pod::usage.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Pod::Usage 3"
.TH Pod::Usage 3 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
Pod::Usage, pod2usage() \- print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&  use Pod::Usage
\&
\&  my $message_text  = "This text precedes the usage message.";
\&  my $exit_status   = 2;          ## The exit status to use
\&  my $verbose_level = 0;          ## The verbose level to use
\&  my $filehandle    = \e*STDERR;   ## The filehandle to write to
\&
\&  pod2usage($message_text);
\&
\&  pod2usage($exit_status);
\&
\&  pod2usage( { \-message => $message_text ,
\&               \-exitval => $exit_status  ,  
\&               \-verbose => $verbose_level,  
\&               \-output  => $filehandle } );
\&
\&  pod2usage(   \-msg     => $message_text ,
\&               \-exitval => $exit_status  ,  
\&               \-verbose => $verbose_level,  
\&               \-output  => $filehandle   );
\&
\&  pod2usage(   \-verbose => 2,
\&               \-noperldoc => 1  )
.Ve
.SH "ARGUMENTS"
.IX Header "ARGUMENTS"
\&\fBpod2usage\fR should be given either a single argument, or a list of
arguments corresponding to an associative array (a \*(L"hash\*(R"). When a single
argument is given, it should correspond to exactly one of the following:
.IP "\(bu" 4
A string containing the text of a message to print \fIbefore\fR printing
the usage message
.IP "\(bu" 4
A numeric value corresponding to the desired exit status
.IP "\(bu" 4
A reference to a hash
.PP
If more than one argument is given then the entire argument list is
assumed to be a hash.  If a hash is supplied (either as a reference or
as a list) it should contain one or more elements with the following
keys:
.ie n .IP """\-message""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-message\fR" 4
.IX Item "-message"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP """\-msg""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-msg\fR" 4
.IX Item "-msg"
.PD
The text of a message to print immediately prior to printing the
program's usage message.
.ie n .IP """\-exitval""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-exitval\fR" 4
.IX Item "-exitval"
The desired exit status to pass to the \fB\f(BIexit()\fB\fR function.
This should be an integer, or else the string \*(L"\s-1NOEXIT\s0\*(R" to
indicate that control should simply be returned without
terminating the invoking process.
.ie n .IP """\-verbose""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-verbose\fR" 4
.IX Item "-verbose"
The desired level of \*(L"verboseness\*(R" to use when printing the usage
message. If the corresponding value is 0, then only the \*(L"\s-1SYNOPSIS\s0\*(R"
section of the pod documentation is printed. If the corresponding value
is 1, then the \*(L"\s-1SYNOPSIS\s0\*(R" section, along with any section entitled
\&\*(L"\s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R", \*(L"\s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\*(R", or \*(L"\s-1OPTIONS\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\*(R" is printed.  If the
corresponding value is 2 or more then the entire manpage is printed.
.Sp
The special verbosity level 99 requires to also specify the \-sections
parameter; then these sections are extracted (see Pod::Select)
and printed.
.ie n .IP """\-sections""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-sections\fR" 4
.IX Item "-sections"
A string representing a selection list for sections to be printed
when \-verbose is set to 99, e.g. \f(CW"NAME|SYNOPSIS|DESCRIPTION|VERSION"\fR.
.ie n .IP """\-output""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-output\fR" 4
.IX Item "-output"
A reference to a filehandle, or the pathname of a file to which the
usage message should be written. The default is \f(CW\*(C`\e*STDERR\*(C'\fR unless the
exit value is less than 2 (in which case the default is \f(CW\*(C`\e*STDOUT\*(C'\fR).
.ie n .IP """\-input""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-input\fR" 4
.IX Item "-input"
A reference to a filehandle, or the pathname of a file from which the
invoking script's pod documentation should be read.  It defaults to the
file indicated by \f(CW$0\fR (\f(CW$PROGRAM_NAME\fR for users of \fIEnglish.pm\fR).
.ie n .IP """\-pathlist""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-pathlist\fR" 4
.IX Item "-pathlist"
A list of directory paths. If the input file does not exist, then it
will be searched for in the given directory list (in the order the
directories appear in the list). It defaults to the list of directories
implied by \f(CW$ENV{PATH}\fR. The list may be specified either by a reference
to an array, or by a string of directory paths which use the same path
separator as \f(CW$ENV{PATH}\fR on your system (e.g., \f(CW\*(C`:\*(C'\fR for Unix, \f(CW\*(C`;\*(C'\fR for
MSWin32 and \s-1DOS\s0).
.ie n .IP """\-noperldoc""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW\-noperldoc\fR" 4
.IX Item "-noperldoc"
By default, Pod::Usage will call perldoc when \-verbose >= 2 is
specified. This does not work well e.g. if the script was packed
with \s-1PAR\s0. The \-noperldoc option suppresses the external call to
perldoc and uses the simple text formatter (Pod::Text) to 
output the \s-1POD\s0.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBpod2usage\fR will print a usage message for the invoking script (using
its embedded pod documentation) and then exit the script with the
desired exit status. The usage message printed may have any one of three
levels of \*(L"verboseness\*(R": If the verbose level is 0, then only a synopsis
is printed. If the verbose level is 1, then the synopsis is printed
along with a description (if present) of the command line options and