dbi::faq.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "DBI::FAQ 3"
.TH DBI::FAQ 3 "2007-05-09" "perl v5.10.0" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.SH "NAME"
DBI::FAQ \-\- The Frequently Asked Questions for the Perl5 Database Interface
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&    perldoc DBI::FAQ
.Ve
.SH "VERSION"
.IX Header "VERSION"
This document is currently at version \fI0.38\fR, as of \fIFebruary 8th, 2000\fR.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This document serves to answer the most frequently asked questions on both
the \s-1DBI\s0 Mailing Lists and personally to members of the \s-1DBI\s0 development team.
.SH "Basic Information & Information Sources"
.IX Header "Basic Information & Information Sources"
.Sh "1.1 What is \s-1DBI\s0, DBperl, Oraperl and *perl?"
.IX Subsection "1.1 What is DBI, DBperl, Oraperl and *perl?"
To quote Tim Bunce, the architect and author of \s-1DBI:\s0
.PP
.Vb 4
\&    \`\`DBI is a database access Application Programming Interface (API)
\&      for the Perl Language. The DBI API Specification defines a set
\&      of functions, variables and conventions that provide a consistent
\&      database interface independant of the actual database being used.\*(Aq\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
In simple language, the \s-1DBI\s0 interface allows users to access multiple database
types transparently. So, if you connecting to an Oracle, Informix, mSQL, Sybase
or whatever database, you don't need to know the underlying mechanics of the
3GL layer. The \s-1API\s0 defined by \s-1DBI\s0 will work on \fIall\fR these database types.
.PP
A similar benefit is gained by the ability to connect to two \fIdifferent\fR
databases of different vendor within the one perl script, \fIie\fR, I want
to read data from an Oracle database and insert it back into an Informix
database all within one program. The \s-1DBI\s0 layer allows you to do this simply
and powerfully.
.PP
\&\fIDBperl\fR is the old name for the interface specification. It's usually
now used to denote perl\fI4\fR modules on database interfacing, such as,
\&\fIoraperl\fR, \fIisqlperl\fR, \fIingperl\fR and so on. These interfaces
didn't have a standard \s-1API\s0 and are generally \fInot\fR supported.
.PP
Here's a list of DBperl modules, their corresponding \s-1DBI\s0 counterparts and
support information. \fIPlease note\fR, the author's listed here generally
\&\fIdo not\fR maintain the \s-1DBI\s0 module for the same database. These email
addresses are unverified and should only be used for queries concerning the
perl4 modules listed below. \s-1DBI\s0 driver queries should be directed to the
\&\fIdbi-users\fR mailing list.
.PP
.Vb 10
\&    Module Name Database Required   Author          DBI
\&    \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-   \-\-\-\-\-\-          \-\-\-
\&    Sybperl     Sybase              Michael Peppler DBD::Sybase
\&                                    <[e-mail]>
\&    Oraperl     Oracle 6 & 7        Kevin Stock     DBD::Oracle
\&                                    <dbi\[e-mail]>
\&    Ingperl     Ingres              Tim Bunce &     DBD::Ingres
\&                                    Ted Lemon
\&                                    <dbi\[e-mail]>
\&    Interperl   Interbase           Buzz Moschetti  DBD::Interbase
\&                                    <[e-mail]>
\&    Uniperl     Unify 5.0           Rick Wargo      None
\&                                    <[e-mail]>
\&    Pgperl      Postgres            Igor Metz       DBD::Pg
\&                                    <[e-mail]>
\&    Btreeperl   NDBM                John Conover    SDBM?
\&                                    <[e-mail]>
\&    Ctreeperl   C\-Tree              John Conover    None
\&                                    <[e-mail]>
\&    Cisamperl   Informix C\-ISAM     Mathias Koerber None
\&                                    <[e-mail]>
\&    Duaperl     X.500 Directory     Eric Douglas    None
\&                User Agent
.Ve
.PP
However, some \s-1DBI\s0 modules have DBperl emulation layers, so, \fIDBD::Oracle\fR
comes with an Oraperl emulation layer, which allows you to run legacy oraperl
scripts without modification. The emulation layer translates the oraperl \s-1API\s0
calls into \s-1DBI\s0 calls and executes them through the \s-1DBI\s0 switch.
.PP
Here's a table of emulation layer information:
.PP
.Vb 8
\&    Module                  Emulation Layer     Status
\&    \-\-\-\-\-\-          \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-     \-\-\-\-\-\-
\&    DBD::Oracle     Oraperl             Complete
\&    DBD::Informix   Isqlperl            Under development
\&    DBD::Ingres     Ingperl             Complete?
