tclwinpipe.c

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 *	executable name.
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return value is TCL_ERROR and an error message is left in
 *	the interp's result if there was a problem creating the child 
 *	process.  Otherwise, the return value is TCL_OK and *pidPtr is
 *	filled with the process id of the child process.
 * 
 * Side effects:
 *	A process is created.
 *	
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
TclpCreateProcess(
    Tcl_Interp *interp,		/* Interpreter in which to leave errors that
				 * occurred when creating the child process.
				 * Error messages from the child process
				 * itself are sent to errorFile. */
    int argc,			/* Number of arguments in following array. */
    CONST char **argv,		/* Array of argument strings.  argv[0]
				 * contains the name of the executable
				 * converted to native format (using the
				 * Tcl_TranslateFileName call).  Additional
				 * arguments have not been converted. */
    TclFile inputFile,		/* If non-NULL, gives the file to use as
				 * input for the child process.  If inputFile
				 * file is not readable or is NULL, the child
				 * will receive no standard input. */
    TclFile outputFile,		/* If non-NULL, gives the file that
				 * receives output from the child process.  If
				 * outputFile file is not writeable or is
				 * NULL, output from the child will be
				 * discarded. */
    TclFile errorFile,		/* If non-NULL, gives the file that
				 * receives errors from the child process.  If
				 * errorFile file is not writeable or is NULL,
				 * errors from the child will be discarded.
				 * errorFile may be the same as outputFile. */
    Tcl_Pid *pidPtr)		/* If this procedure is successful, pidPtr
				 * is filled with the process id of the child
				 * process. */
{
    int result, applType, createFlags;
    Tcl_DString cmdLine;	/* Complete command line (TCHAR). */
    STARTUPINFOA startInfo;
    PROCESS_INFORMATION procInfo;
    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES secAtts;
    HANDLE hProcess, h, inputHandle, outputHandle, errorHandle;
    char execPath[MAX_PATH * TCL_UTF_MAX];
    WinFile *filePtr;

    PipeInit();

    applType = ApplicationType(interp, argv[0], execPath);
    if (applType == APPL_NONE) {
	return TCL_ERROR;
    }

    result = TCL_ERROR;
    Tcl_DStringInit(&cmdLine);
    hProcess = GetCurrentProcess();

    /*
     * STARTF_USESTDHANDLES must be used to pass handles to child process.
     * Using SetStdHandle() and/or dup2() only works when a console mode 
     * parent process is spawning an attached console mode child process.
     */

    ZeroMemory(&startInfo, sizeof(startInfo));
    startInfo.cb = sizeof(startInfo);
    startInfo.dwFlags   = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
    startInfo.hStdInput	= INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    startInfo.hStdOutput= INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    startInfo.hStdError = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;

    secAtts.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
    secAtts.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
    secAtts.bInheritHandle = TRUE;

    /*
     * We have to check the type of each file, since we cannot duplicate 
     * some file types.  
     */

    inputHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    if (inputFile != NULL) {
	filePtr = (WinFile *)inputFile;
	if (filePtr->type == WIN_FILE) {
	    inputHandle = filePtr->handle;
	}
    }
    outputHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    if (outputFile != NULL) {
	filePtr = (WinFile *)outputFile;
	if (filePtr->type == WIN_FILE) {
	    outputHandle = filePtr->handle;
	}
    }
    errorHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    if (errorFile != NULL) {
	filePtr = (WinFile *)errorFile;
	if (filePtr->type == WIN_FILE) {
	    errorHandle = filePtr->handle;
	}
    }

