math::bigrat.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Math::BigRat 3"
.TH Math::BigRat 3 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
Math::BigRat \- Arbitrary big rational numbers
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&        use Math::BigRat;
\&
\&        my $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq3/7\*(Aq); $x += \*(Aq5/9\*(Aq;
\&
\&        print $x\->bstr(),"\en";
\&        print $x ** 2,"\en";
\&
\&        my $y = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aqinf\*(Aq);
\&        print "$y ", ($y\->is_inf ? \*(Aqis\*(Aq : \*(Aqis not\*(Aq) , " infinity\en";
\&
\&        my $z = Math::BigRat\->new(144); $z\->bsqrt();
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
Math::BigRat complements Math::BigInt and Math::BigFloat by providing support
for arbitrary big rational numbers.
.Sh "\s-1MATH\s0 \s-1LIBRARY\s0"
.IX Subsection "MATH LIBRARY"
You can change the underlying module that does the low-level
math operations by using:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        use Math::BigRat try => \*(AqGMP\*(Aq;
.Ve
.PP
Note: This needs Math::BigInt::GMP installed.
.PP
The following would first try to find Math::BigInt::Foo, then
Math::BigInt::Bar, and when this also fails, revert to Math::BigInt::Calc:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        use Math::BigRat try => \*(AqFoo,Math::BigInt::Bar\*(Aq;
.Ve
.PP
If you want to get warned when the fallback occurs, replace \*(L"try\*(R" with
\&\*(L"lib\*(R":
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        use Math::BigRat lib => \*(AqFoo,Math::BigInt::Bar\*(Aq;
.Ve
.PP
If you want the code to die instead, replace \*(L"try\*(R" with
\&\*(L"only\*(R":
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        use Math::BigRat only => \*(AqFoo,Math::BigInt::Bar\*(Aq;
.Ve
.SH "METHODS"
.IX Header "METHODS"
Any methods not listed here are derived from Math::BigFloat (or
Math::BigInt), so make sure you check these two modules for further
information.
.Sh "\fInew()\fP"
.IX Subsection "new()"
.Vb 1
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq1/3\*(Aq);
.Ve
.PP
Create a new Math::BigRat object. Input can come in various forms:
.PP
.Vb 9
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(123);                            # scalars
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aqinf\*(Aq);                          # infinity
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq123.3\*(Aq);                        # float
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq1/3\*(Aq);                          # simple string
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq1 / 3\*(Aq);                        # spaced
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq1 / 0.1\*(Aq);                      # w/ floats
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(Math::BigInt\->new(3));           # BigInt
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(Math::BigFloat\->new(\*(Aq3.1\*(Aq));     # BigFloat
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(Math::BigInt::Lite\->new(\*(Aq2\*(Aq));   # BigLite
\&
\&        # You can also give D and N as different objects:
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(
\&                Math::BigInt\->new(\-123),
\&                Math::BigInt\->new(7),
\&                );                      # => \-123/7
.Ve
.Sh "\fInumerator()\fP"
.IX Subsection "numerator()"
.Vb 1
\&        $n = $x\->numerator();
.Ve
.PP
Returns a copy of the numerator (the part above the line) as signed BigInt.
.Sh "\fIdenominator()\fP"
.IX Subsection "denominator()"
.Vb 1
\&        $d = $x\->denominator();
.Ve
.PP
Returns a copy of the denominator (the part under the line) as positive BigInt.
.Sh "\fIparts()\fP"
.IX Subsection "parts()"
.Vb 1
\&        ($n,$d) = $x\->parts();
.Ve
.PP
Return a list consisting of (signed) numerator and (unsigned) denominator as
BigInts.
.Sh "\fInumify()\fP"
.IX Subsection "numify()"
.Vb 1
\&        my $y = $x\->numify();
.Ve
.PP
Returns the object as a scalar. This will lose some data if the object
cannot be represented by a normal Perl scalar (integer or float), so
use \fIas_int()\fR instead.
.PP
This routine is automatically used whenever a scalar is required:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&        my $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq3/1\*(Aq);
\&        @array = (1,2,3);
\&        $y = $array[$x];                # set $y to 3
.Ve
.Sh "\fIas_int()\fP/\fIas_number()\fP"
.IX Subsection "as_int()/as_number()"
.Vb 2
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq13/7\*(Aq);
\&        print $x\->as_int(),"\en";                # \*(Aq1\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
Returns a copy of the object as BigInt, truncated to an integer.
.PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`as_number()\*(C'\fR is an alias for \f(CW\*(C`as_int()\*(C'\fR.
.Sh "\fIas_hex()\fP"
.IX Subsection "as_hex()"
.Vb 2
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq13\*(Aq);
\&        print $x\->as_hex(),"\en";                # \*(Aq0xd\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
Returns the BigRat as hexadecimal string. Works only for integers.
.Sh "\fIas_bin()\fP"
.IX Subsection "as_bin()"
.Vb 2
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq13\*(Aq);
\&        print $x\->as_bin(),"\en";                # \*(Aq0x1101\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
Returns the BigRat as binary string. Works only for integers.
.Sh "\fIas_oct()\fP"
.IX Subsection "as_oct()"
.Vb 2
\&        $x = Math::BigRat\->new(\*(Aq13\*(Aq);
\&        print $x\->as_oct(),"\en";                # \*(Aq015\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
Returns the BigRat as octal string. Works only for integers.
.Sh "\fIfrom_hex()\fP/\fIfrom_bin()\fP/\fIfrom_oct()\fP"
.IX Subsection "from_hex()/from_bin()/from_oct()"
.Vb 3