b::concise.3

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.IP "\fB#firstaddr\fR" 4
.IX Item "#firstaddr"
The address of the \s-1OP\s0's first child, in hexadecimal.
.IP "\fB#flags\fR" 4
.IX Item "#flags"
The \s-1OP\s0's flags, abbreviated as a series of symbols.
.IP "\fB#flagval\fR" 4
.IX Item "#flagval"
The numeric value of the \s-1OP\s0's flags.
.IP "\fB#hints\fR" 4
.IX Item "#hints"
The \s-1COP\s0's hint flags, rendered with abbreviated names if possible. An empty
string if this is not a \s-1COP\s0. Here are the symbols used:
.Sp
.Vb 10
\&    $ strict refs
\&    & strict subs
\&    * strict vars
\&    i integers
\&    l locale
\&    b bytes
\&    [ arybase
\&    { block scope
\&    % localise %^H
\&    < open in
\&    > open out
\&    I overload int
\&    F overload float
\&    B overload binary
\&    S overload string
\&    R overload re
\&    T taint
\&    E eval
\&    X filetest access
\&    U utf\-8
.Ve
.IP "\fB#hintsval\fR" 4
.IX Item "#hintsval"
The numeric value of the \s-1COP\s0's hint flags, or an empty string if this is not
a \s-1COP\s0.
.IP "\fB#hyphseq\fR" 4
.IX Item "#hyphseq"
The sequence number of the \s-1OP\s0, or a hyphen if it doesn't have one.
.IP "\fB#label\fR" 4
.IX Item "#label"
\&'\s-1NEXT\s0', '\s-1LAST\s0', or '\s-1REDO\s0' if the \s-1OP\s0 is a target of one of those in exec
mode, or empty otherwise.
.IP "\fB#lastaddr\fR" 4
.IX Item "#lastaddr"
The address of the \s-1OP\s0's last child, in hexadecimal.
.IP "\fB#name\fR" 4
.IX Item "#name"
The \s-1OP\s0's name.
.IP "\fB#NAME\fR" 4
.IX Item "#NAME"
The \s-1OP\s0's name, in all caps.
.IP "\fB#next\fR" 4
.IX Item "#next"
The sequence number of the \s-1OP\s0's next \s-1OP\s0.
.IP "\fB#nextaddr\fR" 4
.IX Item "#nextaddr"
The address of the \s-1OP\s0's next \s-1OP\s0, in hexadecimal.
.IP "\fB#noise\fR" 4
.IX Item "#noise"
A one\- or two-character abbreviation for the \s-1OP\s0's name.
.IP "\fB#private\fR" 4
.IX Item "#private"
The \s-1OP\s0's private flags, rendered with abbreviated names if possible.
.IP "\fB#privval\fR" 4
.IX Item "#privval"
The numeric value of the \s-1OP\s0's private flags.
.IP "\fB#seq\fR" 4
.IX Item "#seq"
The sequence number of the \s-1OP\s0. Note that this is a sequence number
generated by B::Concise.
.IP "\fB#seqnum\fR" 4
.IX Item "#seqnum"
5.8.x and earlier only. 5.9 and later do not provide this.
.Sp
The real sequence number of the \s-1OP\s0, as a regular number and not adjusted
to be relative to the start of the real program. (This will generally be
a fairly large number because all of \fBB::Concise\fR is compiled before
your program is).
.IP "\fB#opt\fR" 4
.IX Item "#opt"
Whether or not the op has been optimised by the peephole optimiser.
.Sp
Only available in 5.9 and later.
.IP "\fB#sibaddr\fR" 4
.IX Item "#sibaddr"
The address of the \s-1OP\s0's next youngest sibling, in hexadecimal.
.IP "\fB#svaddr\fR" 4
.IX Item "#svaddr"
The address of the \s-1OP\s0's \s-1SV\s0, if it has an \s-1SV\s0, in hexadecimal.
.IP "\fB#svclass\fR" 4
.IX Item "#svclass"
The class of the \s-1OP\s0's \s-1SV\s0, if it has one, in all caps (e.g., '\s-1IV\s0').
.IP "\fB#svval\fR" 4
.IX Item "#svval"
The value of the \s-1OP\s0's \s-1SV\s0, if it has one, in a short human-readable format.
.IP "\fB#targ\fR" 4
.IX Item "#targ"
The numeric value of the \s-1OP\s0's targ.
.IP "\fB#targarg\fR" 4
.IX Item "#targarg"
The name of the variable the \s-1OP\s0's targ refers to, if any, otherwise the
letter t followed by the \s-1OP\s0's targ in decimal.
.IP "\fB#targarglife\fR" 4
.IX Item "#targarglife"
Same as \fB#targarg\fR, but followed by the \s-1COP\s0 sequence numbers that delimit
the variable's lifetime (or 'end' for a variable in an open scope) for a
variable.
.IP "\fB#typenum\fR" 4
.IX Item "#typenum"
The numeric value of the \s-1OP\s0's type, in decimal.
.SH "One-Liner Command tips"
.IX Header "One-Liner Command tips"
.IP "perl \-MO=Concise,bar foo.pl" 4
.IX Item "perl -MO=Concise,bar foo.pl"
Renders only \fIbar()\fR from foo.pl.  To see main, drop the ',bar'.  To see
both, add ',\-main'
.IP "perl \-MDigest::MD5=md5 \-MO=Concise,md5 \-e1" 4
.IX Item "perl -MDigest::MD5=md5 -MO=Concise,md5 -e1"
Identifies md5 as an \s-1XS\s0 function.  The export is needed so that \s-1BC\s0 can
find it in main.
.IP "perl \-MPOSIX \-MO=Concise,_POSIX_ARG_MAX \-e1" 4
.IX Item "perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,_POSIX_ARG_MAX -e1"
Identifies _POSIX_ARG_MAX as a constant sub, optimized to an \s-1IV\s0.
Although \s-1POSIX\s0 isn't entirely consistent across platforms, this is
likely to be present in virtually all of them.
.IP "perl \-MPOSIX \-MO=Concise,a \-e 'print _POSIX_SAVED_IDS'" 4
.IX Item "perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e 'print _POSIX_SAVED_IDS'"
This renders a print statement, which includes a call to the function.
It's identical to rendering a file with a use call and that single
statement, except for the filename which appears in the nextstate ops.
.IP "perl \-MPOSIX \-MO=Concise,a \-e 'sub a{_POSIX_SAVED_IDS}'" 4
.IX Item "perl -MPOSIX -MO=Concise,a -e 'sub a{_POSIX_SAVED_IDS}'"
This is \fBvery\fR similar to previous, only the first two ops differ.  This
subroutine rendering is more representative, insofar as a single main
program will have many subs.
.ie n .IP "perl \-MB::Concise \-e 'B::Concise::compile(""\-exec"",""\-src"", \e%B::Concise::)\->()'" 4
.el .IP "perl \-MB::Concise \-e 'B::Concise::compile(``\-exec'',``\-src'', \e%B::Concise::)\->()'" 4
.IX Item "perl -MB::Concise -e 'B::Concise::compile(-exec,-src, %B::Concise::)->()'"
This renders all functions in the B::Concise package with the source
lines.  It eschews the O framework so that the stashref can be passed
directly to \fIB::Concise::compile()\fR.  See \-stash option for a more
convenient way to render a package.
.SH "Using B::Concise outside of the O framework"
.IX Header "Using B::Concise outside of the O framework"
The common (and original) usage of B::Concise was for command-line
renderings of simple code, as given in \s-1EXAMPLE\s0.  But you can also use
\&\fBB::Concise\fR from your code, and call \fIcompile()\fR directly, and
repeatedly.  By doing so, you can avoid the compile-time only
operation of O.pm, and even use the debugger to step through
\&\fIB::Concise::compile()\fR itself.
.PP
Once you're doing this, you may alter Concise output by adding new
rendering styles, and by optionally adding callback routines which
populate new variables, if such were referenced from those (just
added) styles.
.Sh "Example: Altering Concise Renderings"
.IX Subsection "Example: Altering Concise Renderings"
.Vb 9
\&    use B::Concise qw(set_style add_callback);
\&    add_style($yourStyleName => $defaultfmt, $gotofmt, $treefmt);
\&    add_callback
\&      ( sub {
\&            my ($h, $op, $format, $level, $stylename) = @_;
\&            $h\->{variable} = some_func($op);
\&        });
\&    $walker = B::Concise::compile(@options,@subnames,@subrefs);
\&    $walker\->();
.Ve
.Sh "\fIset_style()\fP"
.IX Subsection "set_style()"
\&\fBset_style\fR accepts 3 arguments, and updates the three format-specs
comprising a line-style (basic-exec, goto, tree).  It has one minor
drawback though; it doesn't register the style under a new name.  This
can become an issue if you render more than once and switch styles.