    /*
     * Duplicate all the handles which will be passed off as stdin, stdout
     * and stderr of the child process. The duplicate handles are set to
     * be inheritable, so the child process can use them.
     */

    if (inputHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
	/* 
	 * If handle was not set, stdin should return immediate EOF.
	 * Under Windows95, some applications (both 16 and 32 bit!) 
	 * cannot read from the NUL device; they read from console
	 * instead.  When running tk, this is fatal because the child 
	 * process would hang forever waiting for EOF from the unmapped 
	 * console window used by the helper application.
	 *
	 * Fortunately, the helper application detects a closed pipe 
	 * as an immediate EOF and can pass that information to the 
	 * child process.
	 */

	if (CreatePipe(&startInfo.hStdInput, &h, &secAtts, 0) != FALSE) {
	    CloseHandle(h);
	}
    } else {
	DuplicateHandle(hProcess, inputHandle, hProcess, &startInfo.hStdInput,
		0, TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS);
    }
    if (startInfo.hStdInput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
	TclWinConvertError(GetLastError());
	Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "couldn't duplicate input handle: ",
		Tcl_PosixError(interp), (char *) NULL);
	goto end;
    }

    if (outputHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
	/*
	 * If handle was not set, output should be sent to an infinitely 
	 * deep sink.  Under Windows 95, some 16 bit applications cannot
	 * have stdout redirected to NUL; they send their output to
	 * the console instead.  Some applications, like "more" or "dir /p", 
	 * when outputting multiple pages to the console, also then try and
	 * read from the console to go the next page.  When running tk, this
	 * is fatal because the child process would hang forever waiting
	 * for input from the unmapped console window used by the helper
	 * application.
	 *
	 * Fortunately, the helper application will detect a closed pipe
	 * as a sink.
	 */

	if ((TclWinGetPlatformId() == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS) 
		&& (applType == APPL_DOS)) {
	    if (CreatePipe(&h, &startInfo.hStdOutput, &secAtts, 0) != FALSE) {
		CloseHandle(h);
	    }
	} else {
	    startInfo.hStdOutput = CreateFileA("NUL:", GENERIC_WRITE, 0,
		    &secAtts, OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	}
    } else {
	DuplicateHandle(hProcess, outputHandle, hProcess, &startInfo.hStdOutput, 
		0, TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS);
    }
    if (startInfo.hStdOutput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
	TclWinConvertError(GetLastError());
	Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "couldn't duplicate output handle: ",
		Tcl_PosixError(interp), (char *) NULL);
	goto end;
    }

    if (errorHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
	/*
	 * If handle was not set, errors should be sent to an infinitely
	 * deep sink.
	 */

	startInfo.hStdError = CreateFileA("NUL:", GENERIC_WRITE, 0,
		&secAtts, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
    } else {
	DuplicateHandle(hProcess, errorHandle, hProcess, &startInfo.hStdError, 
		0, TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS);
    } 
    if (startInfo.hStdError == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
	TclWinConvertError(GetLastError());
	Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "couldn't duplicate error handle: ",
		Tcl_PosixError(interp), (char *) NULL);
	goto end;
    }
    /* 
     * If we do not have a console window, then we must run DOS and
     * WIN32 console mode applications as detached processes. This tells
     * the loader that the child application should not inherit the
     * console, and that it should not create a new console window for
     * the child application.  The child application should get its stdio 
     * from the redirection handles provided by this application, and run
     * in the background.
     *
     * If we are starting a GUI process, they don't automatically get a 
     * console, so it doesn't matter if they are started as foreground or
     * detached processes.  The GUI window will still pop up to the
     * foreground.
     */

    if (TclWinGetPlatformId() == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT) {
	if (HasConsole()) {
	    createFlags = 0;
	} else if (applType == APPL_DOS) {
	    /*
	     * Under NT, 16-bit DOS applications will not run unless they
	     * can be attached to a console.  If we are running without a
	     * console, run the 16-bit program as an normal process inside
	     * of a hidden console application, and then run that hidden
	     * console as a detached process.
	     */

	    startInfo.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
	    startInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
	    createFlags = CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE;
	    Tcl_DStringAppend(&cmdLine, "cmd.exe /c ", -1);
	} else {
	    createFlags = DETACHED_PROCESS;
	} 
    } else {
	if (HasConsole()) {
	    createFlags = 0;
	} else {
	    createFlags = DETACHED_PROCESS;
	}
	
