extutils::makemaker.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "ExtUtils::MakeMaker 3"
.TH ExtUtils::MakeMaker 3 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
ExtUtils::MakeMaker \- Create a module Makefile
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
\&
\&  WriteMakefile( ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...] );
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
Andy Dougherty and the perl5\-porters.
.PP
It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
that can be individually overridden.  Each subroutine returns the text
it wishes to have written to the Makefile.
.PP
MakeMaker is object oriented. Each directory below the current
directory that contains a Makefile.PL is treated as a separate
object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
Makefiles with a single invocation of \fIWriteMakefile()\fR.
.Sh "How To Write A Makefile.PL"
.IX Subsection "How To Write A Makefile.PL"
See ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial.
.PP
The long answer is the rest of the manpage :\-)
.Sh "Default Makefile Behaviour"
.IX Subsection "Default Makefile Behaviour"
The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
\&  make
\&  make test        # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
\&  make install     # See below
.Ve
.PP
The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
form \f(CW\*(C`KEY=VALUE\*(C'\fR. E.g.
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=~
.Ve
.PP
Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
.PP
.Vb 5
\&  make config     # to check if the Makefile is up\-to\-date
\&  make clean      # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
\&  make realclean  # delete derived files (including ./blib)
\&  make ci         # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
\&  make dist       # see below the Distribution Support section
.Ve
.Sh "make test"
.IX Subsection "make test"
MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named \fItest.pl\fR in the
current directory and if it exists it execute the script with the
proper set of perl \f(CW\*(C`\-I\*(C'\fR options.
.PP
MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob(\*(L"t/*.t\*(R"). It will
execute all matching files in alphabetical order via the
Test::Harness module with the \f(CW\*(C`\-I\*(C'\fR switches set correctly.
.PP
If you'd like to see the raw output of your tests, set the
\&\f(CW\*(C`TEST_VERBOSE\*(C'\fR variable to true.
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  make test TEST_VERBOSE=1
.Ve
.Sh "make testdb"
.IX Subsection "make testdb"
A useful variation of the above is the target \f(CW\*(C`testdb\*(C'\fR. It runs the
test under the Perl debugger (see perldebug). If the file
\&\fItest.pl\fR exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.
.PP
If you want to debug some other testfile, set the \f(CW\*(C`TEST_FILE\*(C'\fR variable
thusly:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t
.Ve
.PP
By default the debugger is called using \f(CW\*(C`\-d\*(C'\fR option to perl. If you
want to specify some other option, set the \f(CW\*(C`TESTDB_SW\*(C'\fR variable:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  make testdb TESTDB_SW=\-Dx
.Ve
.Sh "make install"
.IX Subsection "make install"
make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
the macros \s-1INST_LIB\s0, \s-1INST_ARCHLIB\s0, \s-1INST_SCRIPT\s0, \s-1INST_MAN1DIR\s0 and
\&\s-1INST_MAN3DIR\s0.  All these default to something below ./blib if you are
\&\fInot\fR building below the perl source directory. If you \fIare\fR
building below the perl source, \s-1INST_LIB\s0 and \s-1INST_ARCHLIB\s0 default to
\&../../lib, and \s-1INST_SCRIPT\s0 is not defined.
.PP
The \fIinstall\fR target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
\&\s-1INSTALLDIRS\s0 according to the following table:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&                                 INSTALLDIRS set to
\&                           perl        site          vendor
\&
\&                 PERLPREFIX      SITEPREFIX          VENDORPREFIX
\&  INST_ARCHLIB   INSTALLARCHLIB  INSTALLSITEARCH     INSTALLVENDORARCH
\&  INST_LIB       INSTALLPRIVLIB  INSTALLSITELIB      INSTALLVENDORLIB
\&  INST_BIN       INSTALLBIN      INSTALLSITEBIN      INSTALLVENDORBIN
\&  INST_SCRIPT    INSTALLSCRIPT   INSTALLSITESCRIPT   INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
\&  INST_MAN1DIR   INSTALLMAN1DIR  INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR  INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
\&  INST_MAN3DIR   INSTALLMAN3DIR  INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR  INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
.Ve
.PP
The \s-1INSTALL\s0... macros in turn default to their \f(CW%Config\fR
($Config{installprivlib}, \f(CW$Config\fR{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.
.PP
You can check the values of these variables on your system with
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    perl \*(Aq\-V:install.*\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
searched by perl, run
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    perl \-le \*(Aqprint join $/, @INC\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
Sometimes older versions of the module you're installing live in other
directories in \f(CW@INC\fR.  Because Perl loads the first version of a module it 
finds, not the newest, you might accidentally get one of these older
versions even after installing a brand new version.  To delete \fIall other
versions of the module you're installing\fR (not simply older ones) set the
\&\f(CW\*(C`UNINST\*(C'\fR variable.
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    make install UNINST=1
.Ve
.Sh "\s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0"
.IX Subsection "INSTALL_BASE"
\&\s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 can be passed into Makefile.PL to change where your
module will be installed.  \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 is more like what everyone
else calls \*(L"prefix\*(R" than \s-1PREFIX\s0 is.
.PP
To have everything installed in your home directory, do the following.
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    # Unix users, INSTALL_BASE=~ works fine
\&    perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=/path/to/your/home/dir
.Ve
.PP
Like \s-1PREFIX\s0, it sets several INSTALL* attributes at once.  Unlike
\&\s-1PREFIX\s0 it is easy to predict where the module will end up.  The
installation pattern looks like this:
.PP
.Vb 6
\&    INSTALLARCHLIB     INSTALL_BASE/lib/perl5/$Config{archname}
\&    INSTALLPRIVLIB     INSTALL_BASE/lib/perl5
\&    INSTALLBIN         INSTALL_BASE/bin
\&    INSTALLSCRIPT      INSTALL_BASE/bin
\&    INSTALLMAN1DIR     INSTALL_BASE/man/man1
\&    INSTALLMAN3DIR     INSTALL_BASE/man/man3
.Ve
.PP
\&\s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 in MakeMaker and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-install_base\*(C'\fR in Module::Build (as
of 0.28) install to the same location.  If you want MakeMaker and
Module::Build to install to the same location simply set \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0
and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-install_base\*(C'\fR to the same location.
.PP
\&\s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 was added in 6.31.
.Sh "\s-1PREFIX\s0 and \s-1LIB\s0 attribute"
.IX Subsection "PREFIX and LIB attribute"
\&\s-1PREFIX\s0 and \s-1LIB\s0 can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
go.  Here's an example for installing into your home directory.
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    # Unix users, PREFIX=~ works fine
\&    perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/path/to/your/home/dir
.Ve
.PP
This will install all files in the module under your home directory,
with man pages and libraries going into an appropriate place (usually
~/man and ~/lib).  How the exact location is determined is complicated
and depends on how your Perl was configured.  \s-1INSTALL_BASE\s0 works more
like what other build systems call \*(L"prefix\*(R" than \s-1PREFIX\s0 and we
recommend you use that instead.
.PP
Another way to specify many \s-1INSTALL\s0 directories with a single
parameter is \s-1LIB\s0.
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib
.Ve
.PP
This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname.