module::build.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Module::Build 3"
.TH Module::Build 3 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
Module::Build \- Build and install Perl modules
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
Standard process for building & installing modules:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  perl Build.PL
\&  ./Build
\&  ./Build test
\&  ./Build install
.Ve
.PP
Or, if you're on a platform (like \s-1DOS\s0 or Windows) that doesn't require
the \*(L"./\*(R" notation, you can do this:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  perl Build.PL
\&  Build
\&  Build test
\&  Build install
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR is a system for building, testing, and installing
Perl modules.  It is meant to be an alternative to
\&\f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::MakeMaker\*(C'\fR.  Developers may alter the behavior of the
module through subclassing in a much more straightforward way than
with \f(CW\*(C`MakeMaker\*(C'\fR.  It also does not require a \f(CW\*(C`make\*(C'\fR on your system
\&\- most of the \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR code is pure-perl and written in a very
cross-platform way.  In fact, you don't even need a shell, so even
platforms like MacOS (traditional) can use it fairly easily.  Its only
prerequisites are modules that are included with perl 5.6.0, and it
works fine on perl 5.005 if you can install a few additional modules.
.PP
See \*(L"\s-1MOTIVATIONS\s0\*(R" for more comparisons between \f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::MakeMaker\*(C'\fR
and \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR.
.PP
To install \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR, and any other module that uses
\&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR for its installation process, do the following:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  perl Build.PL       # \*(AqBuild.PL\*(Aq script creates the \*(AqBuild\*(Aq script
\&  ./Build             # Need ./ to ensure we\*(Aqre using this "Build" script
\&  ./Build test        # and not another one that happens to be in the PATH
\&  ./Build install
.Ve
.PP
This illustrates initial configuration and the running of three
\&'actions'.  In this case the actions run are 'build' (the default
action), 'test', and 'install'.  Other actions defined so far include:
.PP
.Vb 10
\&  build                          manifest    
\&  clean                          manpages    
\&  code                           pardist     
\&  config_data                    ppd         
\&  diff                           ppmdist     
\&  dist                           prereq_report
\&  distcheck                      pure_install
\&  distclean                      realclean   
\&  distdir                        retest      
\&  distmeta                       skipcheck   
\&  distsign                       test        
\&  disttest                       testall     
\&  docs                           testcover   
\&  fakeinstall                    testdb      
\&  help                           testpod     
\&  html                           testpodcoverage
\&  install                        versioninstall
.Ve
.PP
You can run the 'help' action for a complete list of actions.
.SH "GUIDE TO DOCUMENTATION"
.IX Header "GUIDE TO DOCUMENTATION"
The documentation for \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR is broken up into three sections:
.IP "General Usage (Module::Build)" 4
.IX Item "General Usage (Module::Build)"
This is the document you are currently reading. It describes basic
usage and background information.  Its main purpose is to assist the
user who wants to learn how to invoke and control \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR
scripts at the command line.
.IP "Authoring Reference (Module::Build::Authoring)" 4
.IX Item "Authoring Reference (Module::Build::Authoring)"
This document describes the structure and organization of
\&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR, and the relevant concepts needed by authors who are
writing \fIBuild.PL\fR scripts for a distribution or controlling
\&\f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR processes programmatically.
.IP "\s-1API\s0 Reference (Module::Build::API)" 4
.IX Item "API Reference (Module::Build::API)"
This is a reference to the \f(CW\*(C`Module::Build\*(C'\fR \s-1API\s0.
.IP "Cookbook (Module::Build::Cookbook)" 4
.IX Item "Cookbook (Module::Build::Cookbook)"
This document demonstrates how to accomplish many common tasks.  It
covers general command line usage and authoring of \fIBuild.PL\fR
scripts.  Includes working examples.
.SH "ACTIONS"
.IX Header "ACTIONS"
There are some general principles at work here.  First, each task when
building a module is called an \*(L"action\*(R".  These actions are listed
above; they correspond to the building, testing, installing,
packaging, etc., tasks.
.PP
Second, arguments are processed in a very systematic way.  Arguments
are always key=value pairs.  They may be specified at \f(CW\*(C`perl Build.PL\*(C'\fR
time (i.e. \f(CW\*(C`perl Build.PL destdir=/my/secret/place\*(C'\fR), in which case
their values last for the lifetime of the \f(CW\*(C`Build\*(C'\fR script.  They may
also be specified when executing a particular action (i.e.
