makefiles.4

创建一个符合iso-9660标准的iso文件系统

.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
If you want to set up a private copy of parts of a project,
you should choose a directory inside your directory tree that will become
the shadow projects source root directory.
Then create symbolic links named 
.IR RULES " and " TEMPLATES
to the real source root.
If you don't want to modify the global include files,
create a symbolic link to the
.I include
directory too, else copy the include directory and its content.
copy the top level makefile, the 
.I Defaults
file and the
.I Targetdirs.archname 
file.
.PP
Finally copy the desired sub tree together with all
makefiles and the 
.I Targetdirs.archname 
files that are located in the directories above
your part of the project that you want to have separately.

.SH FILES
\&.\|.\|./RULES/*
.br
\&.\|.\|./DEFAULTS/*
.br
\&.\|.\|./TARGETS/*
.br
\&.\|.\|./TEMPLATES/*

.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR makerules (4),
.BR make (1),
.BR gmake (1),
.BR smake (1).
.PP
If you want to know, how to add new rules or how to add support
for new operating systems or compilers look into 
.BR makerules (4).

.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Diagnostic messages depend on the make program.
Have a look at the appropriate man page.

.SH NOTES
The scope of this manual is only the usage of 
.BR "leaf makefiles" .
If you want to make changes to the 
.B make rules
have a look at
.BR makerules (4).
.PP
.I makefiles
can be used with 
.IR "Sunpro make" ", " "Gnu make"
and 
.IR smake .
Although Gnu make runs on many platforms, it has no useful debug
output.
.PP
Use
.IR "Sunpro make" " or " "smake"
if you have problems with a makefile.
.IR "Sunpro make" " and " "smake" ,
both have a \-D flag, that allows you to watch the makefiles
after the first expansion. Use this option, if you are in doubt
if your makefile gets expanded the right way and if the right
rules are included.
There is also a \-d option that gives debugging output while 
make is running. If you want more output, use \-dd, \-ddd and so on.
.PP
.I Smake
has an option \-xM that shows you the include dependency for
make rules.

.PP
.ne 20
The following is a list of all macros that are used in 
.IR makefiles .
Do not use them unless their meaning has been explained
before.
.PP

.BR \-O_ARCH ,
.BR .OBJDIR ,
.BR .SEARCHLIST ,
.BR ALLTARGETS ,
.BR AR ,
.BR ARCH ,
.BR ARCHDIR ,
.BR ARCHDIRX ,
.BR ARCH_DONE ,
.BR ARFLAGS ,
.BR AS ,
.BR ASFLAGS ,
.BR ASMFILES ,
.BR ASOPTS ,
.BR ASOPTX ,
.BR CC ,
.BR CCOM ,
.BR CCOM_DEF ,
.BR CFILES ,
.BR CFLAGS ,
.BR CHGRP ,
.BR CHMOD ,
.BR CHOWN ,
.BR CLEAN_FILES ,
.BR CLEAN_FILEX ,
.BR CLOBBER_FILEX ,
.BR COPTDYN ,
.BR COPTGPROF ,
.BR COPTOPT ,
.BR COPTS ,
.BR COPTX ,
.BR CPP ,
.BR CPPFLAGS ,
.BR CPPOPTS ,
.BR CPPOPTX ,
.BR CTAGS ,
.BR CURDIR ,
.BR C_ARCH ,
.BR DEFAULTSDIR ,
.BR DEFAULTSROOT ,
.BR DEFCCOM ,
.BR DEFCCOM_DEF ,
.BR DEFINCDIRS ,
.BR DEFINCDIRS_DEF ,
.BR DEFINSGRP ,
.BR DEFINSMODE ,
.BR DEFINSUSR ,
.BR DEFUMASK ,
.BR DEF_ROOT ,
.BR DEP_DEP ,
.BR DEP_FILE ,
.BR DEP_SUFFIX ,
.BR DIRNAME ,
.BR DIRS ,
.BR DYNLD ,
.BR ETAGS ,
.BR FLOAT_OPTIONS ,
.BR HFILES ,
.BR HOSTNAME ,
.BR INCDIRS ,
.BR INSDIR ,
.BR INSGRP ,
.BR INSGRP_DEF ,
.BR INSMODE ,
.BR INSMODE_DEF ,
.BR INSTALL ,
.BR INSUSR ,
.BR INSUSR_DEF ,
.BR INS_BASE ,
.BR INS_KBASE ,
.BR KARCH ,
.BR KARCH_DEF ,
.BR KDEFINES ,
.BR K_ARCH ,
.BR LD ,
.BR LDCC ,
.BR LDFLAGS ,
.BR LDLIBS ,
.BR LDOPTDYN ,
.BR LDOPTS ,
.BR LDOPTX ,
.BR LDPATH ,
.BR LIBS ,
.BR LIBS_PATH ,
.BR LIBX ,
.BR LIB_KVM ,
.BR LIB_MATH ,
.BR LIB_PREFIX ,
.BR LIB_SOCKET ,
.BR LIB_SUFFIX ,
.BR LN ,
.BR LNDYNLIB ,
.BR LOCALIZE ,
.BR LORDER ,
.BR MAKE ,
.BR MK_FILES ,
.BR MAKEPROG ,
.BR MAKE_ARCH ,
.BR MAKE_HOST ,
.BR MAKE_MACH ,
.BR MAKE_M_ARCH ,
.BR MAKE_NAME ,
.BR MAKE_OS ,
.BR MAKE_OSDEFS ,
.BR MAKE_OSREL ,
.BR MANDIR ,
.BR MANFILE ,
.BR MANSECT ,
.BR MANSECT_ADMIN ,
.BR MANSECT_CMD ,
.BR MANSECT_DEMOS ,
.BR MANSECT_DEVICE ,
.BR MANSECT_DRIVER ,
.BR MANSECT_FILEFORM ,
.BR MANSECT_GAMES ,
.BR MANSECT_HDR ,
.BR MANSECT_LIB ,
.BR MANSECT_MACROS ,
.BR MANSECT_NETWORK ,
.BR MANSECT_SYSCALL ,
.BR MANSECT_TABLES ,
.BR MANSTYLE ,
.BR MANSUFFIX ,
.BR MANSUFF_ADMIN ,
.BR MANSUFF_CMD ,
.BR MANSUFF_DEMOS ,
.BR MANSUFF_DEVICE ,
.BR MANSUFF_DRIVER ,
.BR MANSUFF_FILEFORM ,
.BR MANSUFF_GAMES ,
.BR MANSUFF_HDR ,
.BR MANSUFF_LIB ,
.BR MANSUFF_MACROS ,
.BR MANSUFF_NETWORK ,
.BR MANSUFF_SYSCALL ,
.BR MANSUFF_TABLES ,
.BR MARCH ,
.BR MARCH_DEF ,
.BR MKDEP ,
.BR MKDEP_OUT ,
.BR MKDIR ,
.BR MV ,
.BR M_ARCH ,
.BR OARCH ,
.BR OARCHDIR ,
.BR OFILES ,
.BR OINCSDIR ,
.BR OLIBSDIR ,
.BR OSDEFS ,
.BR OSNAME ,
.BR OSREL ,
.BR O_ARCH ,
.BR PALLDEP_FILE ,
.BR PARCH ,
.BR PARCH_DEF ,
.BR PASMFILES ,
.BR PDEP_FILE ,
.BR PLOFILES ,
.BR POFILES ,
.BR PTARGET ,
.BR PTARGET_BASE ,
.BR PYOFILES ,
.BR P_ARCH ,
.BR RANLIB ,
.BR RM ,
.BR RMDEP ,
.BR RMTARGET ,
.BR RM_FORCE ,
.BR RM_RECURS ,
.BR RM_RF ,
.BR RULESDIR ,
.BR RUNPATH ,
.BR SCRFILE ,
.BR SHELL ,
.BR SHL_SUFFIX ,
.BR SRCFILE ,
.BR SRCLIBS ,
.BR SRCROOT ,
.BR SUBARCH ,
.BR SUBARCHDIR ,
.BR SYMLINK ,
.BR TAGS ,
.BR TARGET ,
.BR TARGETLIB ,
.BR TARGETMAN ,
.BR TARGET_BASE ,
.BR TARGET_PATH ,
.BR TSORT ,
.BR UMASK ,
.BR UMASK_DEF ,
.BR UMASK_VAL ,
.BR XARCH ,
.BR XK_ARCH ,
.BR XMK_FILE ,
.BR XMAKEPROG ,
.BR XM_ARCH ,
.BR XP_ARCH ,
.BR _CCOM ,
.BR _DEFAULTSDIR ,
.BR _DEFCCOM ,
.BR _DEFINSGRP ,
.BR _DEFINSMODE ,
.BR _DEFINSUSR ,
.BR _DEFUMASK ,
.BR _DIRNAME ,
.BR _INCDIRS ,
.BR _MAKEPROG ,
.BR _MARCH ,
.BR _M_ARCH ,
.BR _O_ARCH ,
.BR _PARCH ,
.BR _P_ARCH ,
.BR _UNIQ ,
.BR __CCOM ,
.BR __DEFAULTSDIR ,
.BR __DEFCCOM ,
.BR __DEFINSGRP ,
.BR __DEFINSMODE ,
.BR __DEFINSUSR ,
.BR __DEFUMASK ,
.BR __DIRNAME ,
.BR __INCDIRS ,
.BR __MAKEPROG ,
.BR __MARCH ,
.BR __M_ARCH ,
.BR __PARCH ,
.BR __P_ARCH ,

