extutils::mm_any.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "ExtUtils::MM_Any 3"
.TH ExtUtils::MM_Any 3 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
ExtUtils::MM_Any \- Platform\-agnostic MM methods
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY!
\&
\&  package ExtUtils::MM_SomeOS;
\&
\&  # Temporarily, you have to subclass both.  Put MM_Any first.
\&  require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
\&  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
\&  @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::Unix);
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fB\s-1FOR\s0 \s-1INTERNAL\s0 \s-1USE\s0 \s-1ONLY\s0!\fR
.PP
ExtUtils::MM_Any is a superclass for the ExtUtils::MM_* set of
modules.  It contains methods which are either inherently
cross-platform or are written in a cross-platform manner.
.PP
Subclass off of ExtUtils::MM_Any \fIand\fR ExtUtils::MM_Unix.  This is a
temporary solution.
.PP
\&\fB\s-1THIS\s0 \s-1MAY\s0 \s-1BE\s0 \s-1TEMPORARY\s0!\fR
.SH "METHODS"
.IX Header "METHODS"
Any methods marked \fIAbstract\fR must be implemented by subclasses.
.Sh "Cross-platform helper methods"
.IX Subsection "Cross-platform helper methods"
These are methods which help writing cross-platform code.
.PP
\fIos_flavor  \fIAbstract\fI\fR
.IX Subsection "os_flavor  Abstract"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    my @os_flavor = $mm\->os_flavor;
.Ve
.PP
\&\f(CW@os_flavor\fR is the style of operating system this is, usually
corresponding to the MM_*.pm file we're using.
.PP
The first element of \f(CW@os_flavor\fR is the major family (ie. Unix,
Windows, \s-1VMS\s0, \s-1OS/2\s0, etc...) and the rest are sub families.
.PP
Some examples:
.PP
.Vb 6
\&    Cygwin98       (\*(AqUnix\*(Aq,  \*(AqCygwin\*(Aq, \*(AqCygwin9x\*(Aq)
\&    Windows NT     (\*(AqWin32\*(Aq, \*(AqWinNT\*(Aq)
\&    Win98          (\*(AqWin32\*(Aq, \*(AqWin9x\*(Aq)
\&    Linux          (\*(AqUnix\*(Aq,  \*(AqLinux\*(Aq)
\&    MacOS X        (\*(AqUnix\*(Aq,  \*(AqDarwin\*(Aq, \*(AqMacOS\*(Aq, \*(AqMacOS X\*(Aq)
\&    OS/2           (\*(AqOS/2\*(Aq)
.Ve
.PP
This is used to write code for styles of operating system.  
See \fIos_flavor_is()\fR for use.
.PP
\fIos_flavor_is\fR
.IX Subsection "os_flavor_is"
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    my $is_this_flavor = $mm\->os_flavor_is($this_flavor);
\&    my $is_this_flavor = $mm\->os_flavor_is(@one_of_these_flavors);
.Ve
.PP
Checks to see if the current operating system is one of the given flavors.
.PP
This is useful for code like:
.PP
.Vb 6
\&    if( $mm\->os_flavor_is(\*(AqUnix\*(Aq) ) {
\&        $out = \`foo 2>&1\`;
\&    }
\&    else {
\&        $out = \`foo\`;
\&    }
.Ve
.PP
\fIsplit_command\fR
.IX Subsection "split_command"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    my @cmds = $MM\->split_command($cmd, @args);
.Ve
.PP
Most \s-1OS\s0 have a maximum command length they can execute at once.  Large
modules can easily generate commands well past that limit.  Its
necessary to split long commands up into a series of shorter commands.
.PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`split_command\*(C'\fR will return a series of \f(CW@cmds\fR each processing part of
the args.  Collectively they will process all the arguments.  Each
individual line in \f(CW@cmds\fR will not be longer than the
\&\f(CW$self\fR\->max_exec_len being careful to take into account macro expansion.
.PP
\&\f(CW$cmd\fR should include any switches and repeated initial arguments.
.PP
If no \f(CW@args\fR are given, no \f(CW@cmds\fR will be returned.
.PP
Pairs of arguments will always be preserved in a single command, this
is a heuristic for things like pm_to_blib and pod2man which work on
pairs of arguments.  This makes things like this safe:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    $self\->split_command($cmd, %pod2man);
.Ve
.PP
\fIecho\fR
.IX Subsection "echo"
.PP
.Vb 3
\&    my @commands = $MM\->echo($text);
\&    my @commands = $MM\->echo($text, $file);
\&    my @commands = $MM\->echo($text, $file, $appending);
.Ve
.PP
Generates a set of \f(CW@commands\fR which print the \f(CW$text\fR to a \f(CW$file\fR.
.PP
If \f(CW$file\fR is not given, output goes to \s-1STDOUT\s0.
.PP
If \f(CW$appending\fR is true the \f(CW$file\fR will be appended to rather than
overwritten.
