http::response.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "HTTP::Response 3"
.TH HTTP::Response 3 "2005-12-06" "perl v5.10.0" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
HTTP::Response \- HTTP style response message
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
Response objects are returned by the \fIrequest()\fR method of the \f(CW\*(C`LWP::UserAgent\*(C'\fR:
.PP
.Vb 8
\&    # ...
\&    $response = $ua\->request($request)
\&    if ($response\->is_success) {
\&        print $response\->content;
\&    }
\&    else {
\&        print STDERR $response\->status_line, "\en";
\&    }
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Response\*(C'\fR class encapsulates \s-1HTTP\s0 style responses.  A
response consists of a response line, some headers, and a content
body. Note that the \s-1LWP\s0 library uses \s-1HTTP\s0 style responses even for
non-HTTP protocol schemes.  Instances of this class are usually
created and returned by the \fIrequest()\fR method of an \f(CW\*(C`LWP::UserAgent\*(C'\fR
object.
.PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Response\*(C'\fR is a subclass of \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Message\*(C'\fR and therefore
inherits its methods.  The following additional methods are available:
.ie n .IP "$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->new( \f(CW$code )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->new( \f(CW$code\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r = HTTP::Response->new( $code )"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->new( \f(CW$code\fR, \f(CW$msg )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->new( \f(CW$code\fR, \f(CW$msg\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r = HTTP::Response->new( $code, $msg )"
.ie n .IP "$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->new( \f(CW$code\fR, \f(CW$msg\fR, \f(CW$header )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->new( \f(CW$code\fR, \f(CW$msg\fR, \f(CW$header\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r = HTTP::Response->new( $code, $msg, $header )"
.ie n .IP "$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->new( \f(CW$code\fR, \f(CW$msg\fR, \f(CW$header\fR, \f(CW$content )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->new( \f(CW$code\fR, \f(CW$msg\fR, \f(CW$header\fR, \f(CW$content\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r = HTTP::Response->new( $code, $msg, $header, $content )"
.PD
Constructs a new \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Response\*(C'\fR object describing a response with
response code \f(CW$code\fR and optional message \f(CW$msg\fR.  The optional \f(CW$header\fR
argument should be a reference to an \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Headers\*(C'\fR object or a
plain array reference of key/value pairs.  The optional \f(CW$content\fR
argument should be a string of bytes.  The meaning these arguments are
described below.
.ie n .IP "$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->parse( \f(CW$str )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR = HTTP::Response\->parse( \f(CW$str\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r = HTTP::Response->parse( $str )"
This constructs a new response object by parsing the given string.
.ie n .IP "$r\->code" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->code" 4
.IX Item "$r->code"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "$r\fR\->code( \f(CW$code )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->code( \f(CW$code\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r->code( $code )"
.PD
This is used to get/set the code attribute.  The code is a 3 digit
number that encode the overall outcome of a \s-1HTTP\s0 response.  The
\&\f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Status\*(C'\fR module provide constants that provide mnemonic names
for the code attribute.
.ie n .IP "$r\->message" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->message" 4
.IX Item "$r->message"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "$r\fR\->message( \f(CW$message )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->message( \f(CW$message\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r->message( $message )"
.PD
This is used to get/set the message attribute.  The message is a short
human readable single line string that explains the response code.
.ie n .IP "$r\fR\->header( \f(CW$field )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->header( \f(CW$field\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r->header( $field )"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "$r\fR\->header( \f(CW$field\fR => \f(CW$value )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->header( \f(CW$field\fR => \f(CW$value\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r->header( $field => $value )"
.PD
This is used to get/set header values and it is inherited from
\&\f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Headers\*(C'\fR via \f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Message\*(C'\fR.  See HTTP::Headers for
details and other similar methods that can be used to access the
headers.
.ie n .IP "$r\->content" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->content" 4
.IX Item "$r->content"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "$r\fR\->content( \f(CW$content )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->content( \f(CW$content\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r->content( $content )"
.PD
This is used to get/set the raw content and it is inherited from the
\&\f(CW\*(C`HTTP::Message\*(C'\fR base class.  See HTTP::Message for details and
other methods that can be used to access the content.
.ie n .IP "$r\fR\->decoded_content( \f(CW%options )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->decoded_content( \f(CW%options\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r->decoded_content( %options )"
This will return the content after any \f(CW\*(C`Content\-Encoding\*(C'\fR and
charsets has been decoded.  See HTTP::Message for details.
.ie n .IP "$r\->request" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->request" 4
.IX Item "$r->request"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "$r\fR\->request( \f(CW$request )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->request( \f(CW$request\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r->request( $request )"
.PD
This is used to get/set the request attribute.  The request attribute
is a reference to the the request that caused this response.  It does
not have to be the same request passed to the \f(CW$ua\fR\->\fIrequest()\fR method,
because there might have been redirects and authorization retries in
between.
.ie n .IP "$r\->previous" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->previous" 4
.IX Item "$r->previous"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "$r\fR\->previous( \f(CW$response )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->previous( \f(CW$response\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r->previous( $response )"
.PD
This is used to get/set the previous attribute.  The previous
attribute is used to link together chains of responses.  You get
chains of responses if the first response is redirect or unauthorized.
The value is \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR if this is the first response in a chain.
.ie n .IP "$r\->status_line" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->status_line" 4
.IX Item "$r->status_line"
Returns the string \*(L"<code> <message>\*(R".  If the message attribute
is not set then the official name of <code> (see HTTP::Status)
is substituted.
.ie n .IP "$r\->base" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->base" 4
.IX Item "$r->base"
Returns the base \s-1URI\s0 for this response.  The return value will be a
reference to a \s-1URI\s0 object.
.Sp
The base \s-1URI\s0 is obtained from one the following sources (in priority
order):
.RS 4
.IP "1." 4
Embedded in the document content, for instance <\s-1BASE\s0 HREF=\*(L"...\*(R">
in \s-1HTML\s0 documents.
.IP "2." 4
A \*(L"Content-Base:\*(R" or a \*(L"Content-Location:\*(R" header in the response.
.Sp
For backwards compatibility with older \s-1HTTP\s0 implementations we will
also look for the \*(L"Base:\*(R" header.
.IP "3." 4
The \s-1URI\s0 used to request this response. This might not be the original
\&\s-1URI\s0 that was passed to \f(CW$ua\fR\->\fIrequest()\fR method, because we might have
received some redirect responses first.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
If neither of these sources provide an absolute \s-1URI\s0, undef is
returned.
.Sp
When the \s-1LWP\s0 protocol modules produce the HTTP::Response object, then
any base \s-1URI\s0 embedded in the document (step 1) will already have
initialized the \*(L"Content-Base:\*(R" header. This means that this method
only performs the last 2 steps (the content is not always available
either).
.RE
.ie n .IP "$r\->as_string" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->as_string" 4
.IX Item "$r->as_string"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "$r\fR\->as_string( \f(CW$eol )" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->as_string( \f(CW$eol\fR )" 4
.IX Item "$r->as_string( $eol )"
.PD
Returns a textual representation of the response.
.ie n .IP "$r\->is_info" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->is_info" 4
.IX Item "$r->is_info"
.PD 0
.ie n .IP "$r\->is_success" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->is_success" 4
.IX Item "$r->is_success"
.ie n .IP "$r\->is_redirect" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->is_redirect" 4
.IX Item "$r->is_redirect"
.ie n .IP "$r\->is_error" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->is_error" 4
.IX Item "$r->is_error"
.PD
These methods indicate if the response was informational, successful, a
redirection, or an error.  See HTTP::Status for the meaning of these.
.ie n .IP "$r\->error_as_HTML" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->error_as_HTML" 4
.IX Item "$r->error_as_HTML"
Returns a string containing a complete \s-1HTML\s0 document indicating what
error occurred.  This method should only be called when \f(CW$r\fR\->is_error
is \s-1TRUE\s0.
.ie n .IP "$r\->current_age" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->current_age" 4
.IX Item "$r->current_age"
Calculates the \*(L"current age\*(R" of the response as specified by \s-1RFC\s0 2616
section 13.2.3.  The age of a response is the time since it was sent
by the origin server.  The returned value is a number representing the
age in seconds.
.ie n .IP "$r\->freshness_lifetime" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->freshness_lifetime" 4
.IX Item "$r->freshness_lifetime"
Calculates the \*(L"freshness lifetime\*(R" of the response as specified by
\&\s-1RFC\s0 2616 section 13.2.4.  The \*(L"freshness lifetime\*(R" is the length of
time between the generation of a response and its expiration time.
The returned value is a number representing the freshness lifetime in
seconds.
.Sp
If the response does not contain an \*(L"Expires\*(R" or a \*(L"Cache-Control\*(R"
header, then this function will apply some simple heuristic based on
\&'Last\-Modified' to determine a suitable lifetime.
.ie n .IP "$r\->is_fresh" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->is_fresh" 4
.IX Item "$r->is_fresh"
Returns \s-1TRUE\s0 if the response is fresh, based on the values of
\&\fIfreshness_lifetime()\fR and \fIcurrent_age()\fR.  If the response is no longer
fresh, then it has to be refetched or revalidated by the origin
server.
.ie n .IP "$r\->fresh_until" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$r\fR\->fresh_until" 4
.IX Item "$r->fresh_until"
Returns the time when this entity is no longer fresh.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
HTTP::Headers, HTTP::Message, HTTP::Status, HTTP::Request
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 1995\-2004 Gisle Aas.
.PP
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.