perlos2.1

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "PERLOS2 1"
.TH PERLOS2 1 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
perlos2 \- Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
One can read this document in the following formats:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&        man perlos2
\&        view perl perlos2
\&        explorer perlos2.html
\&        info perlos2
.Ve
.PP
to list some (not all may be available simultaneously), or it may
be read \fIas is\fR: either as \fI\s-1README\s0.os2\fR, or \fIpod/perlos2.pod\fR.
.PP
To read the \fI.INF\fR version of documentation (\fBvery\fR recommended)
outside of \s-1OS/2\s0, one needs an \s-1IBM\s0's reader (may be available on \s-1IBM\s0
ftp sites (?)  (\s-1URL\s0 anyone?)) or shipped with \s-1PC\s0 \s-1DOS\s0 7.0 and \s-1IBM\s0's
Visual Age \*(C+ 3.5.
.PP
A copy of a Win* viewer is contained in the \*(L"Just add \s-1OS/2\s0 Warp\*(R" package
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/ps/products/os2/tools/jaow/jaow.zip
.Ve
.PP
in \fI?:\eJUST_ADD\eview.exe\fR. This gives one an access to \s-1EMX\s0's 
\&\fI.INF\fR docs as well (text form is available in \fI/emx/doc\fR in 
\&\s-1EMX\s0's distribution).  There is also a different viewer named xview.
.PP
Note that if you have \fIlynx.exe\fR or \fInetscape.exe\fR installed, you can follow \s-1WWW\s0 links
from this document in \fI.INF\fR format. If you have \s-1EMX\s0 docs installed 
correctly, you can follow library links (you need to have \f(CW\*(C`view emxbook\*(C'\fR
working by setting \f(CW\*(C`EMXBOOK\*(C'\fR environment variable as it is described
in \s-1EMX\s0 docs).
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
.Sh "Target"
.IX Subsection "Target"
The target is to make \s-1OS/2\s0 one of the best supported platform for
using/building/developing Perl and \fIPerl applications\fR, as well as
make Perl the best language to use under \s-1OS/2\s0. The secondary target is
to try to make this work under \s-1DOS\s0 and Win* as well (but not \fBtoo\fR hard).
.PP
The current state is quite close to this target. Known limitations:
.IP "\(bu" 5
Some *nix programs use \fIfork()\fR a lot; with the mostly useful flavors of
perl for \s-1OS/2\s0 (there are several built simultaneously) this is
supported; but some flavors do not support this (e.g., when Perl is
called from inside \s-1REXX\s0).  Using \fIfork()\fR after
\&\fIuse\fRing dynamically loading extensions would not work with \fIvery\fR old
versions of \s-1EMX\s0.
.IP "\(bu" 5
You need a separate perl executable \fIperl_\|_.exe\fR (see perl_\|_.exe)
if you want to use \s-1PM\s0 code in your application (as Perl/Tk or OpenGL
Perl modules do) without having a text-mode window present.
.Sp
While using the standard \fIperl.exe\fR from a text-mode window is possible
too, I have seen cases when this causes degradation of the system stability.
Using \fIperl_\|_.exe\fR avoids such a degradation.
.IP "\(bu" 5
There is no simple way to access \s-1WPS\s0 objects. The only way I know
is via \f(CW\*(C`OS2::REXX\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`SOM\*(C'\fR extensions (see \s-1OS2::REXX\s0, Som).
However, we do not have access to
convenience methods of Object-REXX. (Is it possible at all? I know
of no Object-REXX \s-1API\s0.)  The \f(CW\*(C`SOM\*(C'\fR extension (currently in alpha-text)
may eventually remove this shortcoming; however, due to the fact that
\&\s-1DII\s0 is not supported by the \f(CW\*(C`SOM\*(C'\fR module, using \f(CW\*(C`SOM\*(C'\fR is not as
convenient as one would like it.
.PP
Please keep this list up-to-date by informing me about other items.
.Sh "Other OSes"
.IX Subsection "Other OSes"
Since \s-1OS/2\s0 port of perl uses a remarkable \s-1EMX\s0 environment, it can
run (and build extensions, and \- possibly \- be built itself) under any
environment which can run \s-1EMX\s0. The current list is \s-1DOS\s0,
DOS\-inside\-OS/2, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. Out of many perl flavors,
only one works, see \*(L"perl_.exe\*(R".