\&    DBD::Sybase     Sybperl             Working? ( Needs verification )
\&    DBD::mSQL       Msqlperl            Experimentally released with 
\&                                        DBD::mSQL\-0.61
.Ve
.PP
The \fIMsqlperl\fR emulation is a special case. \fIMsqlperl\fR is a perl5 driver
for \fImSQL\fR databases, but does not conform to the \s-1DBI\s0 Specification. It's
use is being deprecated in favour of \fIDBD::mSQL\fR. \fIMsqlperl\fR may be downloaded
from \s-1CPAN\s0 \fIvia\fR:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    http://www.perl.com/cgi\-bin/cpan_mod?module=Msqlperl
.Ve
.Sh "1.2. Where can I get it from?"
.IX Subsection "1.2. Where can I get it from?"
The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network
resources should be used for retrieving up-to-date versions of the \s-1DBI\s0
and drivers. \s-1CPAN\s0 may be accessed \fIvia\fR Tom Christiansen's splendid 
\&\fI\s-1CPAN\s0 multiplexer\fR program located at:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
.Ve
.PP
For more specific version information and exact URLs of drivers, please see
the \s-1DBI\s0 drivers list and the \s-1DBI\s0 module pages which can be found on:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    http://dbi.perl.org/
\&    http://www.symbolstone.org/technology/perl/DBI
.Ve
.PP
This list is automatically generated on a nightly basis from \s-1CPAN\s0 and should
be up-to-date.
.Sh "1.3. Where can I get more information?"
.IX Subsection "1.3. Where can I get more information?"
There are a few information sources on \s-1DBI\s0.
.ie n .IP "\fI""Programming the Perl \s-1DBI\s0""\fR" 4
.el .IP "\fI``Programming the Perl \s-1DBI\s0''\fR" 4
.IX Item "Programming the Perl DBI"
\&\*(L"Programming the Perl \s-1DBI\s0\*(R" is the \fIofficial\fR book on the \s-1DBI\s0 written by
Alligator Descartes and Tim Bunce and published by O'Reilly & Associates.
The book was released on February 9th, 2000.
.Sp
The table of contents is:
.Sp
.Vb 10
\&    Preface
\&    1. Introduction
\&        From Mainframes to Workstations
\&        Perl
\&        DBI in the Real World
\&        A Historical Interlude and Standing Stones
\&    2. Basic Non\-DBI Databases
\&        Storage Managers and Layers
\&        Query Languages and Data Functions
\&        Standing Stones and the Sample Database
\&        Flat\-File Databases
\&        Putting Complex Data into Flat Files
\&        Concurrent Database Access and Locking
\&        DBM Files and the Berkeley Database Manager
\&        The MLDBM Module
\&        Summary
\&    3. SQL and Relational Databases
\&        The Relational Database Methodology
\&        Datatypes and NULL Values
\&        Querying Data
\&        Modifying Data Within Tables
\&        Creating and Destroying Tables
\&    4. Programming with the DBI
\&        DBI Architecture
\&        Handles
\&        Data Source Names
\&        Connection and Disconnection
\&        Error Handling
\&        Utility Methods and Functions
\&    5. Interacting with the Database
\&        Issuing Simple Queries
\&        Executing Non\-SELECT Statements
\&        Binding Parameters to Statements
\&        Binding Output Columns
\&        do() Versus prepare()
\&        Atomic and Batch Fetching
\&    6. Advanced DBI
\&        Handle Attributes and Metadata
\&        Handling LONG/LOB Data
\&        Transactions, Locking, and Isolation
\&    7. ODBC and the DBI
\&        ODBC \-\- Embraced and Extended
\&        DBI \-\- Thrashed and Mutated
\&        The Nuts and Bolts of ODBC
\&        ODBC from Perl
\&        The Marriage of DBI and ODBC
\&        Questions and Choices
\&        Moving Between Win32::ODBC and the DBI
\&        And What About ADO?
\&    8. DBI Shell and Database Proxying
\&        dbish \-\- The DBI Shell
\&        Database Proxying
\&    A. DBI Specification
\&    B. Driver and Database Characteristics
\&    C. ASLaN Sacred Site Charter
\&    Index
.Ve
.Sp
The book should be available from all good bookshops and can be ordered online
either <I>via</I> O'Reilly & Associates
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&    http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perldbi
.Ve
.Sp
or Amazon
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&    http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1565926994/dbi
.Ve
.IP "\fI\s-1POD\s0 documentation\fR" 4
.IX Item "POD documentation"
\&\fI\s-1POD\s0\fRs are chunks of documentation usually embedded within perl programs
that document the code ``\fIin place\fR'', providing a useful resource for
programmers and users of modules. \s-1POD\s0 for \s-1DBI\s0 and drivers is beginning to 
become more commonplace, and documentation for these modules can be read
with the \f(CW\*(C`perldoc\*(C'\fR program included with Perl.
.RS 4
.IP "The \s-1DBI\s0 Specification" 4
.IX Item "The DBI Specification"
The \s-1POD\s0 for the \s-1DBI\s0 Specification can be read with the:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&    perldoc DBI
.Ve
.Sp
command. The Specification also forms Appendix A of \*(L"Programming the Perl
\&\s-1DBI\s0\*(R".