osscan.cc

Ubuntu packages of security software。 相当不错的源码

/***************************************************************************
 * osscan.cc -- Routines used for OS detection via TCP/IP fingerprinting.  *
 * For more information on how this works in Nmap, see my paper at         *
 * http://www.insecure.org/osdetect/                                       *
 *                                                                         *
 ***********************IMPORTANT NMAP LICENSE TERMS************************
 *                                                                         *
 * The Nmap Security Scanner is (C) 1996-2008 Insecure.Com LLC. Nmap is    *
 * also a registered trademark of Insecure.Com LLC.  This program is free  *
 * software; you may redistribute and/or modify it under the terms of the  *
 * GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software            *
 * Foundation; Version 2 with the clarifications and exceptions described  *
 * below.  This guarantees your right to use, modify, and redistribute     *
 * this software under certain conditions.  If you wish to embed Nmap      *
 * technology into proprietary software, we sell alternative licenses      *
 * (contact [e-mail]).  Dozens of software vendors already       *
 * license Nmap technology such as host discovery, port scanning, OS       *
 * detection, and version detection.                                       *
 *                                                                         *
 * Note that the GPL places important restrictions on "derived works", yet *
 * it does not provide a detailed definition of that term.  To avoid       *
 * misunderstandings, we consider an application to constitute a           *
 * "derivative work" for the purpose of this license if it does any of the *
 * following:                                                              *
 * o Integrates source code from Nmap                                      *
 * o Reads or includes Nmap copyrighted data files, such as                *
 *   nmap-os-fingerprints or nmap-service-probes.                          *
 * o Executes Nmap and parses the results (as opposed to typical shell or  *
 *   execution-menu apps, which simply display raw Nmap output and so are  *
 *   not derivative works.)                                                * 
 * o Integrates/includes/aggregates Nmap into a proprietary executable     *
 *   installer, such as those produced by InstallShield.                   *
 * o Links to a library or executes a program that does any of the above   *
 *                                                                         *
 * The term "Nmap" should be taken to also include any portions or derived *
 * works of Nmap.  This list is not exclusive, but is just meant to        *
 * clarify our interpretation of derived works with some common examples.  *
 * These restrictions only apply when you actually redistribute Nmap.  For *
 * example, nothing stops you from writing and selling a proprietary       *
 * front-end to Nmap.  Just distribute it by itself, and point people to   *
 * http://insecure.org/nmap/ to download Nmap.                             *
 *                                                                         *
 * We don't consider these to be added restrictions on top of the GPL, but *
 * just a clarification of how we interpret "derived works" as it applies  *
 * to our GPL-licensed Nmap product.  This is similar to the way Linus     *
 * Torvalds has announced his interpretation of how "derived works"        *
 * applies to Linux kernel modules.  Our interpretation refers only to     *
 * Nmap - we don't speak for any other GPL products.                       *
 *                                                                         *
 * If you have any questions about the GPL licensing restrictions on using *
 * Nmap in non-GPL works, we would be happy to help.  As mentioned above,  *
 * we also offer alternative license to integrate Nmap into proprietary    *
 * applications and appliances.  These contracts have been sold to dozens  *
 * of software vendors, and generally include a perpetual license as well  *
 * as providing for priority support and updates as well as helping to     *
 * fund the continued development of Nmap technology.  Please email        *
 * [e-mail] for further information.                             *
 *                                                                         *
 * As a special exception to the GPL terms, Insecure.Com LLC grants        *
 * permission to link the code of this program with any version of the     *
 * OpenSSL library which is distributed under a license identical to that  *
 * listed in the included Copying.OpenSSL file, and distribute linked      *
 * combinations including the two. You must obey the GNU GPL in all        *
 * respects for all of the code used other than OpenSSL.  If you modify    *
 * this file, you may extend this exception to your version of the file,   *
 * but you are not obligated to do so.                                     *
 *                                                                         *
 * If you received these files with a written license agreement or         *
 * contract stating terms other than the terms above, then that            *
 * alternative license agreement takes precedence over these comments.     *
 *                                                                         *
 * Source is provided to this software because we believe users have a     *
 * right to know exactly what a program is going to do before they run it. *
 * This also allows you to audit the software for security holes (none     *
 * have been found so far).                                                *
 *                                                                         *
 * Source code also allows you to port Nmap to new platforms, fix bugs,    *
 * and add new features.  You are highly encouraged to send your changes   *
 * to [e-mail] for possible incorporation into the main         *
 * distribution.  By sending these changes to Fyodor or one the            *
 * Insecure.Org development mailing lists, it is assumed that you are      *
 * offering Fyodor and Insecure.Com LLC the unlimited, non-exclusive right *
 * to reuse, modify, and relicense the code.  Nmap will always be          *
 * available Open Source, but this is important because the inability to   *
 * relicense code has caused devastating problems for other Free Software  *
 * projects (such as KDE and NASM).  We also occasionally relicense the    *
 * code to third parties as discussed above.  If you wish to specify       *
 * special license conditions of your contributions, just say so when you  *
 * send them.                                                              *
 *                                                                         *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but     *
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              *
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU       *
 * General Public License for more details at                              *
 * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html , or in the COPYING file included  *
 * with Nmap.                                                              *
 *                                                                         *
 ***************************************************************************/