.SH BUGS

.SH "Source Tree Hierarchy
.LP
The following outline gives a quick tour through a typical
source hierarchy:
.LP
.na
.nh
.PD 0
.TP
.B .../
root directory of the source tree
.
.RS
.TP
.B Makefile
the top Makefile
.TP
.B Targetdirs
a file containing a list of directories that are needed
for that project.
If the system needs different target lists depending
on the target system architecture , use target specific files in
.B .../TARGETS/
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.
.TP
.B .../RULES/
the location of makefiles (included rules)
.
.RS
.TP
.B rules.top
the mandatory include rules (needed to setup basic rules)
.TP
.B rules.aux
rules needed to install a non localized auxiliary file
.TP
.B rules.cmd
rules needed to make an ordinary command (like /bin/sh)
.TP
.B rules.drv
rules needed to make a device driver
.TP
.B rules.lib
rules needed to make a standard (nonshared) library
.TP
.B rules.loc
rules needed to install a localized auxiliary file
.TP
.B rules.man
rules needed to install a localized manual page
.TP
.B rules.scr
rules needed to install a localized shell script
.TP
.B rules.shl
rules needed to make a shared library
.TP
.B rules.mks
rules needed to make more than one target in a specific directory
.TP
.B rules.dir
rules needed to make targets that are located in sub directories
to the current directory
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.
.TP
.B .../DEFAULTS/
default definitions for various target architectures are
located in this directory. Templates for some architectures can
be found in the
.I .../TEMPLATES/
directory.
.RS
.TP
.B Defaults
default definitions for that source tree. System dependent
definitions are in 
.B .../DEFAULTS/Defaults.*
.RE
.TP
.B .../TARGETS/
target list definitions for various target architectures are
located in this directory.
.TP
.B .../TEMPLATES/
templates that should be used inside the project
(rename to Makefile, if it is the only makefile in that directory, 
rename to
.I target.mk,
if there is more than one target in that directory)
.
.RS
.TP
.B Defaults
Defaults file for the source root directory
.TP
.B Defaults.linux
Defaults file for 
.IR linux .
This should be installed in the 
.B .../DEFAULTS/
directory.
.TP
.B Makefile.root
Makefile for the source root directory
.TP
.B Makefile.aux
Makefile for a non localized auxiliary file
.TP
.B Makefile.cmd
Makefile for an ordinary command (like /bin/sh)
.TP
.B Makefile.lib
Makefile for a standard (nonshared) library
.TP
.B Makefile.loc
Makefile for a localized auxiliary file
.TP
.B Makefile.man
Makefile for a localized manual page
.TP
.B Makefile_de.man
Makefile for a localized manual page in the german locale
.TP
.B Makefile.scr
Makefile for a localized shell script
.TP
.B Makefile.shl
Makefile for a shared library
.TP
.B Makefile.drv
Makefile for a device driver
.TP
.B Makefile.mks
Makefile for more than one target in a specific directory
.TP
.B Makefile.dir
Makefile for targets that are located in sub directories
to the current directory
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.
.TP
.B .../cmd/
source tree for normal commands
.
.RS
.TP
.B Makefile
the makefile for the 
.I cmd 
sub directory
.TP
.B Targetdirs.sun4m
a file containing a list of directories like 
.I myprog 
(see below) that are needed
for that specific architecture.
.TP
.B myprog/
directory where the sources for a specific command are located
.
.RS
.TP
Makefile
makefile for
.I myprog
.TP
Makefile.man
makefile for the manual page of
.I myprog
.TP
mprog.c
source for myprog
.TP
mprog.tr
troff source for the manual page of myprog
.TP
.B OBJ/
directory where system specific sub directories are located
.
.RS
.TP
.B sparc\-sunos5\-cc/
directory for binaries that belong to a specific system
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.br
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.br
.ne 5
.TP
.B .../lib/
directory where the sources for a libraries are located
.
.RS
.TP
.B Makefile
the makefile for the 
.I lib 
sub directory
.TP
.B Targetdirs.sun4m
a file containing a list of directories like 
.I libfoo
(see below) that are needed
for that specific architecture.
.TP
.B libfoo/
directory where all source files for libfoo are located
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.
.TP
.B .../kernel
directory for kernel modules
.
.RS
.TP
.B Makefile
the makefile for the 
.I kernel
sub directory
.TP
.B Targetdirs.sun4m
a file containing a list of directories like 
.I drv 
(see below) that are needed
for that specific architecture.
.TP
.B drv/
directory where drivers are located
.
.RS
.TP
.B Makefile
the makefile for the 
.I drv
sub directory
.TP
.B Targetdirs.sun4m
a file containing a list of directories like 
.I mydrv
(see below) that are needed
for that specific architecture.
.TP
.B mydrv/
source for a specific driver
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.
.TP
.B .../include
directory for global include files that are used in that project
.
.TP
.B .../bins
directory for binary programs that are created/needed while compiling
the project
.RS
.TP
.B sparc\-sunos5\-cc/
directory for binaries that belong to a specific system
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.
.TP
.B .../libs
directory for libraries that are created/needed while compiling
the project
.RS
.TP
.B sparc\-sunos5\-cc/
directory for libraries that belong to a specific system
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.
.TP
.B .../incs
directory for include files that are created/needed while compiling
the project
.RS
.TP
.B sparc\-sunos5\-cc/
directory for include files that belong to a specific system
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.TP
\&.\|.\|.
.RE
.
.ad
.PD

.SH AUTHOR
.nf
J\*org Schilling
Seestr. 110
D-13353 Berlin
Germany
.fi
.PP
Mail bugs and suggestions to:
.PP
.B
[e-mail]
or
.B
[e-mail]
or
.B
[e-mail]