perl593delta.1

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "PERL593DELTA 1"
.TH PERL593DELTA 1 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
perl593delta \- what is new for perl v5.9.3
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This document describes differences between the 5.9.2 and the 5.9.3
development releases. See perl590delta, perl591delta and
perl592delta for the differences between 5.8.0 and 5.9.2.
.SH "Incompatible Changes"
.IX Header "Incompatible Changes"
.ie n .Sh "Parsing of ""\-f _"""
.el .Sh "Parsing of \f(CW\-f _\fP"
.IX Subsection "Parsing of -f _"
The identifier \f(CW\*(C`_\*(C'\fR is now forced to be a bareword after a filetest
operator. This solves a number of misparsing issues when a global \f(CW\*(C`_\*(C'\fR
subroutine is defined.
.ie n .Sh """mkdir()"""
.el .Sh "\f(CWmkdir()\fP"
.IX Subsection "mkdir()"
\&\f(CW\*(C`mkdir()\*(C'\fR without arguments now defaults to \f(CW$_\fR.
.Sh "Magic goto and eval"
.IX Subsection "Magic goto and eval"
The construct \f(CW\*(C`eval { goto &foo }\*(C'\fR is now disallowed. (Note that the
similar construct, but with \f(CW\*(C`eval("")\*(C'\fR instead, was already forbidden.)
.ie n .Sh "$# has been removed"
.el .Sh "\f(CW$#\fP has been removed"
.IX Subsection "$# has been removed"
The deprecated \f(CW$#\fR variable (output format for numbers) has been
removed. A new warning, \f(CW\*(C`$# is no longer supported\*(C'\fR, has been added.
.ie n .Sh """:unique"""
.el .Sh "\f(CW:unique\fP"
.IX Subsection ":unique"
The \f(CW\*(C`:unique\*(C'\fR attribute has been made a no-op, since its current
implementation was fundamentally flawed and not threadsafe.
.ie n .Sh "Scoping of the ""sort"" pragma"
.el .Sh "Scoping of the \f(CWsort\fP pragma"
.IX Subsection "Scoping of the sort pragma"
The \f(CW\*(C`sort\*(C'\fR pragma is now lexically scoped. Its effect used to be global.
.SH "Core Enhancements"
.IX Header "Core Enhancements"
.ie n .Sh "The ""feature"" pragma"
.el .Sh "The \f(CWfeature\fP pragma"
.IX Subsection "The feature pragma"
The \f(CW\*(C`feature\*(C'\fR pragma is used to enable new syntax that would break Perl's
backwards-compatibility with older releases of the language. It's a lexical
pragma, like \f(CW\*(C`strict\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`warnings\*(C'\fR.
.PP
Currently the following new features are available: \f(CW\*(C`switch\*(C'\fR (adds a
switch statement), \f(CW\*(C`~~\*(C'\fR (adds a Perl 6\-like smart match operator), \f(CW\*(C`say\*(C'\fR
(adds a \f(CW\*(C`say\*(C'\fR built-in function), and \f(CW\*(C`err\*(C'\fR (adds an \f(CW\*(C`err\*(C'\fR keyword).
Those features are described below.
.PP
Note that \f(CW\*(C`err\*(C'\fR low-precedence defined-or operator used to be enabled by
default (although as a weak keyword, meaning that any function would
override it). It's now only recognized when explicitly turned on (and is
then a regular keyword).
.PP
Those features, and the \f(CW\*(C`feature\*(C'\fR pragma itself, have been contributed by
Robin Houston.
.Sh "Switch and Smart Match operator"
.IX Subsection "Switch and Smart Match operator"
Perl 5 now has a switch statement. It's available when \f(CW\*(C`use feature
\&\*(Aqswitch\*(Aq\*(C'\fR is in effect. This feature introduces three new keywords,
\&\f(CW\*(C`given\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`when\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`default\*(C'\fR:
.PP
.Vb 6
\&    given ($foo) {
\&        when (/^abc/) { $abc = 1; }
\&        when (/^def/) { $def = 1; }
\&        when (/^xyz/) { $xyz = 1; }
\&        default { $nothing = 1; }
\&    }
.Ve
.PP
A more complete description of how Perl matches the switch variable
against the \f(CW\*(C`when\*(C'\fR conditions is given in \*(L"Switch statements\*(R" in perlsyn.
.PP
This kind of match is called \fIsmart match\fR, and it's also possible to use
it outside of switch statements, via the new \f(CW\*(C`~~\*(C'\fR operator (enabled via
the \f(CW\*(C`use feature \*(Aq~~\*(Aq\*(C'\fR directive). See \*(L"Smart matching in
detail\*(R" in perlsyn.
.ie n .Sh """say()"""
.el .Sh "\f(CWsay()\fP"
.IX Subsection "say()"
\&\fIsay()\fR is a new built-in, only available when \f(CW\*(C`use feature \*(Aqsay\*(Aq\*(C'\fR is in
effect, that is similar to \fIprint()\fR, but that implicitly appends a newline
to the printed string. See \*(L"say\*(R" in perlfunc.