/* $Id: osscan.cc 6633 2007-12-22 06:32:03Z fyodor $ */

#include "osscan.h"
#include "timing.h"
#include "NmapOps.h"
#include "nmap_tty.h"
#include "charpool.h"
#include "Target.h"
#include "nmap_error.h"
#include "utils.h"

#if TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
# include <sys/time.h>
# include <time.h>
#else
# if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#  include <sys/time.h>
# else
#  include <time.h>
# endif
#endif

#include <list>

extern NmapOps o;

// Prints a note if observedFP has a classification and it is not in referenceFP
// Returns 0 if they match, nonzero otherwise
static int compareclassifications(FingerPrint *referenceFP, 
				  FingerPrint *observedFP, bool verbose) {
  int refclassno;
  struct OS_Classification *obclass, *refclass;
  if (observedFP->num_OS_Classifications > 0) {
    obclass = &(observedFP->OS_class[0]);
    for(refclassno = 0; refclassno < referenceFP->num_OS_Classifications; refclassno++) {
      refclass = &(referenceFP->OS_class[refclassno]);
      if (strcmp(obclass->OS_Vendor, refclass->OS_Vendor) == 0 &&
	  strcmp(obclass->OS_Family, refclass->OS_Family) == 0 &&
	  strcmp(obclass->Device_Type, refclass->Device_Type) == 0 &&
	  (obclass->OS_Generation == refclass->OS_Generation ||
	   (obclass->OS_Generation != NULL && refclass->OS_Generation != NULL && 
	    strcmp(obclass->OS_Generation, refclass->OS_Generation) == 0))) {
	// A match!  lets get out of here
	return 0;
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (verbose)
      log_write(LOG_PLAIN, "Observed fingerprint lacks a classification\n");
    return 1;
  }
  if (verbose)
    log_write(LOG_PLAIN, "[WARN] Classification of observed fingerprint does not appear in reference fingerprint.\n");
  return 1;
}

static struct AVal *getattrbyname(struct AVal *AV, const char *name) {
  if (!AV) return NULL;
  do {
    if (!strcmp(AV->attribute, name))
      return AV;
    AV = AV->next;
  } while(AV);
  return NULL;
}

static struct AVal *gettestbyname(FingerPrint *FP, const char *name) {

  if (!FP) return NULL;
  do {
    if (!strcmp(FP->name, name))
      return FP->results;
    FP = FP->next;
  } while(FP);
  return NULL;
}

/* Returns true if perfect match -- if num_subtests &
   num_subtests_succeeded are non_null it ADDS THE NEW VALUES to what
   is already there.  So initialize them to zero first if you only
   want to see the results from this match.  if shortcircuit is zero,
   it does all the tests, otherwise it returns when the first one
   fails.  If you want details of the match process printed, pass n
   onzero for 'verbose'.  If points is non-null, it is examined to
   find the number of points for each test in the fprint AVal and use
   that the increment num_subtests and num_subtests_succeeded
   appropriately.  If it is NULL, each test is worth 1 point.  In that
   case, you may also pass in the group name (SEQ, T1, etc) to have
   that extra info printed.  If you pass 0 for verbose, you might as
   well pass NULL for testGroupName as it won't be used. */
static int AVal_match(struct AVal *reference, struct AVal *fprint, struct AVal *points,
		      unsigned long *num_subtests, 
		      unsigned long *num_subtests_succeeded, int shortcut,
		      int verbose, const char *testGroupName) {
  struct AVal *current_ref;
  struct AVal *current_fp;
  struct AVal *current_points;
  unsigned int number, number1;
  unsigned int val;
  char *p, *q, *q1;  /* OHHHH YEEEAAAAAHHHH!#!@#$!% */
  char valcpy[512];
  char *endptr;
  int andexp, orexp, expchar, numtrue;
  int testfailed;
  int subtests = 0, subtests_succeeded=0;
  int pointsThisTest = 1;


