📄 vmspectoc.doc.html
字号:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>VM Spec </title>
</head>
<body BGCOLOR=#eeeeff text=#000000 LINK=#0000ff VLINK=#000077 ALINK=#ff0000>
<table width=100%><tr>
<td>Contents | Prev | <a href="Copyright.doc.html">Next</a> | <a href="Lindholm.INDEX.html">Index</a></td>
</tr></table>
<hr><br><center>
<h1>The Java<sup><font size=-2>TM</font></sup> Virtual Machine Specification</h1>
Tim Lindholm<br>
Frank Yellin
<p>
<font size=-1>(Converted from the printed book, September 1996, first printing)</font></center>
<hr><br>
<dl>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="Preface.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold> Preface xv</bold></font>
</a>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="Introduction.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold> 1 Introduction 1</bold></font>
</a>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="Concepts.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold> 2 Java Concepts 5</bold></font>
</a>
<dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#25310">
<dt><dd>2.1 Unicode 5
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#25339">
<dt><dd>2.2 Identifiers 6
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#23152">
<dt><dd>2.3 Literals 6
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#22930">
<dt><dd>2.4 Types and Values 6
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#19511">
<dt><dd>2.4.1 Primitive Types and Values 7
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#17876">
<dt><dd>2.4.2 Operators on Integral Values 8
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#17889">
<dt><dd>2.4.3 Operators on Floating-Point Values 8
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#17937">
<dt><dd>2.4.4 Operators on boolean Values 9
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#25376">
<dt><dd>2.4.5 Reference Types, Objects, and Reference Values 9
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#27433">
<dt><dd>2.4.6 The Class Object 10
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#25486">
<dt><dd>2.4.7 The Class String 10
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#17255">
<dt><dd>2.4.8 Operators on Objects 10
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#17203">
<dt><dd>2.5 Variables 10
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#15858">
<dt><dd>2.5.1 Initial Values of Variables 12
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#23409">
<dt><dd>2.5.2 Variables Have Types, Objects Have Classes 13
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#25611">
<dt><dd>2.6 Conversions and Promotions 13
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#19691">
<dt><dd>2.6.1 Identity Conversions 14
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#23435">
<dt><dd>2.6.2 Widening Primitive Conversions 15
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#19747">
<dt><dd>2.6.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversions 15
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#25679">
<dt><dd>2.6.4 Widening Reference Conversions 16
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#25683">
<dt><dd>2.6.5 Narrowing Reference Conversions 16
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#19674">
<dt><dd>2.6.6 Assignment Conversion 17
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#19685">
<dt><dd>2.6.7 Method Invocation Conversion 18
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#18168">
<dt><dd>2.6.8 Casting Conversions 19
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#16021">
<dt><dd>2.6.9 Numeric Promotion 19
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#21272">
<dt><dd>2.7 Names and Packages 20
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#21410">
<dt><dd>2.7.1 Names 20
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#20319">
<dt><dd>2.7.2 Packages 20
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#26049">
<dt><dd>2.7.3 Members 21
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#27480">
<dt><dd>2.7.4 Package Members 21
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#26071">
<dt><dd>2.7.5 The Members of a Class Type 21
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#26076">
<dt><dd>2.7.6 The Members of an Interface Type 22
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#26078">
<dt><dd>2.7.7 The Members of an Array Type 22
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#18914">
<dt><dd>2.7.8 Qualified Names and Access Control 22
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#20207">
<dt><dd>2.7.9 Fully Qualified Names 23
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#16198">
<dt><dd>2.8 Classes 24
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#20389">
<dt><dd>2.8.1 Class Names 24
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#20340">
<dt><dd>2.8.2 Class Modifiers 24
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#20358">
<dt><dd>2.8.3 Superclasses and Subclasses 25
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#18846">
<dt><dd>2.8.4 The Class Members 25
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#16338">
<dt><dd>2.9 Fields 26
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#16297">
<dt><dd>2.9.1 Field Modifiers 26
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#16320">
<dt><dd>2.9.2 Initialization of Fields 27
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#16317">
<dt><dd>2.10 Methods 27
