encode::supported.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Encode::Supported 3"
.TH Encode::Supported 3 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
Encode::Supported \-\- Encodings supported by Encode
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
.Sh "Encoding Names"
.IX Subsection "Encoding Names"
Encoding names are case insensitive. White space in names
is ignored.  In addition, an encoding may have aliases.
Each encoding has one \*(L"canonical\*(R" name.  The \*(L"canonical\*(R"
name is chosen from the names of the encoding by picking
the first in the following sequence (with a few exceptions).
.IP "\(bu" 2
The name used by the Perl community.  That includes 'utf8' and 'ascii'.
Unlike aliases, canonical names directly reach the method so such
frequently used words like 'utf8' don't need to do alias lookups.
.IP "\(bu" 2
The \s-1MIME\s0 name as defined in \s-1IETF\s0 RFCs.  This includes all \*(L"iso\-\*(R"s.
.IP "\(bu" 2
The name in the \s-1IANA\s0 registry.
.IP "\(bu" 2
The name used by the organization that defined it.
.PP
In case \fIde jure\fR canonical names differ from that of the Encode
module, they are always aliased if it ever be implemented.  So you can
safely tell if a given encoding is implemented or not just by passing 
the canonical name.
.PP
Because of all the alias issues, and because in the general case 
encodings have state, \*(L"Encode\*(R" uses an encoding object internally 
once an operation is in progress.
.SH "Supported Encodings"
.IX Header "Supported Encodings"
As of Perl 5.8.0, at least the following encodings are recognized.
Note that unless otherwise specified, they are all case insensitive
(via alias) and all occurrence of spaces are replaced with '\-'.
In other words, \*(L"\s-1ISO\s0 8859 1\*(R" and \*(L"iso\-8859\-1\*(R" are identical.
.PP
Encodings are categorized and implemented in several different modules
but you don't have to \f(CW\*(C`use Encode::XX\*(C'\fR to make them available for
most cases.  Encode.pm will automatically load those modules on demand.
.Sh "Built-in Encodings"
.IX Subsection "Built-in Encodings"
The following encodings are always available.
.PP
.Vb 8
\&  Canonical     Aliases                      Comments & References
\&  \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\&  ascii         US\-ascii ISO\-646\-US                         [ECMA]
\&  ascii\-ctrl                                      Special Encoding
\&  iso\-8859\-1    latin1                                       [ISO]
\&  null                                            Special Encoding
\&  utf8          UTF\-8                                    [RFC2279]
\&  \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
.Ve
.PP
\&\fInull\fR and \fIascii-ctrl\fR are special.  \*(L"null\*(R" fails for all character
so when you set fallback mode to \s-1PERLQQ\s0, \s-1HTMLCREF\s0 or \s-1XMLCREF\s0, \s-1ALL\s0
\&\s-1CHARACTERS\s0 will fall back to character references.  Ditto for
\&\*(L"ascii-ctrl\*(R" except for control characters.  For fallback modes, see
Encode.
.Sh "Encode::Unicode \*(-- other Unicode encodings"
.IX Subsection "Encode::Unicode  other Unicode encodings"
Unicode coding schemes other than native utf8 are supported by
Encode::Unicode, which will be autoloaded on demand.
.PP
.Vb 11
\&  \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\&  UCS\-2BE       UCS\-2, iso\-10646\-1                      [IANA, UC]
\&  UCS\-2LE                                                     [UC]
\&  UTF\-16                                                      [UC]
\&  UTF\-16BE                                                    [UC]
\&  UTF\-16LE                                                    [UC]
\&  UTF\-32                                                      [UC]
\&  UTF\-32BE      UCS\-4                                         [UC]
\&  UTF\-32LE                                                    [UC]
\&  UTF\-7                                                  [RFC2152]
\&  \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
.Ve
.PP
To find how (UCS\-2|UTF\-(16|32))(LE|BE)? differ from one another,
see Encode::Unicode.
.PP
\&\s-1UTF\-7\s0 is a special encoding which \*(L"re-encodes\*(R" \s-1UTF\-16BE\s0 into a 7\-bit
encoding.  It is implemented seperately by Encode::Unicode::UTF7.
.Sh "Encode::Byte \*(-- Extended \s-1ASCII\s0"
.IX Subsection "Encode::Byte  Extended ASCII"
Encode::Byte implements most single-byte encodings except for
Symbols and \s-1EBCDIC\s0. The following encodings are based on single-byte
encodings implemented as extended \s-1ASCII\s0.  Most of them map
\&\ex80\-\exff (upper half) to non-ASCII characters.