  for(current_ref = reference; current_ref; current_ref = current_ref->next) {
    current_fp = getattrbyname(fprint, current_ref->attribute);    
    if (!current_fp) continue;
    /* OK, we compare an attribute value in  current_fp->value to a 
       potentially large expression in current_ref->value.  The syntax
       uses < (less than), > (greather than), + (non-zero), | (or), -
       (range), and & (and).  No parenthesis are allowed */
    numtrue = andexp = orexp = 0; testfailed = 0;
    Strncpy(valcpy, current_ref->value, sizeof(valcpy));
    p = valcpy;
    if (strchr(current_ref->value, '|')) {
      orexp = 1; expchar = '|';
    } else {
      andexp = 1; expchar = '&';
    }
    do {
      q = strchr(p, expchar);
      if (q) *q = '\0';
      if (strcmp(p, "+") == 0) {
	if (!*current_fp->value) { if (andexp) { testfailed=1; break; } }
	else {
	  val = strtol(current_fp->value, &endptr, 16);
	  if (val == 0 || *endptr) { if (andexp) { testfailed=1; break; } }
	  else { numtrue++; if (orexp) break; }
	}
      } else if (*p == '<' && isxdigit((int) p[1])) {
	if (!*current_fp->value) { if (andexp) { testfailed=1; break; } }
	number = strtol(p + 1, &endptr, 16);
	val = strtol(current_fp->value, &endptr, 16);
	if (val >= number || *endptr) { if (andexp)  { testfailed=1; break; } }
	else { numtrue++; if (orexp) break; }
      } else if (*p == '>' && isxdigit((int) p[1])) {
	if (!*current_fp->value) { if (andexp) { testfailed=1; break; } }
	number = strtol(p + 1, &endptr, 16);
	val = strtol(current_fp->value, &endptr, 16);
	if (val <= number || *endptr) { if (andexp) { testfailed=1; break; } }
	else { numtrue++; if (orexp) break; }
      } else if (((q1 = strchr(p, '-')) != NULL) && isxdigit((int) p[0]) && isxdigit((int) q1[1])) {
		if (!*current_fp->value) { if (andexp) { testfailed=1; break; } }
		*q1 = '\0'; number = strtol(p, NULL, 16);
		number1 = strtol(q1 + 1, NULL, 16);
		if(number1 < number && o.debugging) {
		  error("Range error in reference aval: %s=%s", current_ref->attribute, current_ref->value);
      }
		val = strtol(current_fp->value, &endptr, 16);
		if (val < number || val > number1 || *endptr) { if (andexp)  { testfailed=1; break; } }
		else { numtrue++; if (orexp) break; }
	  } else {
	if (strcmp(p, current_fp->value))
	  { if (andexp) { testfailed=1; break; } }
	else { numtrue++; if (orexp) break; }
      }
      if (q) p = q + 1;
    } while(q);
      if (numtrue == 0) testfailed=1;
      if (points) {
	 current_points = getattrbyname(points, current_ref->attribute);
	 if (!current_points) fatal("%s: Failed to find point amount for test %s.%s", __func__, testGroupName? testGroupName : "", current_ref->attribute);
	 pointsThisTest = strtol(current_points->value, &endptr, 10);
	 if (pointsThisTest < 1)
	   fatal("%s: Got bogus point amount (%s) for test %s.%s", __func__, current_points->value, testGroupName? testGroupName : "", current_ref->attribute);
      }
      subtests += pointsThisTest;
      if (testfailed) {
	if (shortcut) {
	  if (num_subtests) *num_subtests += subtests;
	  return 0;
	}
	if (verbose) 
	  log_write(LOG_PLAIN, "%s.%s: \"%s\" NOMATCH \"%s\" (%d %s)\n", testGroupName, 
		    current_ref->attribute, current_fp->value, 
		    current_ref->value, pointsThisTest, (pointsThisTest == 1)? "point" : "points");
      } else subtests_succeeded += pointsThisTest;
      /* Whew, we made it past one Attribute alive , on to the next! */
  }
  if (num_subtests) *num_subtests += subtests;
  if (num_subtests_succeeded) *num_subtests_succeeded += subtests_succeeded;
  return (subtests == subtests_succeeded)? 1 : 0;
}