	if (applType == APPL_DOS) {
	    /*
	     * Under Windows 95, 16-bit DOS applications do not work well 
	     * with pipes:
	     *
	     * 1. EOF on a pipe between a detached 16-bit DOS application 
	     * and another application is not seen at the other
	     * end of the pipe, so the listening process blocks forever on 
	     * reads.  This inablity to detect EOF happens when either a 
	     * 16-bit app or the 32-bit app is the listener.  
	     *
	     * 2. If a 16-bit DOS application (detached or not) blocks when 
	     * writing to a pipe, it will never wake up again, and it
	     * eventually brings the whole system down around it.
	     *
	     * The 16-bit application is run as a normal process inside
	     * of a hidden helper console app, and this helper may be run
	     * as a detached process.  If any of the stdio handles is
	     * a pipe, the helper application accumulates information 
	     * into temp files and forwards it to or from the DOS 
	     * application as appropriate.  This means that DOS apps 
	     * must receive EOF from a stdin pipe before they will actually
	     * begin, and must finish generating stdout or stderr before 
	     * the data will be sent to the next stage of the pipe.
	     *
	     * The helper app should be located in the same directory as
	     * the tcl dll.
	     */

	    if (createFlags != 0) {
		startInfo.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
		startInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
		createFlags = CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE;
	    }

	    {
		Tcl_Obj *tclExePtr, *pipeDllPtr;
		int i, fileExists;
		char *start,*end;
		Tcl_DString pipeDll;
		Tcl_DStringInit(&pipeDll);
		Tcl_DStringAppend(&pipeDll, TCL_PREFIX_IDENT "tclpip"
		    STRINGIFY(TCL_MAJOR_VERSION) STRINGIFY(TCL_MINOR_VERSION)
		    STRINGIFY(TCL_DEBUG_IDENT) ".dll ", -1);
		tclExePtr = Tcl_NewStringObj(TclpFindExecutable(""), -1);
		start = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(tclExePtr, &i);
		for (end = start + (i-1); end > start; end--) {
		    if (*end == '/')
		        break;
		}
		if (*end != '/')
		    panic("no / in executable path name");
		i = (end - start) + 1;
		pipeDllPtr = Tcl_NewStringObj(start, i);
		Tcl_AppendToObj(pipeDllPtr, Tcl_DStringValue(&pipeDll), -1);
		Tcl_IncrRefCount(pipeDllPtr);
		if (Tcl_FSConvertToPathType(interp, pipeDllPtr) != TCL_OK)
		    panic("Tcl_FSConvertToPathType failed");
		fileExists = (Tcl_FSAccess(pipeDllPtr, F_OK) == 0);
		if (!fileExists) {
		    panic("Tcl pipe dll \"%s\" not found",
		        Tcl_DStringValue(&pipeDll));
		}
		Tcl_DStringAppend(&cmdLine, Tcl_DStringValue(&pipeDll), -1);
		Tcl_DecrRefCount(tclExePtr);
		Tcl_DecrRefCount(pipeDllPtr);
		Tcl_DStringFree(&pipeDll);
	    }
	}
    }
    
    /*
     * cmdLine gets the full command line used to invoke the executable,
     * including the name of the executable itself.  The command line
     * arguments in argv[] are stored in cmdLine separated by spaces. 
     * Special characters in individual arguments from argv[] must be 
     * quoted when being stored in cmdLine.
     *
     * When calling any application, bear in mind that arguments that 
     * specify a path name are not converted.  If an argument contains 
     * forward slashes as path separators, it may or may not be 
     * recognized as a path name, depending on the program.  In general,
     * most applications accept forward slashes only as option 
     * delimiters and backslashes only as paths.
     *
     * Additionally, when calling a 16-bit dos or windows application, 
     * all path names must use the short, cryptic, path format (e.g., 
     * using ab~1.def instead of "a b.default").  
     */

    BuildCommandLine(execPath, argc, argv, &cmdLine);

    if ((*tclWinProcs->createProcessProc)(NULL, 
	    (TCHAR *) Tcl_DStringValue(&cmdLine), NULL, NULL, TRUE, 
	    (DWORD) createFlags, NULL, NULL, &startInfo, &procInfo) == 0) {
	TclWinConvertError(GetLastError());
	Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "couldn't execute \"", argv[0],
		"\": ", Tcl_PosixError(interp), (char *) NULL);
	goto end;
    }

    /*
     * This wait is used to force the OS to give some time to the DOS
     * process.
     */

    if (applType == APPL_DOS) {
	WaitForSingleObject(procInfo.hProcess, 50);
    }

    /* 
     * "When an application spawns a process repeatedly, a new thread 
     * instance will be created for each process but the previous 
     * instances may not be cleaned up.  This results in a significant 
     * virtual memory loss each time the process is spawned.  If there 
     * is a WaitForInputIdle() call between CreateProcess() and
     * CloseHandle(), the problem does not occur." PSS ID Number: Q124121
     */

    WaitForInputIdle(procInfo.hProcess, 5000);
    CloseHandle(procInfo.hThread);

    *pidPtr = (Tcl_Pid) procInfo.hProcess;
    if (*pidPtr != 0) {
	TclWinAddProcess(procInfo.hProcess, procInfo.dwProcessId);
    }
    result = TCL_OK;

    end:
    Tcl_DStringFree(&cmdLine);
    if (startInfo.hStdInput != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        CloseHandle(startInfo.hStdInput);
    }
    if (startInfo.hStdOutput != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        CloseHandle(startInfo.hStdOutput);
    }
    if (startInfo.hStdError != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
	CloseHandle(startInfo.hStdError);
    }
    return result;
}


/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * HasConsole --
 *
 *	Determines whether the current application is attached to a
 *	console.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Returns TRUE if this application has a console, else FALSE.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static BOOL
HasConsole()
{
    HANDLE handle;
    
    handle = CreateFileA("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
	    NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

    if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        CloseHandle(handle);
	return TRUE;
    } else {
        return FALSE;
    }
}

/*
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * ApplicationType --
 *
 *	Search for the specified program and identify if it refers to a DOS,
 *	Windows 3.X, or Win32 program.  Used to determine how to invoke 
 *	a program, or if it can even be invoked.
 *
 *	It is possible to almost positively identify DOS and Windows 
 *	applications that contain the appropriate magic numbers.  However, 
 *	DOS .com files do not seem to contain a magic number; if the program 
 *	name ends with .com and could not be identified as a Windows .com
 *	file, it will be assumed to be a DOS application, even if it was
 *	just random data.  If the program name does not end with .com, no 
 *	such assumption is made.
 *
 *	The Win32 procedure GetBinaryType incorrectly identifies any 
 *	junk file that ends with .exe as a dos executable and some 
 *	executables that don't end with .exe as not executable.  Plus it 
 *	doesn't exist under win95, so I won't feel bad about reimplementing
 *	functionality.
 *
 * Results:
 *	The return value is one of APPL_DOS, APPL_WIN3X, or APPL_WIN32
 *	if the filename referred to the corresponding application type.
 *	If the file name could not be found or did not refer to any known 
 *	application type, APPL_NONE is returned and an error message is 
 *	left in interp.  .bat files are identified as APPL_DOS.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static int
ApplicationType(interp, originalName, fullName)
    Tcl_Interp *interp;		/* Interp, for error message. */
    const char *originalName;	/* Name of the application to find. */
    char fullName[];		/* Filled with complete path to 
				 * application. */
{
    int applType, i, nameLen, found;
    HANDLE hFile;
    TCHAR *rest;
    char *ext;
    char buf[2];
    DWORD attr, read;
    IMAGE_DOS_HEADER header;
    Tcl_DString nameBuf, ds;
    CONST TCHAR *nativeName;
    WCHAR nativeFullPath[MAX_PATH];