mkisofs.8

创建一个符合iso-9660标准的iso文件系统

have proprietary command sets which vary from one manufacturer to
another, and you need a specialized tool to actually burn the disk.
.PP
The
.B cdrecord
utility is a utility capable of burning an actual disc.  The latest version
of
.B cdrecord
is available from
ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord
.PP
Also you should know that most cd writers are very particular about timing.
Once you start to burn a disc, you cannot let their buffer empty before you
are done, or you will end up with a corrupt disc.  Thus it is critical
that you be able to maintain an uninterrupted data stream to the writer
for the entire time that the disc is being written.
.PP
.B pathspec
is the path of the directory tree to be copied into the iso9660 filesystem.
Multiple paths can be specified, and
.B
mkisofs
will merge the files found in all of the specified path components to form the cdrom
image.
.PP
If the option
.I \-graft-points
has been specified, 
it is possible to graft the paths at points other than the root
directory, and it is possible to graft files or directories onto the
cdrom image with names different than what they have in the source filesystem.  This is
easiest to illustrate with a couple of examples.   Let's start by assuming that a local
file ../old.lis exists, and you wish to include it in the cdrom image.


	foo/bar/=../old.lis

will include the file old.lis in the cdrom image at /foo/bar/old.lis, while

	foo/bar/xxx=../old.lis

will include the file old.lis in the cdrom image at /foo/bar/xxx.  The
same sort of syntax can be used with directories as well.
.B mkisofs
will create any directories required such that the graft
points exist on the cdrom image - the directories do not need to
appear in one of the paths.  Any directories that are created on the
fly like this will have permissions 0555 and appear to be owned by the
person running mkisofs.  If you wish other permissions or owners of
the intermediate directories, the easiest solution is to create real
directories in the path such that mkisofs doesn't have to invent them.
.PP
.B mkisofs
will also run on Win9X/NT4 machines when compiled with Cygnus' cygwin
(available from http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/). Therefore most
references in this man page to
.I Unix
can be replaced with
.IR Win32 .