/* Compares 2 fingerprints -- a referenceFP (can have expression
   attributes) with an observed fingerprint (no expressions).  If
   verbose is nonzero, differences will be printed.  The comparison
   accuracy (between 0 and 1) is returned).  If MatchPoints is not NULL, it is 
   a special "fingerprints" which tells how many points each test is worth. */
double compare_fingerprints(FingerPrint *referenceFP, FingerPrint *observedFP,
			    FingerPrint *MatchPoints, int verbose) {
  FingerPrint *currentReferenceTest;
  struct AVal *currentObservedTest;
  struct AVal *currentTestMatchPoints;
  unsigned long num_subtests = 0, num_subtests_succeeded = 0;
  unsigned long  new_subtests, new_subtests_succeeded;
  assert(referenceFP);
  assert(observedFP);

  if (verbose) compareclassifications(referenceFP, observedFP, true);

  for(currentReferenceTest = referenceFP; currentReferenceTest; 
      currentReferenceTest = currentReferenceTest->next) {
    currentObservedTest = gettestbyname(observedFP, currentReferenceTest->name);
    if (currentObservedTest) {
      new_subtests = new_subtests_succeeded = 0;
      if (MatchPoints) {
	currentTestMatchPoints = gettestbyname(MatchPoints, currentReferenceTest->name);
	if (!currentTestMatchPoints)
	  fatal("%s: Failed to locate test %s in MatchPoints directive of fingerprint file", __func__, currentReferenceTest->name);
      } else currentTestMatchPoints = NULL;

      AVal_match(currentReferenceTest->results, currentObservedTest, currentTestMatchPoints,
		 &new_subtests, &new_subtests_succeeded, 0, verbose, currentReferenceTest->name);
      num_subtests += new_subtests;
      num_subtests_succeeded += new_subtests_succeeded;
    }
  }

  assert(num_subtests_succeeded <= num_subtests);
  return (num_subtests)? (num_subtests_succeeded / (double) num_subtests) : 0; 
}

/* Takes a fingerprint and looks for matches inside the passed in
   reference fingerprint DB.  The results are stored in in FPR (which
   must point to an instantiated FingerPrintResults class) -- results
   will be reverse-sorted by accuracy.  No results below
   accuracy_threshhold will be included.  The max matches returned is
   the maximum that fits in a FingerPrintResults class.  */
void match_fingerprint(FingerPrint *FP, FingerPrintResults *FPR, 
		      FingerPrintDB *DB, double accuracy_threshold) {

  int i;
  double FPR_entrance_requirement = accuracy_threshold; /* accuracy must be 
							   at least this big 
							   to be added to the 
							   list */
  FingerPrint **reference_FPs = DB->prints;
  FingerPrint *current_os;
  double acc;
  int state;
  int skipfp;
  int max_prints = sizeof(FPR->prints) / sizeof(FingerPrint *);
  int idx;
  double tmp_acc=0.0, tmp_acc2; /* These are temp buffers for list swaps */
  FingerPrint *tmp_FP=NULL, *tmp_FP2;

  assert(FP);
  assert(FPR);
  assert(accuracy_threshold >= 0 && accuracy_threshold <= 1);

  FPR->overall_results = OSSCAN_SUCCESS;
  
  for(i = 0; reference_FPs[i]; i++) {
    current_os = reference_FPs[i];
    skipfp = 0;

    acc = compare_fingerprints(current_os, FP, DB->MatchPoints, 0);

    /*    error("Comp to %s: %li/%li=%f", o.reference_FPs1[i]->OS_name, num_subtests_succeeded, num_subtests, acc); */
    if (acc >= FPR_entrance_requirement || acc == 1.0) {

      state = 0;
      for(idx=0; idx < FPR->num_matches; idx++) {	
	if (strcmp(FPR->prints[idx]->OS_name, current_os->OS_name) == 0) {
	  if (FPR->accuracy[idx] >= acc) {
	    skipfp = 1; /* Skip it -- a higher version is already in list */
	  } else {	  
	    /* We must shift the list left to delete this sucker */
	    memmove(FPR->prints + idx, FPR->prints + idx + 1,
		    (FPR->num_matches - 1 - idx) * sizeof(FingerPrint *));
	    memmove(FPR->accuracy + idx, FPR->accuracy + idx + 1,
		    (FPR->num_matches - 1 - idx) * sizeof(double));
	    FPR->num_matches--;
	    FPR->accuracy[FPR->num_matches] = 0;
	  }
	  break; /* There can only be 1 in the list with same name */
	}
      }

      if (!skipfp) {