__fmt, va_list __ap);

/**
   Variant of \c vfprintf() that uses a \c fmt string that resides
   in program memory.
*/
extern int	vfprintf_P(FILE *__stream, const char *__fmt, va_list __ap);

/**
   The function \c fputc sends the character \c c (though given as type
   \c int) to \c stream.  It returns the character, or \c EOF in case
   an error occurred.
*/
extern int	fputc(int __c, FILE *__stream);

#if !defined(__DOXYGEN__)

/* putc() function implementation, required by standard */
extern int	putc(int __c, FILE *__stream);

/* putchar() function implementation, required by standard */
extern int	putchar(int __c);

#endif /* not __DOXYGEN__ */

/**
   The macro \c putc used to be a "fast" macro implementation with a
   functionality identical to fputc().  For space constraints, in
   \c avr-libc, it is just an alias for \c fputc.
*/
#define putc(__c, __stream) fputc(__c, __stream)

/**
   The macro \c putchar sends character \c c to \c stdout.
*/