.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.BI \-abstract " FILE
Specifies the abstract file name.
This parameter can also be set in the file
.B \&.m\&kisofsrc
with ABST=filename.
If specified in both places, the command line version is used.
.TP
.BI \-A " application_id
Specifies a text string that will be written into the volume header.
This should describe the application that will be on the disc.  There
is space on the disc for 128 characters of information.  This parameter can
also be set in the file
.B \&.m\&kisofsrc
with APPI=id.
If specified in both places, the command line version is used.
.TP
.B \-allow-lowercase
This options allows lower case characters to appear in iso9660 filenames.
.br
This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it happens to work on some systems.
Use with caution.
.TP
.B \-allow-multidot
This options allows more than one dot to appear in iso9660 filenames.
A leading dot is not affected by this option, it
may be allowed separately using the
.B \-L
option.
.br
This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it happens to work on many systems.
Use with caution.
.TP
.BI \-biblio " FILE
Specifies the bibliographic file name.
This parameter can also be set in the file
.B \&.m\&kisofsrc
with BIBLO=filename.
If specified in both places, the command line version is used.
.TP
.BI \-b " eltorito_boot_image
Specifies the path and filename of the boot image to be used when making
an "El Torito" bootable CD. The pathname must be relative to the source
path specified to
.B mkisofs.
This option is required to make an "El Torito" bootable CD.
The boot image must be exactly the size of either a 1.2, 1.44, or a 2.88
meg floppy, and
.B mkisofs
will use this size when creating the output iso9660
filesystem. It is assumed that the first 512 byte sector should be read
from the boot image (it is essentially emulating a normal floppy drive).
This will work, for example, if the boot image is a LILO based boot floppy.
.TP
.B \-eltorito-alt-boot
Start with a new set of "El Torito" boot parameters.
This allows to have more than one El Torito boot on a CD.
A maximum of 63 El Torito boot entries may be put on a single CD.
.TP
.BI \-B " img_sun4,img_sun4c,img_sun4m,img_sun4d,img_sun4e
Specifies a comma separated list of boot images that are needed to make
a bootable CD for sparc systems.
There may be empty fields in the comma separated list.
This option is required to make a bootable CD for Sun sparc systems.
If the
.B \-B
or
.B \-sparc-boot
option has been specified, the first sector of the resulting image will
contain a Sun disk label. This disk label specifies slice 0 for the
iso9660 image and slice 1 .\|.\|. slice 7 for the boot images that
have been specified with this option. Byte offset 512 .\|.\|. 8191
within each of the additional boot images must contain a primary boot
that works for the appropriate sparc architecture. The rest of each
of the images usually contains an ufs filesystem that is used primary
kernel boot stage.
.sp
The implemented boot method is the boot method found with SunOS 4.x and SunOS 5.x.
However, it does not depend on SunOS internals but only on properties of
the Open Boot prom. For this reason, it should be usable for any OS
that boots off a sparc system.
.sp
If the special filename
.B "..."
is used, the actual and all following boot partitions are mapped to the
previous partition. If
.B mkisofs
is called with
.BI "\-G " image " \-B " ...
all boot partitions are mapped to the partition that contains the iso9660
filesystem image and the generic boot image that is located in the first
16 sectors of the disk is used for all architectures.
.TP
.BI \-G " generic_boot_image
Specifies the path and filename of the generic boot image to be used when making
a generic bootable CD.
The
.B generic_boot_image
will be placed on the first 16 sectors of the CD. The first 16 sectors
are the sectors that are located before the iso9660 primary volume descriptor.
If this option is used together with the
.B \-sparc-boot
option, the Sun disk label will overlay the first 512 bytes of the generic
boot image.
.TP
.BI \-hard-disk-boot
Specifies that the boot image used to create "El Torito" bootable CDs is
a hard disk image. The hard disk image must begin with a master boot
record that contains a single partition.
.TP
.BI \-no-emul-boot
Specifies that the boot image used to create "El Torito" bootable CDs is
a 'no emulation' image. The system will load and execute this image without
performing any disk emulation.
.TP
.BI \-no-boot
Specifies that the created "El Torito" CD should be marked as not bootable. The
system will provide an emulated drive for the image, but will boot off
a standard boot device.
.TP
.BI \-boot-load-seg " segment_address
Specifies the load segment address of the boot image for no-emulation
"El Torito" CDs.
.TP
.BI \-boot-load-size " load_sectors
Specifies the number of "virtual" (512-byte) sectors to load in
no-emulation mode.  The default is to load the entire boot file.  Some
BIOSes may have problems if this is not a multiple of 4.
.TP
.BI \-boot-info-table
Specifies that a 56-byte table with information of the CD-ROM layout
will be patched in at offset 8 in the boot file.  If this option is
given, the boot file is modified in the source filesystem, so make
sure to make a copy if this file cannot be easily regenerated!  See
the
.B "EL TORITO BOOT INFO TABLE
section for a description of this table.
.TP
.BI \-C " last_sess_start,next_sess_start
This option is needed when
.B mkisofs
is used to create the image of a second session or a higher level session
for a multi session disk.
The option
.B \-C
takes a pair of two numbers separated by a comma. The first number is the
sector number of the first sector in the last session of the disk
that should be appended to.
The second number is the starting sector number of the new session.
The expected pair of numbers may be retrieved by calling
.B "cdrecord \-msinfo ...
the
.B \-C
option may only be uses in conjunction with the
.B \-M
option.
.TP
.BI \-c " boot_catalog
Specifies the path and filename of the boot catalog to be used when making
an "El Torito" bootable CD. The pathname must be relative to the source
path specified to
.B mkisofs.
This option is required to make a bootable CD.
This file will be inserted into the output tree and not created
in the source filesystem, so be
sure the specified filename does not conflict with an existing file, as
it will be excluded. Usually a name like "boot.catalog" is
chosen.
.TP
.B \-check-oldnames
