curl.1

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separate file.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
.IP "--key-type <type>"
(SSL) Private key file type. Specify which type your \fI--key\fP provided
private key is. DER, PEM and ENG are supported. If not specified, PEM is
assumed.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
.IP "--krb <level>"
(FTP) Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be entered and
should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential' or 'private'. Should you use
a level that is not one of these, 'private' will instead be used.

This option requires that the library was built with kerberos4 or GSSAPI
(GSS-Negotiate) support. This is not very common. Use \fI-V/--version\fP to
see if your curl supports it.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
.IP "-K/--config <config file>"
Specify which config file to read curl arguments from. The config file is a
text file in which command line arguments can be written which then will be
used as if they were written on the actual command line. Options and their
parameters must be specified on the same config file line. If the parameter is
to contain white spaces, the parameter must be enclosed within quotes.  If the
first column of a config line is a '#' character, the rest of the line will be
treated as a comment. Only write one option per physical line in the config
file.

Specify the filename to -K/--config as '-' to make curl read the file from
stdin.

Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you need to specify
it using the \fI--url\fP option, and not by simply writing the URL on its own
line. So, it could look similar to this:

url = "http://curl.haxx.se/docs/"

Long option names can optionally be given in the config file without the
initial double dashes.

When curl is invoked, it always (unless \fI-q\fP is used) checks for a default
config file and uses it if found. The default config file is checked for in
the following places in this order:

1) curl tries to find the "home dir": It first checks for the CURL_HOME and
then the HOME environment variables. Failing that, it uses getpwuid() on
unix-like systems (which returns the home dir given the current user in your
system). On Windows, it then checks for the APPDATA variable, or as a last
resort the '%USERPROFILE%\Application Data'.

2) On windows, if there is no _curlrc file in the home dir, it checks for one
in the same dir the executable curl is placed. On unix-like systems, it will
simply try to load .curlrc from the determined home dir.

.nf
# --- Example file ---
# this is a comment
url = "curl.haxx.se"
output = "curlhere.html"
user-agent = "superagent/1.0"

# and fetch another URL too
url = "curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html"
-O
referer = "http://nowhereatall.com/"
# --- End of example file ---
.fi

This option can be used multiple times to load multiple config files.
.IP "--libcurl <file>"
Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you will get a
libcurl-using source code written to the file that does the equivalent
operation of what your command line operation does!

NOTE: this does not properly support -F and the sending of multipart
formposts, so in those cases the output program will be missing necessary
calls to \fIcurl_formadd(3)\fP, and possibly more.

If this option is used several times, the last given file name will be used.
.IP "--limit-rate <speed>"
Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use. This feature is useful
if you have a limited pipe and you'd like your transfer not use your entire
bandwidth.

The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is appended.
Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the number as kilobytes, 'm' or M' makes it
megabytes while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.

The given rate is the average speed, counted during the entire transfer. It
means that curl might use higher transfer speeds in short bursts, but over
time it uses no more than the given rate.

If you are also using the \fI-Y/--speed-limit\fP option, that option will take
precedence and might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help keeping the
speed-limit logic working.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
.IP "-l/--list-only"
(FTP)
When listing an FTP directory, this switch forces a name-only view.
Especially useful if you want to machine-parse the contents of an FTP
directory since the normal directory view doesn't use a standard look
or format.

This option causes an FTP NLST command to be sent.  Some FTP servers
list only files in their response to NLST; they do not include
subdirectories and symbolic links.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable list only.
.IP "--local-port <num>[-num]"
Set a preferred number or range of local port numbers to use for the
connection(s).  Note that port numbers by nature is a scarce resource that
will be busy at times so setting this range to something too narrow might
cause unnecessary connection setup failures. (Added in 7.15.2)
.IP "-L/--location"
(HTTP/HTTPS) If the server reports that the requested page has moved to a
different location (indicated with a Location: header and a 3XX response code)
this option will make curl redo the request on the new place. If used together
with \fI-i/--include\fP or \fI-I/--head\fP, headers from all requested pages
will be shown. When authentication is used, curl only sends its credentials to
the initial host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it won't be
able to intercept the user+password. See also \fI--location-trusted\fP on how
to change this. You can limit the amount of redirects to follow by using the
\fI--max-redirs\fP option.

When curl follows a redirect and the request is not a plain GET (for example
POST or PUT), it will do the following request with a GET if the HTTP response
was 301, 302, or 303. If the response code was any other 3xx code, curl will
re-send the following request using the same unmodified method.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable location following.
.IP "--location-trusted"
(HTTP/HTTPS) Like \fI-L/--location\fP, but will allow sending the name +
password to all hosts that the site may redirect to. This may or may not
introduce a security breach if the site redirects you do a site to which
you'll send your authentication info (which is plaintext in the case of HTTP
Basic authentication).

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable location following.
.IP "--max-filesize <bytes>"
Specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to download. If the file
requested is larger than this value, the transfer will not start and curl will
return with exit code 63.

NOTE: The file size is not always known prior to download, and for such files
this option has no effect even if the file transfer ends up being larger than
this given limit. This concerns both FTP and HTTP transfers.
.IP "-m/--max-time <seconds>"
Maximum time in seconds that you allow the whole operation to take.  This is
useful for preventing your batch jobs from hanging for hours due to slow
networks or links going down.  See also the \fI--connect-timeout\fP option.

