4.txt

This complete matlab for neural network

发信人: ashun (阿顺), 信区: DataMining
标  题: 数据挖掘术语简介（四） 
发信站: 南京大学小百合站 (Thu Aug 30 12:10:14 2001)

data 

Values collected through record keeping or by polling, observing, or measuring
, typically organized for analysis or decision making. More simply, data is fa
cts, transactions and figures.

data format 

Data items can exist in many formats such as text, integer and floating-point 
decimal. Data format refers to the form of the data in the database.

data mining 

An information extraction activity whose goal is to discover hidden facts cont
ained in databases. Using a combination of machine learning, statistical analy
sis, modeling techniques and database technology, data mining finds patterns a
nd subtle relationships in data and infers rules that allow the prediction of 
future results. Typical applications include market segmentation, customer pro
filing, fraud detection, evaluation of retail promotions, and credit risk anal
ysis.

data mining method 

Procedures and algorithms designed to analyze the data in databases.

DBMS 

Database management systems.

decision tree 

A tree-like way of representing a collection of hierarchical rules that lead t
o a class or value.

deduction 

Deduction infers information that is a logical consequence of the data.

degree of fit 

A measure of how closely the model fits the training data. A common measure is
 r-square.

dependent variable 

The dependent variables (outputs or responses) of a model are the variables pr
edicted by the equation or rules of the model using the independent variables 
(inputs or predictors).

deployment 

After the model is trained and validated, it is used to analyze new data and m
ake predictions. This use of the model is called deployment.

dimension 

Each attribute of a case or occurrence in the data being mined. Stored as a fi
eld in a flat file record or a column of relational database table.

discrete 

A data item that has a finite set of values. Discrete is the opposite of conti
nuous.

discriminant analysis 

A statistical method based on maximum likelihood for determining boundaries th
at separate the data into categories. 

entropy 

A way to measure variability other than the variance statistic. Some decision 
trees split the data into groups based on minimum entropy.

exploratory analysis 

Looking at data to discover relationships not previously detected. Exploratory
 analysis tools typically assist the user in creating tables and graphical dis
plays.

external data 

Data not collected by the organization, such as data available from a referenc
e book, a government source or a proprietary database. 
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feed-forward 

A neural net in which the signals only flow in one direction, from the inputs 
to the outputs.

fuzzy logic 

Fuzzy logic is applied to fuzzy sets where membership in a fuzzy set is a prob
ability, not necessarily 0 or 1. Non-fuzzy logic manipulates outcomes that are
 either true or false. Fuzzy logic needs to be able to manipulate degrees of "
maybe" in addition to true and false. 
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