\&\f(CW\*(C`Build test verbose=1\*(C'\fR), in which case their values last only for the
lifetime of that command.  Per-action command line parameters take
precedence over parameters specified at \f(CW\*(C`perl Build.PL\*(C'\fR time.
.PP
The build process also relies heavily on the \f(CW\*(C`Config.pm\*(C'\fR module.
If the user wishes to override any of the
values in \f(CW\*(C`Config.pm\*(C'\fR, she may specify them like so:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  perl Build.PL \-\-config cc=gcc \-\-config ld=gcc
.Ve
.PP
The following build actions are provided by default.
.IP "build" 4
.IX Item "build"
[version 0.01]
.Sp
If you run the \f(CW\*(C`Build\*(C'\fR script without any arguments, it runs the
\&\f(CW\*(C`build\*(C'\fR action, which in turn runs the \f(CW\*(C`code\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`docs\*(C'\fR actions.
.Sp
This is analogous to the MakeMaker 'make all' target.
.IP "clean" 4
.IX Item "clean"
[version 0.01]
.Sp
This action will clean up any files that the build process may have
created, including the \f(CW\*(C`blib/\*(C'\fR directory (but not including the
\&\f(CW\*(C`_build/\*(C'\fR directory and the \f(CW\*(C`Build\*(C'\fR script itself).
.IP "code" 4
.IX Item "code"
[version 0.20]
.Sp
This action builds your codebase.
.Sp
By default it just creates a \f(CW\*(C`blib/\*(C'\fR directory and copies any \f(CW\*(C`.pm\*(C'\fR
and \f(CW\*(C`.pod\*(C'\fR files from your \f(CW\*(C`lib/\*(C'\fR directory into the \f(CW\*(C`blib/\*(C'\fR
directory.  It also compiles any \f(CW\*(C`.xs\*(C'\fR files from \f(CW\*(C`lib/\*(C'\fR and places
them in \f(CW\*(C`blib/\*(C'\fR.  Of course, you need a working C compiler (probably
the same one that built perl itself) for the compilation to work
properly.
.Sp
The \f(CW\*(C`code\*(C'\fR action also runs any \f(CW\*(C`.PL\*(C'\fR files in your \fIlib/\fR
directory.  Typically these create other files, named the same but
without the \f(CW\*(C`.PL\*(C'\fR ending.  For example, a file \fIlib/Foo/Bar.pm.PL\fR
could create the file \fIlib/Foo/Bar.pm\fR.  The \f(CW\*(C`.PL\*(C'\fR files are
processed first, so any \f(CW\*(C`.pm\*(C'\fR files (or other kinds that we deal
with) will get copied correctly.
.IP "config_data" 4
.IX Item "config_data"
[version 0.26]
.Sp
\&...
.IP "diff" 4
.IX Item "diff"
[version 0.14]
.Sp
This action will compare the files about to be installed with their
installed counterparts.  For .pm and .pod files, a diff will be shown
(this currently requires a 'diff' program to be in your \s-1PATH\s0).  For
other files like compiled binary files, we simply report whether they
differ.
.Sp
A \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR parameter may be passed to the action, which will be passed
to the 'diff' program.  Consult your 'diff' documentation for the
parameters it will accept \- a good one is \f(CW\*(C`\-u\*(C'\fR:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  ./Build diff flags=\-u
.Ve
.IP "dist" 4
.IX Item "dist"
[version 0.02]
.Sp
This action is helpful for module authors who want to package up their
module for source distribution through a medium like \s-1CPAN\s0.  It will create a
tarball of the files listed in \fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR and compress the tarball using
\&\s-1GZIP\s0 compression.
.Sp
By default, this action will use the external \f(CW\*(C`tar\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`gzip\*(C'\fR
executables on Unix-like platforms, and the \f(CW\*(C`Archive::Tar\*(C'\fR module
elsewhere.  However, you can force it to use whatever executable you
want by supplying an explicit \f(CW\*(C`tar\*(C'\fR (and optional \f(CW\*(C`gzip\*(C'\fR) parameter:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  ./Build dist \-\-tar C:\epath\eto\etar.exe \-\-gzip C:\epath\eto\ezip.exe
.Ve
.IP "distcheck" 4
.IX Item "distcheck"
[version 0.05]
.Sp
Reports which files are in the build directory but not in the
\&\fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR file, and vice versa.  (See manifest for details.)
.IP "distclean" 4
.IX Item "distclean"
[version 0.05]
.Sp
Performs the 'realclean' action and then the 'distcheck' action.
.IP "distdir" 4
.IX Item "distdir"
[version 0.05]
.Sp