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Jvm 规范说明。The Java Virtual Machine was designed to support the Java programming language. Some concep

<dt><dd>3.6.6	 Additional Information	 68
</a></dl>
<a href="Overview.doc.html#16066">
<dt><dd>3.7	 Representation of Objects	 69
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#12174">
<dt><dd>3.8	 Special Initialization Methods	 69
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#15494">
<dt><dd>3.9	 Exceptions	 69
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#15767">
<dt><dd>3.10	 The class File Format	 70
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#7143">
<dt><dd>3.11	 Instruction Set Summary	 71
</a><dl>
<a href="Overview.doc.html#7565">
<dt><dd>3.11.1	 Types and the Java Virtual Machine	 72
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#6348">
<dt><dd>3.11.2	 Load and Store Instructions	 74
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#6410">
<dt><dd>3.11.3	 Arithmetic Instructions	 75
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#14620">
<dt><dd>3.11.4	 Type Conversion Instructions	 77
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#16535">
<dt><dd>3.11.5	 Object Creation and Manipulation	 79
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#16561">
<dt><dd>3.11.6	 Operand Stack Management Instructions	 79
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#6493">
<dt><dd>3.11.7	 Control Transfer Instructions	 80
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#9533">
<dt><dd>3.11.8	 Method Invocation and Return Instructions	 80
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#7361">
<dt><dd>3.11.9	 Throwing and Handling Exceptions	 81
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#16207">
<dt><dd>3.11.10	 Implementing finally	 81
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#7363">
<dt><dd>3.11.11	 Synchronization	 81
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<a href="Overview.doc.html#15641">
<dt><dd>3.12	 Public Design, Private Implementation	 81
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<p>
<dt><dd><a href="ClassFile.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold>	4	 The class File Format	 83</bold></font>
</a>
<dl>
<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#21045">
<dt><dd>4.1	 ClassFile	 84
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#14757">
<dt><dd>4.2	 Internal Form of Fully Qualified Class Names	 89
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1169">
<dt><dd>4.3	 Descriptors	 89
</a><dl>
<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#13972">
<dt><dd>4.3.1	 Grammar Notation	 90
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#14152">
<dt><dd>4.3.2	 Field Descriptors	 90
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#7035">
<dt><dd>4.3.3	 Method Descriptors	 91
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<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#20080">
<dt><dd>4.4	 Constant Pool	 92
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<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1221">
<dt><dd>4.4.1	 CONSTANT_Class	 93
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#4723">
<dt><dd>4.4.2	 CONSTANT_Fieldref, CONSTANT_Methodref, and CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref		94
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#8794">
<dt><dd>4.4.3	 CONSTANT_String	 96
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#21942">
<dt><dd>4.4.4	 CONSTANT_Integer and CONSTANT_Float	 96
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1348">
<dt><dd>4.4.5	 CONSTANT_Long and CONSTANT_Double	 97
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1327">
<dt><dd>4.4.6	 CONSTANT_NameAndType	 99
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#7963">
<dt><dd>4.4.7	 CONSTANT_Utf8	 100
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<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#2877">
<dt><dd>4.5	 Fields	 101
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1513">
<dt><dd>4.6	 Methods	 104
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1442">
<dt><dd>4.7	 Attributes	 106
</a><dl>
<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#16733">
<dt><dd>4.7.1	 Defining and Naming New Attributes	 107
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1365">
<dt><dd>4.7.2	 SourceFile Attribute	 108
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1405">
<dt><dd>4.7.3	 ConstantValue Attribute	 109
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1546">
<dt><dd>4.7.4	 Code Attribute	 110
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#3129">
<dt><dd>4.7.5	 Exceptions Attribute	 113
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#22856">
<dt><dd>4.7.6	 LineNumberTable Attribute	 115
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#5956">
<dt><dd>4.7.7	 LocalVariableTable Attribute	 116
</a></dl>
<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#8771">
<dt><dd>4.8	 Constraints on Java Virtual Machine Code	 118
</a><dl>
<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9279">
<dt><dd>4.8.1	 Static Constraints	 118
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9308">
<dt><dd>4.8.2	 Structural Constraints	 121
</a></dl>
<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#8051">
<dt><dd>4.9	 Verification of class Files	 124
</a><dl>
<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9766">
<dt><dd>4.9.1	 The Verification Process	 125
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9801">
<dt><dd>4.9.2	 The Bytecode Verifier	 128
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9833">
<dt><dd>4.9.3	 Long Integers and Doubles	 131
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9839">
<dt><dd>4.9.4	 Instance Initialization Methods and Newly Created Objects	 131
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9855">