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
.IP "-M/--manual"
Manual. Display the huge help text.
.IP "-n/--netrc"
Makes curl scan the \fI.netrc\fP file in the user's home directory for login
name and password. This is typically used for ftp on unix. If used with http,
curl will enable user authentication. See
.BR netrc(4)
or
.BR ftp(1)
for details on the file format. Curl will not complain if that file
hasn't the right permissions (it should not be world nor group
readable). The environment variable "HOME" is used to find the home
directory.

A quick and very simple example of how to setup a \fI.netrc\fP to allow curl
to ftp to the machine host.domain.com with user name \&'myself' and password
\&'secret' should look similar to:

.B "machine host.domain.com login myself password secret"

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable netrc usage.
.IP "--netrc-optional"
Very similar to \fI--netrc\fP, but this option makes the .netrc usage
\fBoptional\fP and not mandatory as the \fI--netrc\fP does.
.IP "--negotiate"
(HTTP) Enables GSS-Negotiate authentication. The GSS-Negotiate method was
designed by Microsoft and is used in their web applications. It is primarily
meant as a support for Kerberos5 authentication but may be also used along
with another authentication methods. For more information see IETF draft
draft-brezak-spnego-http-04.txt.

If you want to enable Negotiate for your proxy authentication, then use
\fI--proxy-negotiate\fP.

This option requires that the library was built with GSSAPI support. This is
not very common. Use \fI-V/--version\fP to see if your version supports
GSS-Negotiate.

When using this option, you must also provide a fake -u/--user option to
activate the authentication code properly. Sending a '-u :' is enough as the
user name and password from the -u option aren't actually used.

If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no
difference.
.IP "-N/--no-buffer"
Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work situations, curl
will use a standard buffered output stream that will have the effect that it
will output the data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when the data arrives.
Using this option will disable that buffering.

If this option is used twice, the second will again switch on buffering.
.IP "--no-sessionid"
(SSL) Disable curl's use of SSL session-ID caching.  By default all transfers
are done using the cache. Note that while nothing ever should get hurt by
attempting to reuse SSL session-IDs, there seem to be broken SSL
implementations in the wild that may require you to disable this in order for
you to succeed. (Added in 7.16.0)

If this option is used twice, the second will again switch on use of the
session cache.
.IP "--ntlm"
(HTTP) Enables NTLM authentication. The NTLM authentication method was
designed by Microsoft and is used by IIS web servers. It is a proprietary
protocol, reversed engineered by clever people and implemented in curl based
on their efforts. This kind of behavior should not be endorsed, you should
encourage everyone who uses NTLM to switch to a public and documented
authentication method instead. Such as Digest.

If you want to enable NTLM for your proxy authentication, then use
\fI--proxy-ntlm\fP.

This option requires that the library was built with SSL support. Use
\fI-V/--version\fP to see if your curl supports NTLM.

If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no
difference.
.IP "-o/--output <file>"
Write output to <file> instead of stdout. If you are using {} or [] to fetch
multiple documents, you can use '#' followed by a number in the <file>
specifier. That variable will be replaced with the current string for the URL
being fetched. Like in:

  curl http://{one,two}.site.com -o "file_#1.txt"

or use several variables like:

  curl http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com -o "#1_#2"

You may use this option as many times as you have number of URLs.

See also the \fI--create-dirs\fP option to create the local directories
dynamically.
.IP "-O/--remote-name"
Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get. (Only the file
part of the remote file is used, the path is cut off.)

The remote file name to use for saving is extracted from the given URL,
nothing else.

You may use this option as many times as you have number of URLs.
.IP "--pass <phrase>"
(SSL/SSH) Pass phrase for the private key

If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
.IP "--post301"
Tells curl to respect RFC 2616/10.3.2 and not convert POST requests into GET
requests when following a 301 redirection. The non-RFC behaviour is ubiquitous
in web browsers, so curl does the conversion by default to maintain
consistency. However, a server may requires a POST to remain a POST after such
a redirection. This option is meaningful only when using \fI-L/--location\fP
(Added in 7.17.1)
.IP "--proxy-anyauth"
Tells curl to pick a suitable authentication method when communicating with
the given proxy. This will cause an extra request/response round-trip. (Added
in 7.13.2)

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable the proxy use-any
authentication.
.IP "--proxy-basic"
Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication when communicating with the given
proxy. Use \fI--basic\fP for enabling HTTP Basic with a remote host. Basic is
the default authentication method curl uses with proxies.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable proxy HTTP Basic
authentication.
.IP "--proxy-digest"
Tells curl to use HTTP Digest authentication when communicating with the given
proxy. Use \fI--digest\fP for enabling HTTP Digest with a remote host.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable proxy HTTP Digest.
.IP "--proxy-negotiate"
Tells curl to use HTTP Negotiate authentication when communicating
with the given proxy. Use \fI--negotiate\fP for enabling HTTP Negotiate
with a remote host.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable proxy HTTP
Negotiate. (Added in 7.17.1)
.IP "--proxy-ntlm"
Tells curl to use HTTP NTLM authentication when communicating with the given
proxy. Use \fI--ntlm\fP for enabling NTLM with a remote host.

If this option is used twice, the second will again disable proxy HTTP NTLM.
.IP "-p/--proxytunnel"
When an HTTP proxy is used (\fI-x/--proxy\fP), this option will cause non-HTTP