Check all filenames imported from old session for compliance with
actual 
.B mkisofs 
iso9660 file naming rules.
It his option is not present, only names with a length > 31 are checked
as these files are a hard violation of the iso9660 standard.
.TP
.BI \-copyright " FILE
Specifies the Copyright file name.
This parameter can also be set in the file
.B \&.m\&kisofsrc
with COPY=filename.
If specified in both places, the command line version is used.
.TP
.B \-d
Omit trailing period from files that do not have a period.
.br
This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it happens to work on many systems.
Use with caution.
.TP
.B \-D
Do not use deep directory relocation, and instead just pack them in the
way we see them.
.br
This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it happens to work on many systems.
Use with caution.
.TP
.B \-f
Follow symbolic links when generating the filesystem.  When this option is not
in use, symbolic links will be entered using Rock Ridge if enabled, otherwise
the file will be ignored.
.TP
.B \-gui
Switch the behaviour for a GUI. This currently makes the output more verbose
but may have other effects in future.
.TP
.B \-graft-points
Allow to use graft points for filenames. If this option is used, all filenames
are checked for graft points. The filename is divided at the first unescaped
equal sign. All occurrences of '\\\\' and '=' characters must be escaped with '\\\\'
if 
.I \-graft-points
has been specified.
.TP
.BI \-hide " glob
Hide
.I glob
from being seen on the ISO9660 or Rock Ridge directory.
.I glob
is a shell wild-card-style pattern that must match any part of the filename 
or path.
Multiple globs may be hidden.
If
.I glob
matches a directory, then the contents of that directory will be hidden.
All the hidden files will still be written to the output CD image file.
Should be used with the
.B \-hide-joliet
option.
.TP
.BI \-hide-list " file
A file containing a list of
.I globs
to be hidden as above.
.TP
.BI \-hidden " glob
Add the hidden (existence) ISO9660 directory attribute for
.IR glob .
This attribute will prevent 
.I glob
from being listed on DOS based systems if the /A flag is not used for the listing.
.I glob
is a shell wild-card-style pattern that must match any part of the filename 
or path.
Multiple globs may be hidden.
.TP
.BI \-hidden-list " file
A file containing a list of
.I globs
to get the hidden attribute as above.
.TP
.BI \-hide-joliet " glob
Hide
.I glob
from being seen on the Joliet directory.
.I glob
is a shell wild-card-style pattern that must match any part of the filename 
or path.
Multiple globs may be hidden.
If
.I glob
matches a directory, then the contents of that directory will be hidden.
All the hidden files will still be written to the output CD image file.
Should be used with the
.B \-hide
option.
.TP
.BI \-hide-joliet-list " file
A file containing a list of
.I globs
to be hidden as above.
.TP
.B \-hide-joliet-trans-tbl
Hide the
.B TRANS.TBL
files from the Joliet tree.
These files usually don't make sense in the Joliet World as they list
the real name and the ISO9660 name which may both be different from the
Joliet name.
.TP
.B \-hide-rr-moved
Rename the directory
.B RR_MOVED
to
.B .rr_moved
in the Rock Ridge tree.
It seems to be impossible to completely hide the
.B RR_MOVED
directory from the Rock Ridge tree.
This option only makes the visible tree better to understand for
people who don't know what this directory is for.
If you need to have no
.B RR_MOVED
directory at all, you should use the
.B \-D
option. Note that in case that the
.B \-D
option has been specified, the resulting filesystem is not ISO9660
level-1 compliant and will not be readable on MS-DOS.
.TP
.B \-l
Allow full 31 character filenames.  Normally the ISO9660 filename will be in an
8.3 format which is compatible with MS-DOS, even though the ISO9660 standard
allows filenames of up to 31 characters.  If you use this option, the disc may
be difficult to use on a MS-DOS system, but this comes in handy on some other
systems (such as the Amiga).
Use with caution.
.TP
.BI \-iso-level " level
Set the iso9660 conformance level. Valid numbers are 1..3.
.sp
With level 1, files may only consist of one section and filenames are
restricted to 8.3 characters.
.sp
With level 2, files may only consist of one section.
.sp
With level 3, no restrictions apply.
.sp
With all iso9660 levels all filenames are restricted to upper
case letters, numbers and the underscore (_). The maximum filename
length is restricted to 31 characters, the directory nesting level
is restricted to 8 and the maximum path length is limited to 255 characters.
.TP
.B \-J
Generate Joliet directory records in addition to regular iso9660 file
names.  This is primarily useful when the discs are to be used on Windows-NT
or Windows-95 machines.   The Joliet filenames are specified in Unicode and
each path component can be up to 64 Unicode characters long.
.TP
.BI \-jcharset " charset
Local charset that should be used for translating local file names into
Joliet Unicode directory records.
To get a list of valid charset names, call
.B "mkisofs \-jcharset help.
To get a 1:1 mapping, you may use
.B default
as charset name. The default initial values are
.I cp437
on DOS based systems and
.I iso8859-1
on all other systems.
If the
.B \-jcharset
option is specified, the
.B \-J
option is implied.
.TP
.B \-L
Allow ISO9660 filenames to begin with a period.  Usually, a leading dot is
replaced with an underscore in order to maintain MS-DOS compatibility.
.br
This violates the ISO9660 standard, but it happens to work on many systems.
Use with caution.
.TP
.BI \-log-file " log_file
Redirect all error, warning and informational messages to
.I log_file
instead of the standard error.
.TP
.BI \-m " glob
Exclude
.I glob
from being written to CDROM.
.I glob
is a shell wild-card-style pattern that must match part of the filename (not 
the path as with option
.BR \-x ).
Technically
.I glob
is matched against the
.I d->d_name
part of the directory entry.
Multiple globs may be excluded.
Example:

mkisofs \-o rom \-m '*.o' \-m core \-m foobar

would exclude all files ending in ".o", called "core" or "foobar" to be
copied to CDROM. Note that if you had a directory called "foobar" it too (and
of course all its descendants) would be excluded.
.sp
NOTE: The \-m and \-x option description should both be updated, they are wrong.
Both now work identical and use filename globbing. A file is excluded if either
the last component matches or the whole path matches.
.TP
.BI \-exclude-list " file
A file containing a list of