.ie n .Sh """CLONE_SKIP()"""
.el .Sh "\f(CWCLONE_SKIP()\fP"
.IX Subsection "CLONE_SKIP()"
Perl has now support for the \f(CW\*(C`CLONE_SKIP\*(C'\fR special subroutine. Like
\&\f(CW\*(C`CLONE\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`CLONE_SKIP\*(C'\fR is called once per package; however, it is called
just before cloning starts, and in the context of the parent thread. If it
returns a true value, then no objects of that class will be cloned. See
perlmod for details. (Contributed by Dave Mitchell.)
.ie n .Sh """${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}"""
.el .Sh "\f(CW${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}\fP"
.IX Subsection "${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}"
A new internal variable, \f(CW\*(C`${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}\*(C'\fR, gives the native
status returned by the last pipe close, backtick command, successful call
to \fIwait()\fR or \fIwaitpid()\fR, or from the \fIsystem()\fR operator. See perlrun for
details. (Contributed by Gisle Aas.)
.Sh "Assertions"
.IX Subsection "Assertions"
The support for assertions, introduced in perl 5.9.0, has been improved.
The syntax for the \f(CW\*(C`\-A\*(C'\fR command-line switch has changed; it now accepts
an optional module name, defaulting to \f(CW\*(C`assertions::activate\*(C'\fR. See
assertions and perlrun. (Contributed by Salvador Fandin\*~o Garci\*'a.)
.Sh "Unicode Character Database 4.1.0"
.IX Subsection "Unicode Character Database 4.1.0"
The copy of the Unicode Character Database included in Perl 5.9 has
been updated to 4.1.0.
.ie n .Sh """no VERSION"""
.el .Sh "\f(CWno VERSION\fP"
.IX Subsection "no VERSION"
You can now use \f(CW\*(C`no\*(C'\fR followed by a version number to specify that you
want to use a version of perl older than the specified one.
.Sh "Recursive sort subs"
.IX Subsection "Recursive sort subs"
You can now use recursive subroutines with \fIsort()\fR, thanks to Robin Houston.
.Sh "Effect of pragmas in eval"
.IX Subsection "Effect of pragmas in eval"
The compile-time value of the \f(CW\*(C`%^H\*(C'\fR hint variable can now propagate into
eval("")uated code. This makes it more useful to implement lexical
pragmas.
.PP
As a side-effect of this, the overloaded-ness of constants now propagates
into eval("").
.Sh "New \fB\-E\fP command-line switch"
.IX Subsection "New -E command-line switch"
\&\fB\-E\fR is equivalent to \fB\-e\fR, but it implicitly enables all
optional features (like \f(CW\*(C`use feature ":5.10"\*(C'\fR).
.ie n .Sh """chdir""\fP, \f(CW""chmod""\fP and \f(CW""chown"" on filehandles"
.el .Sh "\f(CWchdir\fP, \f(CWchmod\fP and \f(CWchown\fP on filehandles"
.IX Subsection "chdir, chmod and chown on filehandles"
\&\f(CW\*(C`chdir\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`chmod\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`chown\*(C'\fR can now work on filehandles as well as
filenames, if the system supports respectively \f(CW\*(C`fchdir\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fchmod\*(C'\fR and
\&\f(CW\*(C`fchown\*(C'\fR, thanks to a patch provided by Gisle Aas.
.Sh "\s-1OS\s0 groups"
.IX Subsection "OS groups"
\&\f(CW$(\fR and \f(CW$)\fR now return groups in the order where the \s-1OS\s0 returns them,
thanks to Gisle Aas. This wasn't previously the case.
.SH "Modules and Pragmata"
.IX Header "Modules and Pragmata"
.Sh "New Core Modules"
.IX Subsection "New Core Modules"
.IP "\(bu" 4
A new pragma, \f(CW\*(C`feature\*(C'\fR, has been added; see above in \*(L"Core
Enhancements\*(R".
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`assertions::compat\*(C'\fR, also available on \s-1CPAN\s0, allows the use of assertions on
perl versions prior to 5.9.0 (that is the first one to natively support
them).
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`Math::BigInt::FastCalc\*(C'\fR is an XS-enabled, and thus faster, version of
\&\f(CW\*(C`Math::BigInt::Calc\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`Compress::Zlib\*(C'\fR is an interface to the zlib compression library. It
comes with a bundled version of zlib, so having a working zlib is not a
prerequisite to install it. It's used by \f(CW\*(C`Archive::Tar\*(C'\fR (see below).
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`IO::Zlib\*(C'\fR is an \f(CW\*(C`IO::\*(C'\fR\-style interface to \f(CW\*(C`Compress::Zlib\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`Archive::Tar\*(C'\fR is a module to manipulate \f(CW\*(C`tar\*(C'\fR archives.
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`Digest::SHA\*(C'\fR is a module used to calculate many types of \s-1SHA\s0 digests,
has been included for \s-1SHA\s0 support in the \s-1CPAN\s0 module.
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::CBuilder\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::ParseXS\*(C'\fR have been added.
.SH "Utility Changes"
.IX Header "Utility Changes"