perlfaq3.1

视频监控网络部分的协议ddns,的模块的实现代码,请大家大胆指正.

\&\f(CW\*(C`ptkdb\*(C'\fR. It's on \s-1CPAN\s0 and available for free.
.PP
If you need something much more sophisticated and controllable, Leon
Brocard's Devel::ebug (which you can call with the \-D switch as \-Debug)
gives you the programmatic hooks into everything you need to write your
own (without too much pain and suffering).
.PP
You can also use a commercial debugger such as Affrus (Mac \s-1OS\s0 X), Komodo
from Activestate (Windows and Mac \s-1OS\s0 X), or \s-1EPIC\s0 (most platforms).
.Sh "How do I profile my Perl programs?"
.IX Subsection "How do I profile my Perl programs?"
You should get the Devel::DProf module from the standard distribution
(or separately on \s-1CPAN\s0) and also use Benchmark.pm from the standard
distribution.  The Benchmark module lets you time specific portions of
your code, while Devel::DProf gives detailed breakdowns of where your
code spends its time.
.PP
Here's a sample use of Benchmark:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  use Benchmark;
\&
\&  @junk = \`cat /etc/motd\`;
\&  $count = 10_000;
\&
\&  timethese($count, {
\&            \*(Aqmap\*(Aq => sub { my @a = @junk;
\&                           map { s/a/b/ } @a;
\&                           return @a },
\&            \*(Aqfor\*(Aq => sub { my @a = @junk;
\&                           for (@a) { s/a/b/ };
\&                           return @a },
\&           });
.Ve
.PP
This is what it prints (on one machine\*(--your results will be dependent
on your hardware, operating system, and the load on your machine):
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  Benchmark: timing 10000 iterations of for, map...
\&         for:  4 secs ( 3.97 usr  0.01 sys =  3.98 cpu)
\&         map:  6 secs ( 4.97 usr  0.00 sys =  4.97 cpu)
.Ve
.PP
Be aware that a good benchmark is very hard to write.  It only tests the
data you give it and proves little about the differing complexities
of contrasting algorithms.
.Sh "How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?"
.IX Subsection "How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?"
The B::Xref module can be used to generate cross-reference reports
for Perl programs.
.PP
.Vb 1
\&    perl \-MO=Xref[,OPTIONS] scriptname.plx
.Ve
.Sh "Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?"
.IX Subsection "Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?"
Perltidy is a Perl script which indents and reformats Perl scripts
to make them easier to read by trying to follow the rules of the
perlstyle. If you write Perl scripts, or spend much time reading
them, you will probably find it useful.  It is available at
http://perltidy.sourceforge.net
.PP
Of course, if you simply follow the guidelines in perlstyle,
you shouldn't need to reformat.  The habit of formatting your code
as you write it will help prevent bugs.  Your editor can and should
help you with this.  The perl-mode or newer cperl-mode for emacs
can provide remarkable amounts of help with most (but not all)
code, and even less programmable editors can provide significant
assistance.  Tom Christiansen and many other \s-1VI\s0 users  swear by
the following settings in vi and its clones:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    set ai sw=4
\&    map! ^O {^M}^[O^T
.Ve
.PP
Put that in your \fI.exrc\fR file (replacing the caret characters
with control characters) and away you go.  In insert mode, ^T is
for indenting, ^D is for undenting, and ^O is for blockdenting\*(--as
it were.  A more complete example, with comments, can be found at
http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/TOMC/scripts/toms.exrc.gz
.PP
The a2ps http://www\-inf.enst.fr/%7Edemaille/a2ps/black+white.ps.gz does
lots of things related to generating nicely printed output of
documents.
.Sh "Is there a ctags for Perl?"
.IX Subsection "Is there a ctags for Perl?"
(contributed by brian d foy)
.PP
Ctags uses an index to quickly find things in source code, and many
popular editors support ctags for several different languages,
including Perl.
.PP
Exuberent ctags supports Perl: http://ctags.sourceforge.net/
.PP
You might also try pltags: http://www.mscha.com/pltags.zip
.Sh "Is there an \s-1IDE\s0 or Windows Perl Editor?"
.IX Subsection "Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?"
Perl programs are just plain text, so any editor will do.
.PP
If you're on Unix, you already have an IDE\*(--Unix itself.  The \s-1UNIX\s0
philosophy is the philosophy of several small tools that each do one
thing and do it well.  It's like a carpenter's toolbox.
.PP
If you want an \s-1IDE\s0, check the following (in alphabetical order, not
order of preference):
.IP "Eclipse" 4
.IX Item "Eclipse"
http://e\-p\-i\-c.sf.net/
.Sp
The Eclipse Perl Integration Project integrates Perl
editing/debugging with Eclipse.
.IP "Enginsite" 4
.IX Item "Enginsite"
http://www.enginsite.com/
.Sp
Perl Editor by EngInSite is a complete integrated development
environment (\s-1IDE\s0) for creating, testing, and  debugging  Perl scripts;
the tool runs on Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP or later.
.IP "Komodo" 4
.IX Item "Komodo"
http://www.ActiveState.com/Products/Komodo/
.Sp
ActiveState's cross-platform (as of October 2004, that's Windows, Linux,
and Solaris), multi-language \s-1IDE\s0 has Perl support, including a regular expression
debugger and remote debugging.
.IP "Open Perl \s-1IDE\s0" 4
.IX Item "Open Perl IDE"
http://open\-perl\-ide.sourceforge.net/
.Sp
Open Perl \s-1IDE\s0 is an integrated development environment for writing
and debugging Perl scripts with ActiveState's ActivePerl distribution
under Windows 95/98/NT/2000.
.IP "OptiPerl" 4
.IX Item "OptiPerl"
http://www.optiperl.com/
.Sp
OptiPerl is a Windows \s-1IDE\s0 with simulated \s-1CGI\s0 environment, including
debugger and syntax highlighting editor.
.IP "PerlBuilder" 4
.IX Item "PerlBuilder"
http://www.solutionsoft.com/perl.htm
.Sp
PerlBuidler is an integrated development environment for Windows that
supports Perl development.
.IP "visiPerl+" 4
.IX Item "visiPerl+"
http://helpconsulting.net/visiperl/
.Sp
From Help Consulting, for Windows.
.IP "Visual Perl" 4
.IX Item "Visual Perl"
http://www.activestate.com/Products/Visual_Perl/
.Sp
Visual Perl is a Visual Studio.NET plug-in from ActiveState.
.IP "Zeus" 4
.IX Item "Zeus"
http://www.zeusedit.com/lookmain.html
.Sp
Zeus for Window is another Win32 multi-language editor/IDE
that comes with support for Perl:
.PP
For editors: if you're on Unix you probably have vi or a vi clone
already, and possibly an emacs too, so you may not need to download
anything. In any emacs the cperl-mode (M\-x cperl-mode) gives you
perhaps the best available Perl editing mode in any editor.
.PP
If you are using Windows, you can use any editor that lets you work
with plain text, such as NotePad or WordPad.  Word processors, such as
Microsoft Word or WordPerfect, typically do not work since they insert
all sorts of behind-the-scenes information, although some allow you to
save files as \*(L"Text Only\*(R". You can also download text editors designed
specifically for programming, such as Textpad (
http://www.textpad.com/ ) and UltraEdit ( http://www.ultraedit.com/ ),
among others.
.PP
If you are using MacOS, the same concerns apply.  MacPerl (for Classic
environments) comes with a simple editor. Popular external editors are
BBEdit ( http://www.bbedit.com/ ) or Alpha (
http://www.his.com/~jguyer/Alpha/Alpha8.html ). MacOS X users can use
Unix editors as well.
.IP "\s-1GNU\s0 Emacs" 4
.IX Item "GNU Emacs"
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html
.IP "MicroEMACS" 4
.IX Item "MicroEMACS"
http://www.microemacs.de/
.IP "XEmacs" 4
.IX Item "XEmacs"
http://www.xemacs.org/Download/index.html
.IP "Jed" 4
.IX Item "Jed"
http://space.mit.edu/~davis/jed/
.PP
or a vi clone such as
.IP "Elvis" 4
.IX Item "Elvis"
ftp://ftp.cs.pdx.edu/pub/elvis/ http://www.fh\-wedel.de/elvis/
.IP "Vile" 4
.IX Item "Vile"
http://dickey.his.com/vile/vile.html
.IP "Vim" 4
.IX Item "Vim"
http://www.vim.org/
.PP
For vi lovers in general, Windows or elsewhere:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        http://www.thomer.com/thomer/vi/vi.html
.Ve
.PP
nvi ( http://www.bostic.com/vi/ , available from \s-1CPAN\s0 in src/misc/) is
yet another vi clone, unfortunately not available for Windows, but in
\&\s-1UNIX\s0 platforms you might be interested in trying it out, firstly because
strictly speaking it is not a vi clone, it is the real vi, or the new
incarnation of it, and secondly because you can embed Perl inside it
to use Perl as the scripting language.  nvi is not alone in this,
though: at least also vim and vile offer an embedded Perl.
.PP
The following are Win32 multilanguage editor/IDESs that support Perl:
.IP "Codewright" 4
.IX Item "Codewright"
http://www.borland.com/codewright/
.IP "MultiEdit" 4
.IX Item "MultiEdit"
http://www.MultiEdit.com/
.IP "SlickEdit" 4
.IX Item "SlickEdit"
http://www.slickedit.com/
.PP
There is also a toyedit Text widget based editor written in Perl
that is distributed with the Tk module on \s-1CPAN\s0.  The ptkdb
( http://ptkdb.sourceforge.net/ ) is a Perl/tk based debugger that
acts as a development environment of sorts.  Perl Composer
( http://perlcomposer.sourceforge.net/ ) is an \s-1IDE\s0 for Perl/Tk
\&\s-1GUI\s0 creation.
.PP
In addition to an editor/IDE you might be interested in a more
powerful shell environment for Win32.  Your options include
.IP "Bash" 4
.IX Item "Bash"
from the Cygwin package ( http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/ )
.IP "Ksh" 4
.IX Item "Ksh"
from the \s-1MKS\s0 Toolkit ( http://www.mks.com/ ), or the Bourne shell of
the U/WIN environment ( http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/uwin/ )
.IP "Tcsh" 4
.IX Item "Tcsh"
ftp://ftp.astron.com/pub/tcsh/ , see also
http://www.primate.wisc.edu/software/csh\-tcsh\-book/
.IP "Zsh" 4
.IX Item "Zsh"
http://www.zsh.org/
.PP
\&\s-1MKS\s0 and U/WIN are commercial (U/WIN is free for educational and
research purposes), Cygwin is covered by the \s-1GNU\s0 Public License (but
that shouldn't matter for Perl use).  The Cygwin, \s-1MKS\s0, and U/WIN all
contain (in addition to the shells) a comprehensive set of standard
\&\s-1UNIX\s0 toolkit utilities.
.PP
If you're transferring text files between Unix and Windows using \s-1FTP\s0
be sure to transfer them in \s-1ASCII\s0 mode so the ends of lines are
appropriately converted.
.PP
On Mac \s-1OS\s0 the MacPerl Application comes with a simple 32k text editor
that behaves like a rudimentary \s-1IDE\s0.  In contrast to the MacPerl Application
the \s-1MPW\s0 Perl tool can make use of the \s-1MPW\s0 Shell itself as an editor (with
no 32k limit).
.IP "Affrus" 4
.IX Item "Affrus"
is a full Perl development environment with full debugger support
( http://www.latenightsw.com ).
.IP "Alpha" 4
.IX Item "Alpha"
is an editor, written and extensible in Tcl, that nonetheless has
built in support for several popular markup and programming languages
including Perl and \s-1HTML\s0 ( http://www.his.com/~jguyer/Alpha/Alpha8.html ).
.IP "BBEdit and BBEdit Lite" 4
.IX Item "BBEdit and BBEdit Lite"
are text editors for Mac \s-1OS\s0 that have a Perl sensitivity mode
( http://web.barebones.com/ ).
.PP
Pepper and Pe are programming language sensitive text editors for Mac
\&\s-1OS\s0 X and BeOS respectively ( http://www.hekkelman.com/ ).
.Sh "Where can I get Perl macros for vi?"
.IX Subsection "Where can I get Perl macros for vi?"
For a complete version of Tom Christiansen's vi configuration file,
see http://www.cpan.org/authors/Tom_Christiansen/scripts/toms.exrc.gz ,
the standard benchmark file for vi emulators.  The file runs best with nvi,