.PP
\fIwraplist\fR
.IX Subsection "wraplist"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  my $args = $mm\->wraplist(@list);
.Ve
.PP
Takes an array of items and turns them into a well-formatted list of
arguments.  In most cases this is simply something like:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&    FOO \e
\&    BAR \e
\&    BAZ
.Ve
.PP
\fImaketext_filter\fR
.IX Subsection "maketext_filter"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    my $filter_make_text = $mm\->maketext_filter($make_text);
.Ve
.PP
The text of the Makefile is run through this method before writing to
disk.  It allows systems a chance to make portability fixes to the
Makefile.
.PP
By default it does nothing.
.PP
This method is protected and not intended to be called outside of
MakeMaker.
.PP
\fIcd  \fIAbstract\fI\fR
.IX Subsection "cd  Abstract"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  my $subdir_cmd = $MM\->cd($subdir, @cmds);
.Ve
.PP
This will generate a make fragment which runs the \f(CW@cmds\fR in the given
\&\f(CW$dir\fR.  The rough equivalent to this, except cross platform.
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  cd $subdir && $cmd
.Ve
.PP
Currently \f(CW$dir\fR can only go down one level.  \*(L"foo\*(R" is fine.  \*(L"foo/bar\*(R" is
not.  \*(L"../foo\*(R" is right out.
.PP
The resulting \f(CW$subdir_cmd\fR has no leading tab nor trailing newline.  This
makes it easier to embed in a make string.  For example.
.PP
.Vb 6
\&      my $make = sprintf <<\*(AqCODE\*(Aq, $subdir_cmd;
\&  foo :
\&      $(ECHO) what
\&      %s
\&      $(ECHO) mouche
\&  CODE
.Ve
.PP
\fIoneliner  \fIAbstract\fI\fR
.IX Subsection "oneliner  Abstract"
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  my $oneliner = $MM\->oneliner($perl_code);
\&  my $oneliner = $MM\->oneliner($perl_code, \e@switches);
.Ve
.PP
This will generate a perl one-liner safe for the particular platform
you're on based on the given \f(CW$perl_code\fR and \f(CW@switches\fR (a \-e is
assumed) suitable for using in a make target.  It will use the proper
shell quoting and escapes.
.PP
$(\s-1PERLRUN\s0) will be used as perl.
.PP
Any newlines in \f(CW$perl_code\fR will be escaped.  Leading and trailing
newlines will be stripped.  Makes this idiom much easier:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&    my $code = $MM\->oneliner(<<\*(AqCODE\*(Aq, [...switches...]);
\&some code here
\&another line here
\&CODE
.Ve
.PP
Usage might be something like:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&    # an echo emulation
\&    $oneliner = $MM\->oneliner(\*(Aqprint "Foo\en"\*(Aq);
\&    $make = \*(Aq$oneliner > somefile\*(Aq;
.Ve
.PP
All dollar signs must be doubled in the \f(CW$perl_code\fR if you expect them
to be interpreted normally, otherwise it will be considered a make
macro.  Also remember to quote make macros else it might be used as a
bareword.  For example:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    # Assign the value of the $(VERSION_FROM) make macro to $vf.
\&    $oneliner = $MM\->oneliner(\*(Aq$$vf = "$(VERSION_FROM)"\*(Aq);
.Ve
.PP
Its currently very simple and may be expanded sometime in the figure
to include more flexible code and switches.
.PP
\fIquote_literal  \fIAbstract\fI\fR
.IX Subsection "quote_literal  Abstract"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    my $safe_text = $MM\->quote_literal($text);
.Ve
.PP
This will quote \f(CW$text\fR so it is interpreted literally in the shell.
.PP
For example, on Unix this would escape any single-quotes in \f(CW$text\fR and
put single-quotes around the whole thing.
.PP
\fIescape_newlines  \fIAbstract\fI\fR
.IX Subsection "escape_newlines  Abstract"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    my $escaped_text = $MM\->escape_newlines($text);
.Ve
.PP
Shell escapes newlines in \f(CW$text\fR.
.PP
\fImax_exec_len  \fIAbstract\fI\fR
.IX Subsection "max_exec_len  Abstract"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    my $max_exec_len = $MM\->max_exec_len;
.Ve
.PP
Calculates the maximum command size the \s-1OS\s0 can exec.  Effectively,
this is the max size of a shell command line.
.PP
\fImake\fR
.IX Subsection "make"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    my $make = $MM\->make;
.Ve
.PP
Returns the make variant we're generating the Makefile for.  This attempts
to do some normalization on the information from \f(CW%Config\fR or the user.
.Sh "Targets"
.IX Subsection "Targets"
These are methods which produce make targets.
.PP
\fIall_target\fR
.IX Subsection "all_target"
.PP
Generate the default target 'all'.
.PP
\fIblibdirs_target\fR
.IX Subsection "blibdirs_target"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    my $make_frag = $mm\->blibdirs_target;
.Ve
.PP
Creates the blibdirs target which creates all the directories we use
in blib/.
.PP
The blibdirs.ts target is deprecated.  Depend on blibdirs instead.
.PP
\fIclean (o)\fR
.IX Subsection "clean (o)"
.PP
Defines the clean target.
.PP
\fIclean_subdirs_target\fR
.IX Subsection "clean_subdirs_target"
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  my $make_frag = $MM\->clean_subdirs_target;
.Ve
.PP
Returns the clean_subdirs target.  This is used by the clean target to
call clean on any subdirectories which contain Makefiles.
.PP