extutils::makemaker::faq.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ 3"
.TH ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ 3 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ \- Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
FAQs, tricks and tips for \f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::MakeMaker\*(C'\fR.
.Sh "Module Installation"
.IX Subsection "Module Installation"
.IP "How do I install a module into my home directory?" 4
.IX Item "How do I install a module into my home directory?"
If you're not the Perl administrator you probably don't have
permission to install a module to its default location.  Then you
should install it for your own use into your home directory like so:
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&    # Non\-unix folks, replace ~ with /path/to/your/home/dir
\&    perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=~
.Ve
.Sp
This will put modules into \fI~/lib/perl5\fR, man pages into \fI~/man\fR and
programs into \fI~/bin\fR.
.Sp
To ensure your Perl programs can see these newly installed modules,
set your \f(CW\*(C`PERL5LIB\*(C'\fR environment variable to \fI~/lib/perl5\fR or tell
each of your programs to look in that directory with the following:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&    use lib "$ENV{HOME}/lib/perl5";
.Ve
.Sp
or if \f(CW$ENV\fR{\s-1HOME\s0} isn't set and you don't want to set it for some
reason, do it the long way.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&    use lib "/path/to/your/home/dir/lib/perl5";
.Ve
.IP "How do I get MakeMaker and Module::Build to install to the same place?" 4
.IX Item "How do I get MakeMaker and Module::Build to install to the same place?"
Module::Build, as of 0.28, supports two ways to install to the same
location as MakeMaker.
.Sp
1) Use \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 / \f(CW\*(C`\-\-install_base\*(C'\fR
.Sp
MakeMaker (as of 6.31) and Module::Build (as of 0.28) both can install
to the same locations using the \*(L"install_base\*(R" concept.  See
\&\*(L"\s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0\*(R" in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for details.  To get \s-1MM\s0 and \s-1MB\s0 to
install to the same location simply set \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 in \s-1MM\s0 and
\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-install_base\*(C'\fR in \s-1MB\s0 to the same location.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&    perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=/whatever
\&    perl Build.PL    \-\-install_base /whatever
.Ve
.Sp
2) Use \s-1PREFIX\s0 / \f(CW\*(C`\-\-prefix\*(C'\fR
.Sp
Module::Build 0.28 added support for \f(CW\*(C`\-\-prefix\*(C'\fR which works like
MakeMaker's \s-1PREFIX\s0.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&    perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/whatever
\&    perl Build.PL    \-\-prefix /whatever
.Ve
.IP "How do I keep from installing man pages?" 4
.IX Item "How do I keep from installing man pages?"
Recent versions of MakeMaker will only install man pages on Unix like
operating systems.
.Sp
For an individual module:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&        perl Makefile.PL INSTALLMAN1DIR=none INSTALLMAN3DIR=none
.Ve
.Sp
If you want to suppress man page installation for all modules you have
to reconfigure Perl and tell it 'none' when it asks where to install
man pages.
.IP "How do I use a module without installing it?" 4
.IX Item "How do I use a module without installing it?"
Two ways.  One is to build the module normally...
.Sp
.Vb 3
\&        perl Makefile.PL
\&        make
\&        make test
.Ve
.Sp
\&...and then set the \s-1PERL5LIB\s0 environment variable to point at the
blib/lib and blib/arch directories.
.Sp
The other is to install the module in a temporary location.
.Sp
.Vb 4
\&        perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=~/tmp
\&        make
\&        make test
\&        make install
.Ve
.Sp
And then set \s-1PERL5LIB\s0 to \fI~/tmp/lib/perl5\fR.  This works well when you
have multiple modules to work with.  It also ensures that the module
goes through its full installation process which may modify it.
.IP "\s-1PREFIX\s0 vs \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 from Module::Build::Cookbook" 4
.IX Item "PREFIX vs INSTALL_BASE from Module::Build::Cookbook"
The behavior of \s-1PREFIX\s0 is complicated and depends closely on how your
Perl is configured. The resulting installation locations will vary from
machine to machine and even different installations of Perl on the same machine.
Because of this, its difficult to document where prefix will place your modules.
.Sp
In contrast, \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 has predictable, easy to explain installation locations.
Now that Module::Build and MakeMaker both have \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 there is little reason
to use \s-1PREFIX\s0 other than to preserve your existing installation locations. If you
are starting a fresh Perl installation we encourage you to use \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0. If
you have an existing installation installed via \s-1PREFIX\s0, consider moving it to an
installation structure matching \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 and using that instead.
.Sh "Philosophy and History"
.IX Subsection "Philosophy and History"
.IP "Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?" 4
.IX Item "Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?"
Why did MakeMaker reinvent the build configuration wheel?  Why not
just use autoconf or automake or ppm or Ant or ...
.Sp
There are many reasons, but the major one is cross-platform
compatibility.
.Sp
Perl is one of the most ported pieces of software ever.  It works on
operating systems I've never even heard of (see perlport for details).
It needs a build tool that can work on all those platforms and with
any wacky C compilers and linkers they might have.
.Sp
No such build tool exists.  Even make itself has wildly different
dialects.  So we have to build our own.
.IP "What is Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?" 4
.IX Item "What is Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?"
Module::Build is a project by Ken Williams to supplant MakeMaker.
Its primary advantages are:
.RS 4
.IP "\(bu" 8