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#26454">
<dt><dd>2.10.1 Formal Parameters 28
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#18290">
<dt><dd>2.10.2 Signature 28
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#16348">
<dt><dd>2.10.3 Method Modifiers 28
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#16396">
<dt><dd>2.11 Static Initializers 29
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#16411">
<dt><dd>2.12 Constructors 29
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#16432">
<dt><dd>2.13 Interfaces 30
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#18339">
<dt><dd>2.13.1 Interface Modifiers 31
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#20603">
<dt><dd>2.13.2 Superinterfaces 31
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#18345">
<dt><dd>2.13.3 Interface Members 31
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#18349">
<dt><dd>2.13.4 Interface (Constant) Fields 31
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#20648">
<dt><dd>2.13.5 Interface (Abstract) Methods 32
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#26697">
<dt><dd>2.13.6 Overriding, Inheritance, and Overloading in Interfaces 32
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#16446">
<dt><dd>2.14 Arrays 32
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#21035">
<dt><dd>2.14.1 Array Types 33
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#20774">
<dt><dd>2.14.2 Array Variables 33
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#20775">
<dt><dd>2.14.3 Array Creation 34
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#22854">
<dt><dd>2.14.4 Array Access 34
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#22727">
<dt><dd>2.15 Exceptions 34
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#24614">
<dt><dd>2.15.1 The Causes of Exceptions 35
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#22746">
<dt><dd>2.15.2 Handling an Exception 36
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24863">
<dt><dd>2.15.3 The Exception Hierarchy 38
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24870">
<dt><dd>2.15.4 The Classes Exception and RuntimeException 38
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#16491">
<dt><dd>2.16 Execution 40
</a><dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#19042">
<dt><dd>2.16.1 Virtual Machine Start-up 40
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#19175">
<dt><dd>2.16.2 Loading 43
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#22574">
<dt><dd>2.16.3 Linking: Verification, Preparation, and Resolution 43
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#19075">
<dt><dd>2.16.4 Initialization 46
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24237">
<dt><dd>2.16.5 Detailed Initialization Procedure 47
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#19124">
<dt><dd>2.16.6 Creation of New Class Instances 49
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#19147">
<dt><dd>2.16.7 Finalization of Class Instances 51
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24377">
<dt><dd>2.16.8 Finalization and Unloading of Classes and Interfaces 52
</a><a href="Concepts.doc.html#19152">
<dt><dd>2.16.9 Virtual Machine Exit 52
</a></dl>
<a href="Concepts.doc.html#24465">
<dt><dd>2.17 Threads 53
</a></dl>
<p>
<dt><dd><a href="Overview.doc.html">
<font size=+1><bold> 3 Structure of the Java Virtual Machine 57</bold></font>
</a>
<dl>
<a href="Overview.doc.html#12237">
<dt><dd>3.1 Data Types 57
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#22239">
<dt><dd>3.2 Primitive Types and Values 58
</a><dl>
<a href="Overview.doc.html#16125">
<dt><dd>3.2.1 Integral Types and Values 58
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#16133">
<dt><dd>3.2.2 Floating-Point Types and Values 59
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#15107">
<dt><dd>3.2.3 The returnAddress Type and Values 60
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#22909">
<dt><dd>3.2.4 There Is No boolean Type 60
</a></dl>
<a href="Overview.doc.html#15079">
<dt><dd>3.3 Reference Types and Values 61
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#15881">
<dt><dd>3.4 Words 61
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#1732">
<dt><dd>3.5 Runtime Data Areas 61
</a><dl>
<a href="Overview.doc.html#6648">
<dt><dd>3.5.1 The pc Register 61
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#6654">
<dt><dd>3.5.2 Java Stack 62
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#15730">
<dt><dd>3.5.3 Heap 63
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#6656">
<dt><dd>3.5.4 Method Area 63
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#22972">
<dt><dd>3.5.5 Constant Pool 64
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#15637">
<dt><dd>3.5.6 Native Method Stacks 65
</a></dl>
<a href="Overview.doc.html#17257">
<dt><dd>3.6 Frames 66
</a><dl>
<a href="Overview.doc.html#15722">
<dt><dd>3.6.1 Local Variables 66
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#15725">
<dt><dd>3.6.2 Operand Stacks 67
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#1963">
<dt><dd>3.6.3 Dynamic Linking 67
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#1973">
<dt><dd>3.6.4 Normal Method Completion 68
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#22091">
<dt><dd>3.6.5 Abnormal Method Completion 68
</a><a href="Overview.doc.html#22093">
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -