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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><title>6.1.聽Video formats</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="default.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.2"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="MPlayer - The Movie Player"><link rel="up" href="containers.html" title="Chapter聽6.聽Containers"><link rel="prev" href="containers.html" title="Chapter聽6.聽Containers"><link rel="next" href="audio-formats.html" title="6.2.聽Audio formats"><link rel="preface" href="howtoread.html" title="How to read this documentation"><link rel="chapter" href="intro.html" title="Chapter聽1.聽Introduction"><link rel="chapter" href="install.html" title="Chapter聽2.聽Installation"><link rel="chapter" href="usage.html" title="Chapter聽3.聽Usage"><link rel="chapter" href="cd-dvd.html" title="Chapter聽4.聽CD/DVD usage"><link rel="chapter" href="faq.html" title="Chapter聽5.聽Frequently Asked Questions"><link rel="chapter" href="containers.html" title="Chapter聽6.聽Containers"><link rel="chapter" href="codecs.html" title="Chapter聽7.聽Codecs"><link rel="chapter" href="video.html" title="Chapter聽8.聽Video output devices"><link rel="chapter" href="audio.html" title="Chapter聽9.聽Audio output devices"><link rel="chapter" href="tv.html" title="Chapter聽10.聽TV"><link rel="chapter" href="radio.html" title="Chapter聽11.聽Radio"><link rel="chapter" href="ports.html" title="Chapter聽12.聽Ports"><link rel="chapter" href="mencoder.html" title="Chapter聽13.聽Basic usage of MEncoder"><link rel="chapter" href="encoding-guide.html" title="Chapter聽14.聽Encoding with MEncoder"><link rel="appendix" href="bugreports.html" title="Appendix聽A.聽How to report bugs"><link rel="appendix" href="bugs.html" title="Appendix聽B.聽Known bugs"><link rel="appendix" href="skin.html" title="Appendix聽C.聽MPlayer skin format"><link rel="appendix" href="history.html" title="Appendix聽D.聽History"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#mpg-vob-dat" title="6.1.1.聽MPEG files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#avi" title="6.1.2.聽AVI files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#asf-wmv" title="6.1.3.聽ASF/WMV files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#mov" title="6.1.4.聽QuickTime/MOV files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#vivo" title="6.1.5.聽VIVO files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#fli" title="6.1.6.聽FLI files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#realmedia" title="6.1.7.聽RealMedia (RM) files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#nuppelvideo" title="6.1.8.聽NuppelVideo files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#yuv4mpeg" title="6.1.9.聽yuv4mpeg files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#film" title="6.1.10.聽FILM files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#roq" title="6.1.11.聽RoQ files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#ogg" title="6.1.12.聽OGG/OGM files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#sdp" title="6.1.13.聽SDP files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#pva" title="6.1.14.聽PVA files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#nsv" title="6.1.15.聽NSV files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#matroska" title="6.1.16.聽Matroska files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#nut" title="6.1.17.聽NUT files"><link rel="subsection" href="video-formats.html#gif" title="6.1.18.聽GIF files"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">6.1.聽Video formats</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="containers.html">Prev</a>聽</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter聽6.聽Containers</th><td width="20%" align="right">聽<a accesskey="n" href="audio-formats.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="video-formats"></a>6.1.聽Video formats</h2></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="mpg-vob-dat"></a>6.1.1.聽MPEG files</h3></div></div></div><p>
MPEG files come in different guises:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
MPG: This is the most <span class="bold"><strong>basic</strong></span> form of the
MPEG file formats. It contains MPEG-1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) or
rarely MP1 audio.
</p></li><li><p>
DAT: This is the very same format as MPG with a different extension. It
is used on <span class="bold"><strong>Video CDs</strong></span>. Due to the way VCDs
are created and Linux is designed, the DAT files cannot be played nor copied
from VCDs as regular files. You have to use <tt class="option">vcd://</tt>
to play a Video CD.
</p></li><li><p>
VOB: This is the MPEG file format on <span class="bold"><strong>DVDs</strong></span>.
It is the same as MPG, plus the capability to contain subtitles or non-MPEG
(AC-3) audio. It contains encoded MPEG-2 video and usually AC-3 audio, but DTS,
MP2 and uncompressed LPCM are allowed, too. <span class="bold"><strong>Read the
<a class="link" href="dvd.html" title="4.2.聽DVD playback">DVD</a> section</strong></span>!