.IP "\s-1ISO\-8859\s0 and corresponding vendor mappings" 2
.IX Item "ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings"
Since there are so many, they are presented in table format with
languages and corresponding encoding names by vendors.  Note that
the table is sorted in order of \s-1ISO\-8859\s0 and the corresponding vendor
mappings are slightly different from that of \s-1ISO\s0.  See
<http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html> for details.
.Sp
.Vb 10
\&  Lang/Regions  ISO/Other Std.  DOS     Windows Macintosh  Others
\&  \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\&  N. America    (ASCII)         cp437        AdobeStandardEncoding
\&                                cp863 (DOSCanadaF)
\&  W. Europe     iso\-8859\-1      cp850   cp1252  MacRoman  nextstep
\&                                                         hp\-roman8
\&                                cp860 (DOSPortuguese)
\&  Cntrl. Europe iso\-8859\-2      cp852   cp1250  MacCentralEurRoman
\&                                                MacCroatian
\&                                                MacRomanian
\&                                                MacRumanian
\&  Latin3[1]     iso\-8859\-3      
\&  Latin4[2]     iso\-8859\-4              
\&  Cyrillics     iso\-8859\-5      cp855   cp1251  MacCyrillic
\&    (See also next section)     cp866           MacUkrainian
\&  Arabic        iso\-8859\-6      cp864   cp1256  MacArabic
\&                                cp1006          MacFarsi
\&  Greek         iso\-8859\-7      cp737   cp1253  MacGreek
\&                                cp869 (DOSGreek2)
\&  Hebrew        iso\-8859\-8      cp862   cp1255  MacHebrew
\&  Turkish       iso\-8859\-9      cp857   cp1254  MacTurkish
\&  Nordics       iso\-8859\-10     cp865
\&                                cp861           MacIcelandic
\&                                                MacSami
\&  Thai          iso\-8859\-11[3]  cp874           MacThai
\&  (iso\-8859\-12 is nonexistent. Reserved for Indics?)
\&  Baltics       iso\-8859\-13     cp775           cp1257
\&  Celtics       iso\-8859\-14
\&  Latin9 [4]    iso\-8859\-15
\&  Latin10       iso\-8859\-16
\&  Vietnamese    viscii                  cp1258  MacVietnamese
\&  \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\&
\&  [1] Esperanto, Maltese, and Turkish. Turkish is now on 8859\-9.
\&  [2] Baltics.  Now on 8859\-10, except for Latvian.
\&  [3] TIS 620 +  Non\-Breaking Space (0xA0 / U+00A0)
\&  [4] Nicknamed Latin0; the Euro sign as well as French and Finnish
\&      letters that are missing from 8859\-1 were added.
.Ve
.Sp
All cp* are also available as ibm\-*, ms\-*, and windows\-* .  See also
<http://czyborra.com/charsets/codepages.html>.
.Sp
Macintosh encodings don't seem to be registered in such entities as
\&\s-1IANA\s0.  \*(L"Canonical\*(R" names in Encode are based upon Apple's Tech Note
1150.  See <http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1150.html> 
for details.
.IP "\s-1KOI8\s0 \- De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world" 2
.IX Item "KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world"
Though \s-1ISO\-8859\s0 does have \s-1ISO\-8859\-5\s0, the \s-1KOI8\s0 series is far more
popular in the Net.   Encode comes with the following \s-1KOI\s0 charsets.
For gory details, see <http://czyborra.com/charsets/cyrillic.html>
.Sp
.Vb 5
\&  \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
\&  koi8\-f                                        
\&  koi8\-r cp878                                           [RFC1489]
\&  koi8\-u                                                 [RFC2319]
\&  \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
.Ve
.Sh "gsm0338 \- Hentai Latin 1"
.IX Subsection "gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1"
\&\s-1GSM0338\s0 is for \s-1GSM\s0 handsets. Though it shares alphanumerals with
\&\s-1ASCII\s0, control character ranges and other parts are mapped very
differently, mainly to store Greek characters.  There are also escape
sequences (starting with 0x1B) to cover e.g. the Euro sign.
.PP
This was once handled by Encode::Bytes but because of all those
unusual specifications, Encode 2.20 has relocated the support to
Encode::GSM0338. See Encode::GSM0338 for details.
.IP "gsm0338 support before 2.19" 2
.IX Item "gsm0338 support before 2.19"
Some special cases like a trailing 0x00 byte or a lone 0x1B byte are not
well-defined and \fIdecode()\fR will return an empty string for them.