Thus you may prefer to use \fIadd_style()\fR and/or \fIset_style_standard()\fR
instead.
.Sh "set_style_standard($name)"
.IX Subsection "set_style_standard($name)"
This restores one of the standard line-styles: \f(CW\*(C`terse\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`concise\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`linenoise\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`debug\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`env\*(C'\fR, into effect.  It also accepts style
names previously defined with \fIadd_style()\fR.
.Sh "\fIadd_style()\fP"
.IX Subsection "add_style()"
This subroutine accepts a new style name and three style arguments as
above, and creates, registers, and selects the newly named style.  It is
an error to re-add a style; call \fIset_style_standard()\fR to switch between
several styles.
.Sh "\fIadd_callback()\fP"
.IX Subsection "add_callback()"
If your newly minted styles refer to any new #variables, you'll need
to define a callback subroutine that will populate (or modify) those
variables.  They are then available for use in the style you've
chosen.
.PP
The callbacks are called for each opcode visited by Concise, in the
same order as they are added.  Each subroutine is passed five
parameters.
.PP
.Vb 6
\&  1. A hashref, containing the variable names and values which are
\&     populated into the report\-line for the op
\&  2. the op, as a B<B::OP> object
\&  3. a reference to the format string
\&  4. the formatting (indent) level
\&  5. the selected stylename
.Ve
.PP
To define your own variables, simply add them to the hash, or change
existing values if you need to.  The level and format are passed in as
references to scalars, but it is unlikely that they will need to be
changed or even used.
.Sh "Running \fIB::Concise::compile()\fP"
.IX Subsection "Running B::Concise::compile()"
\&\fBcompile\fR accepts options as described above in \*(L"\s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R", and
arguments, which are either coderefs, or subroutine names.
.PP
It constructs and returns a \f(CW$treewalker\fR coderef, which when invoked,
traverses, or walks, and renders the optrees of the given arguments to
\&\s-1STDOUT\s0.  You can reuse this, and can change the rendering style used
each time; thereafter the coderef renders in the new style.
.PP
\&\fBwalk_output\fR lets you change the print destination from \s-1STDOUT\s0 to
another open filehandle, or into a string passed as a ref (unless
you've built perl with \-Uuseperlio).
.PP
.Vb 7
\&    my $walker = B::Concise::compile(\*(Aq\-terse\*(Aq,\*(AqaFuncName\*(Aq, \e&aSubRef);  # 1
\&    walk_output(\emy $buf);
\&    $walker\->();                        # 1 renders \-terse
\&    set_style_standard(\*(Aqconcise\*(Aq);      # 2
\&    $walker\->();                        # 2 renders \-concise
\&    $walker\->(@new);                    # 3 renders whatever
\&    print "3 different renderings: terse, concise, and @new: $buf\en";
.Ve
.PP
When \f(CW$walker\fR is called, it traverses the subroutines supplied when it
was created, and renders them using the current style.  You can change
the style afterwards in several different ways:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  1. call C<compile>, altering style or mode/order
\&  2. call C<set_style_standard>
\&  3. call $walker, passing @new options
.Ve
.PP
Passing new options to the \f(CW$walker\fR is the easiest way to change
amongst any pre-defined styles (the ones you add are automatically
recognized as options), and is the only way to alter rendering order
without calling compile again.  Note however that rendering state is
still shared amongst multiple \f(CW$walker\fR objects, so they must still be
used in a coordinated manner.
.Sh "\fIB::Concise::reset_sequence()\fP"
.IX Subsection "B::Concise::reset_sequence()"
This function (not exported) lets you reset the sequence numbers (note
that they're numbered arbitrarily, their goal being to be human
readable).  Its purpose is mostly to support testing, i.e. to compare
the concise output from two identical anonymous subroutines (but
different instances).  Without the reset, B::Concise, seeing that
they're separate optrees, generates different sequence numbers in
the output.
.Sh "Errors"
.IX Subsection "Errors"
Errors in rendering (non-existent function-name, non-existent coderef)
are written to the \s-1STDOUT\s0, or wherever you've set it via
\&\fIwalk_output()\fR.
.PP
Errors using the various *style* calls, and bad args to \fIwalk_output()\fR,
result in \fIdie()\fR.  Use an eval if you wish to catch these errors and
continue processing.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Stephen McCamant, <[e-mail]>.