<dt><dd>4.9.5	 Exception Handlers	 133
</a><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9862">
<dt><dd>4.9.6	 Exceptions and finally	 133
</a></dl>
<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#6253">
<dt><dd>4.10	 Limitations of the Java Virtual Machine and class File Format	 136
</a></dl>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold>	5	 Constant Pool Resolution	 139</bold></font>
</a>
<dl>
<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#51579">
<dt><dd>5.1	 Class and Interface Resolution	 140
</a><dl>
<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#65190">
<dt><dd>5.1.1	 Current Class or Interface Not Loaded by a Class Loader	 141
</a><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#67374">
<dt><dd>5.1.2	 Current Class or Interface Loaded by a Class Loader	 144
</a><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#65204">
<dt><dd>5.1.3	 Array Classes	 146
</a></dl>
<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#49425">
<dt><dd>5.2	 Field and Method Resolution	 147
</a><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#64064">
<dt><dd>5.3	 Interface Method Resolution	 148
</a><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#38759">
<dt><dd>5.4	 String Resolution	 148
</a><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#49466">
<dt><dd>5.5	 Resolution of Other Constant Pool Items	 149
</a></dl>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="Instructions.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold>	6	 Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set	 151</bold></font>
</a>
<dl>
<a href="Instructions.doc.html#53441">
<dt><dd>6.1	 Assumptions: The Meaning of "Must"	 151
</a><a href="Instructions.doc.html#60105">
<dt><dd>6.2	 Reserved Opcodes	 152
</a><a href="Instructions.doc.html#66654">
<dt><dd>6.3	 Virtual Machine Errors	 152
</a><a href="Instructions.doc.html#66646">
<dt><dd>6.4	 The Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set	 152
</a></dl>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="Compiling.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold>	7	 Compiling for the Java Virtual Machine	 339</bold></font>
</a>
<dl>
<a href="Compiling.doc.html#4083">
<dt><dd>7.1	 Format of Examples	 340
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#4182">
<dt><dd>7.2	 Use of Constants, Local Variables, and Control Constructs	 341
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#4228">
<dt><dd>7.3	 Arithmetic	 345
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#5841">
<dt><dd>7.4	 Accessing the Constant Pool	 346
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#8478">
<dt><dd>7.5	 More Control Examples	 348
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#8556">
<dt><dd>7.6	 Receiving Arguments	 351
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#4425">
<dt><dd>7.7	 Invoking Methods	 352
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#4089">
<dt><dd>7.8	 Working with Class Instances	 354
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#4091">
<dt><dd>7.9	 Arrays	 356
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#4095">
<dt><dd>7.10	 Compiling Switches	 359
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#9342">
<dt><dd>7.11	 Operations on the Operand Stack	 361
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#9934">
<dt><dd>7.12	 Throwing and Handling Exceptions	 362
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#">
<dt><dd>7.13	 Compiling finally	 366
</a><a href="Compiling.doc.html#6530">
<dt><dd>7.14	 Synchronization	 369
</a></dl>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="Threads.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold>	8	 Threads and Locks	 371</bold></font>
</a>
<dl>
<a href="Threads.doc.html#22197">
<dt><dd>8.1	 Terminology and Framework	 371
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#22214">
<dt><dd>8.2	 Execution Order and Consistency	 373
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#22227">
<dt><dd>8.3	 Rules About Variables	 374
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#22244">
<dt><dd>8.4	 Nonatomic Treatment of Double and Long Variables	 376
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#22248">
<dt><dd>8.5	 Rules About Locks	 376
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#22253">
<dt><dd>8.6	 Rules About the Interaction of Locks and Variables	 377
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#22258">
<dt><dd>8.7	 Rules for Volatile Variables	 378
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#24432">
<dt><dd>8.8	 Prescient Store Operations	 378
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#22263">
<dt><dd>8.9	 Discussion	 379
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#23865">
<dt><dd>8.10	 Example: Possible Swap	 380
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#23974">
<dt><dd>8.11	 Example: Out-of-Order Writes	 384
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#22488">
<dt><dd>8.12	 Threads	 386
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#22500">
<dt><dd>8.13	 Locks and Synchronization	 386
</a><a href="Threads.doc.html#23513">
<dt><dd>8.14	 Wait Sets and Notification	 387
</a></dl>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="Quick.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold>	9	 An Optimization	 389</bold></font>
</a>
<dl>
<a href="Quick.doc.html#2984">
<dt><dd>9.1	 Dynamic Linking via Rewriting	 389
</a><a href="Quick.doc.html#10673">
<dt><dd>9.2	 The _quick Pseudo-instructions	 390
</a></dl>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="Mnemonics.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold>	10	 Opcode Mnemonics by Opcode	 429</bold></font>
</a>
</dl>

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<font size="-1"><i>Java Virtual Machine Specification </i><br>
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