</p></li><li><p>
TY: This is a TiVo MPEG stream. It contains MPEG PES data for audio and
video streams, as well as extra information like closed captions. The
container is not an MPEG program stream, but a closed format created by
TiVo. For more information on TiVo stream format, please refer to
<a class="ulink" href="http://dvd-create.sourceforge.net/tystudio/tystream.shtml" target="_top">
the TyStudio page</a>.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
Series of frames form independent groups in MPEG files. This means that you
can cut/join an MPEG file with standard file tools (like
<span class="command"><strong>dd</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>cut</strong></span>), and it remains completely
functional.
</p><p>
One important feature of MPGs is that they have a field to describe the
aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have 480x480
resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so that it is
played at 640x480. AVI files often lack this field, so they have to be
rescaled during encoding or played with the <tt class="option">-aspect</tt>
option.
</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="avi"></a>6.1.2.聽AVI files</h3></div></div></div><p>
Designed by Microsoft,
<span class="bold"><strong>AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</strong></span>
is a widespread multipurpose format currently used mostly for MPEG-4 (DivX and
DivX4) video. It has many known drawbacks and shortcomings (for example in
streaming).
It supports one video stream and 0 to 99 audio streams and can be as big as
2GB, but there exists an extension allowing bigger files called
<span class="bold"><strong>OpenDML</strong></span>. Microsoft currently strongly
discourages its use and encourages ASF/WMV. Not that anybody cares.
</p><p>
There is a hack that allows AVI files to contain an Ogg Vorbis audio
stream, but makes them incompatible with standard AVI.
<span class="application">MPlayer</span> supports playing these files. Seeking is
also implemented but severely hampered by badly encoded files with
confusing headers. Unfortunately the only encoder currently capable of
creating these files, <span class="application">NanDub</span>, has this problem.
</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
DV cameras create raw DV streams that DV grabbing utilities convert to two
different types of AVI files. The AVI will then contain either separate
audio and video streams that <span class="application">MPlayer</span> can play or
the raw DV stream for which support is under development.
</p></div><p>
There are two kinds of AVI files:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Interleaved:</strong></span> Audio and video content is
interleaved. This is the standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some
tools create interleaved AVIs with bad sync.
<span class="application">MPlayer</span> detects these as interleaved, and this
climaxes in loss of A/V sync, probably at seeking.
These files should be played as non-interleaved
(with the <tt class="option">-ni</tt> option).
</p></li><li><p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Non-interleaved:</strong></span> First comes the whole
video stream, then the whole audio stream. It thus needs a lot of seeking,
making playing from network or CD-ROM difficult.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
</p><p>
<span class="application">MPlayer</span> supports two kinds of timings for AVI
files:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
<span class="bold"><strong>bps-based:</strong></span> It is based on the
bitrate/samplerate of the video/audio stream. This method is used by
most players, including <a class="ulink" href="http://avifile.sf.net" target="_top">avifile</a>
and <span class="application">Windows Media Player</span>. Files with broken
headers, and files created with VBR audio but not VBR-compliant encoder
will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at seeking).
</p></li><li><p>
<span class="bold"><strong>interleaving-based:</strong></span> It does not use the
bitrate value of the header, instead it uses the relative position of
interleaved audio and video chunks,
making badly encoded files with VBR audio playable.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
</p><p>
Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio is not well
supported by most players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR
audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is
uncommon and Microsoft's AVI specs only describe CBR audio. I also noticed
that most AVI encoders/multiplexers create bad files when using VBR audio.
There are only two known exceptions: <span class="application">NanDub</span> and
<a class="link" href="mencoder.html" title="Chapter聽13.聽Basic usage of MEncoder"><span class="application">MEncoder</span></a>.
</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="asf-wmv"></a>6.1.3.聽ASF/WMV files</h3></div></div></div><p>
ASF (Active Streaming Format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two
variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools
(<span class="application">Windows Media Player</span> and
<span class="application">Windows Media Encoder</span>)
and is very secret. v2.0 is published and patented :). Of course they differ,
there is no compatibility at all (it is just another legal game).
<span class="application">MPlayer</span> supports only v1.0, as nobody has ever seen
v2.0 files :). Note that ASF files nowadays come with the extension
<tt class="filename">.WMA</tt> or <tt class="filename">.WMV</tt>.
</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="mov"></a>6.1.4.聽QuickTime/MOV files</h3></div></div></div><p>
These formats were designed by Apple and can contain any codec, CBR or VBR.
They usually have a <tt class="filename">.QT</tt> or <tt class="filename">.MOV</tt>
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