install.texi

理解和实践操作系统的一本好书

\input texinfo.tex    @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c @ifnothtml
@c %**start of header
@setfilename gccinstall.info
@settitle Installing GCC
@setchapternewpage odd
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@c Specify title for specific html page
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@settitle Installing GCC
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@ifset specifichtml
@settitle Host/Target specific installation notes for GCC
@end ifset
@ifset prerequisiteshtml
@settitle Prerequisites for GCC
@end ifset
@ifset downloadhtml
@settitle Downloading GCC
@end ifset
@ifset configurehtml
@settitle Installing GCC: Configuration
@end ifset
@ifset buildhtml
@settitle Installing GCC: Building
@end ifset
@ifset testhtml
@settitle Installing GCC: Testing
@end ifset
@ifset finalinstallhtml
@settitle Installing GCC: Final installation
@end ifset
@ifset binarieshtml
@settitle Installing GCC: Binaries
@end ifset
@ifset oldhtml
@settitle Installing GCC: Old documentation
@end ifset
@ifset gfdlhtml
@settitle Installing GCC: GNU Free Documentation License
@end ifset

@c Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
@c 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c *** Converted to texinfo by Dean Wakerley, [e-mail]

@c IMPORTANT: whenever you modify this file, run `install.texi2html' to
@c test the generation of HTML documents for the gcc.gnu.org web pages.
@c
@c Do not use @footnote{} in this file as it breaks install.texi2html!

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@c Part 2 Summary Description and Copyright
@copying
Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@sp 1
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and
with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below).  A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ``@uref{./gfdl.html,,GNU
Free Documentation License}''.

(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:

     A GNU Manual

(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:

     You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
     software.  Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
     funds for GNU development.
@end copying
@ifinfo
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@dircategory Software development
@direntry
* gccinstall: (gccinstall).    Installing the GNU Compiler Collection.
@end direntry

@c Part 3 Titlepage and Copyright
@titlepage
@title Installing GCC
@versionsubtitle

@c The following two commands start the copyright page.
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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@end titlepage

@c Part 4 Top node, Master Menu, and/or Table of Contents
@ifinfo
@node    Top, , , (dir)
@comment node-name, next,          Previous, up

@menu
* Installing GCC::  This document describes the generic installation
                    procedure for GCC as well as detailing some target
                    specific installation instructions.

* Specific::        Host/target specific installation notes for GCC.
* Binaries::        Where to get pre-compiled binaries.

* Old::             Old installation documentation.

* GNU Free Documentation License:: How you can copy and share this manual.
* Concept Index::   This index has two entries.
@end menu
@end ifinfo

@iftex
@contents
@end iftex

@c Part 5 The Body of the Document
@c ***Installing GCC**********************************************************
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@node    Installing GCC, Binaries, , Top
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@ifnothtml
@chapter Installing GCC
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The latest version of this document is always available at
@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/install/,,http://gcc.gnu.org/install/}.

This document describes the generic installation procedure for GCC as well
as detailing some target specific installation instructions.

GCC includes several components that previously were separate distributions
with their own installation instructions.  This document supersedes all
package specific installation instructions.

@emph{Before} starting the build/install procedure please check the
@ifnothtml
@ref{Specific, host/target specific installation notes}.
@end ifnothtml
@ifhtml
@uref{specific.html,,host/target specific installation notes}.
@end ifhtml
We recommend you browse the entire generic installation instructions before
you proceed.

Lists of successful builds for released versions of GCC are
available at @uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/buildstat.html}.
These lists are updated as new information becomes available.

The installation procedure itself is broken into five steps.

@ifinfo
@menu
* Prerequisites::
* Downloading the source::
* Configuration::
* Building::
* Testing:: (optional)
* Final install::
@end menu
@end ifinfo
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@enumerate
@item
@uref{prerequisites.html,,Prerequisites}
@item
@uref{download.html,,Downloading the source}
@item
@uref{configure.html,,Configuration}
@item
@uref{build.html,,Building}
@item
@uref{test.html,,Testing} (optional)
@item
@uref{finalinstall.html,,Final install}
@end enumerate
@end ifhtml

Please note that GCC does not support @samp{make uninstall} and probably
won't do so in the near future as this would open a can of worms.  Instead,
we suggest that you install GCC into a directory of its own and simply
remove that directory when you do not need that specific version of GCC
any longer, and, if shared libraries are installed there as well, no
more binaries exist that use them.

@ifhtml
There are also some @uref{old.html,,old installation instructions},
which are mostly obsolete but still contain some information which has
not yet been merged into the main part of this manual.
@end ifhtml

@html
<hr />
<p>
@end html
@ifhtml
@uref{./index.html,,Return to the GCC Installation page}

@insertcopying
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@c ***Prerequisites**************************************************
@ifnothtml
@comment node-name,     next,          previous, up
@node    Prerequisites, Downloading the source, , Installing GCC
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@ifset prerequisiteshtml
@ifnothtml
@chapter Prerequisites
@end ifnothtml
@cindex Prerequisites

GCC requires that various tools and packages be available for use in the
build procedure.  Modifying GCC sources requires additional tools
described below.

@heading Tools/packages necessary for building GCC
@table @asis
@item ISO C90 compiler
Necessary to bootstrap GCC, although versions of GCC prior
to 3.4 also allow bootstrapping with a traditional (K&R) C compiler.

To build all languages in a cross-compiler or other configuration where
3-stage bootstrap is not performed, you need to start with an existing
GCC binary (version 2.95 or later) because source code for language
frontends other than C might use GCC extensions.

@item GNAT

In order to build the Ada compiler (GNAT) you must already have GNAT
installed because portions of the Ada frontend are written in Ada (with
GNAT extensions.)  Refer to the Ada installation instructions for more
specific information.

@item A ``working'' POSIX compatible shell, or GNU bash

Necessary when running @command{configure} because some
@command{/bin/sh} shells have bugs and may crash when configuring the
target libraries.  In other cases, @command{/bin/sh} or @command{ksh}
have disastrous corner-case performance problems.  This
can cause target @command{configure} runs to literally take days to
complete in some cases.

So on some platforms @command{/bin/ksh} is sufficient, on others it
isn't.  See the host/target specific instructions for your platform, or
use @command{bash} to be sure.  Then set @env{CONFIG_SHELL} in your
environment to your ``good'' shell prior to running
@command{configure}/@command{make}.

@command{zsh} is not a fully compliant POSIX shell and will not
work when configuring GCC@.

@item A POSIX or SVR4 awk

Necessary for creating some of the generated source files for GCC@.
If in doubt, use a recent GNU awk version, as some of the older ones
are broken.  GNU awk version 3.1.5 is known to work.

@item GNU binutils

Necessary in some circumstances, optional in others.  See the
host/target specific instructions for your platform for the exact
requirements.

@item gzip version 1.2.4 (or later) or
@itemx bzip2 version 1.0.2 (or later)

Necessary to uncompress GCC @command{tar} files when source code is
obtained via FTP mirror sites.

@item GNU make version 3.79.1 (or later)

You must have GNU make installed to build GCC@.

@item GNU tar version 1.14 (or later)

Necessary (only on some platforms) to untar the source code.  Many
systems' @command{tar} programs will also work, only try GNU
@command{tar} if you have problems.

@item GNU Multiple Precision Library (GMP) version 4.1 (or later)

Necessary to build GCC@.  If you do not have it installed in your
library search path, you will have to configure with the
@option{--with-gmp} configure option.  See also
@option{--with-gmp-lib} and @option{--with-gmp-include}.

@item MPFR Library version 2.3.0 (or later)

Necessary to build GCC@.  It can be downloaded from
@uref{http://www.mpfr.org/}.  The version of MPFR that is bundled with
GMP 4.1.x contains numerous bugs.  Although GCC may appear to function
with the buggy versions of MPFR, there are a few bugs that will not be
fixed when using this version.  It is strongly recommended to upgrade
to the recommended version of MPFR.

The @option{--with-mpfr} configure option should be used if your MPFR
Library is not installed in your default library search path.  See
also @option{--with-mpfr-lib} and @option{--with-mpfr-include}.

@item @command{jar}, or InfoZIP (@command{zip} and @command{unzip})

Necessary to build libgcj, the GCJ runtime.