.PP
Note that not all features of Perl are available under these
environments. This depends on the features the \fIextender\fR \- most
probably \s-1RSX\s0 \- decided to implement.
.PP
Cf. Prerequisites.
.Sh "Prerequisites"
.IX Subsection "Prerequisites"
.IP "\s-1EMX\s0" 6
.IX Item "EMX"
\&\s-1EMX\s0 runtime is required (may be substituted by \s-1RSX\s0). Note that
it is possible to make \fIperl_.exe\fR to run under \s-1DOS\s0 without any
external support by binding \fIemx.exe\fR/\fIrsx.exe\fR to it, see emxbind. Note
that under \s-1DOS\s0 for best results one should use \s-1RSX\s0 runtime, which
has much more functions working (like \f(CW\*(C`fork\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`popen\*(C'\fR and so on). In
fact \s-1RSX\s0 is required if there is no \s-1VCPI\s0 present. Note the
\&\s-1RSX\s0 requires \s-1DPMI\s0.  Many implementations of \s-1DPMI\s0 are known to be very
buggy, beware!
.Sp
Only the latest runtime is supported, currently \f(CW\*(C`0.9d fix 03\*(C'\fR. Perl may run
under earlier versions of \s-1EMX\s0, but this is not tested.
.Sp
One can get different parts of \s-1EMX\s0 from, say
.Sp
.Vb 3
\&  http://www.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emx+gcc/
\&  http://powerusersbbs.com/pub/os2/dev/   [EMX+GCC Development]
\&  http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/dev/emx/v0.9d/
.Ve
.Sp
The runtime component should have the name \fIemxrt.zip\fR.
.Sp
\&\fB\s-1NOTE\s0\fR. When using \fIemx.exe\fR/\fIrsx.exe\fR, it is enough to have them on your path. One
does not need to specify them explicitly (though this
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  emx perl_.exe \-de 0
.Ve
.Sp
will work as well.)
.IP "\s-1RSX\s0" 6
.IX Item "RSX"
To run Perl on \s-1DPMI\s0 platforms one needs \s-1RSX\s0 runtime. This is
needed under DOS\-inside\-OS/2, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT (see 
\&\*(L"Other OSes\*(R"). \s-1RSX\s0 would not work with \s-1VCPI\s0
only, as \s-1EMX\s0 would, it requires \s-1DMPI\s0.
.Sp
Having \s-1RSX\s0 and the latest \fIsh.exe\fR one gets a fully functional
\&\fB*nix\fR\-ish environment under \s-1DOS\s0, say, \f(CW\*(C`fork\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\`\`\*(C'\fR and
pipe\-\f(CW\*(C`open\*(C'\fR work. In fact, MakeMaker works (for static build), so one
can have Perl development environment under \s-1DOS\s0.
.Sp
One can get \s-1RSX\s0 from, say
.Sp
.Vb 3
\&  ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/emx09c/contrib
\&  ftp://ftp.uni\-bielefeld.de/pub/systems/msdos/misc
\&  ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/devtools/emx+gcc/contrib
.Ve
.Sp
Contact the author on \f(CW\*(C`[e-mail]\-bielefeld.de\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
The latest \fIsh.exe\fR with \s-1DOS\s0 hooks is available in
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  http://www.ilyaz.org/software/os2/
.Ve
.Sp
as \fIsh_dos.zip\fR or under similar names starting with \f(CW\*(C`sh\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`pdksh\*(C'\fR etc.
.IP "\s-1HPFS\s0" 6
.IX Item "HPFS"
Perl does not care about file systems, but the perl library contains
many files with long names, so to install it intact one needs a file
system which supports long file names.
.Sp
Note that if you do not plan to build the perl itself, it may be
possible to fool \s-1EMX\s0 to truncate file names. This is not supported,
read \s-1EMX\s0 docs to see how to do it.
.IP "pdksh" 6
.IX Item "pdksh"
To start external programs with complicated command lines (like with
pipes in between, and/or quoting of arguments), Perl uses an external
shell. With \s-1EMX\s0 port such shell should be named \fIsh.exe\fR, and located
either in the wired-in-during-compile locations (usually \fIF:/bin\fR),
or in configurable location (see \*(L"\s-1PERL_SH_DIR\s0\*(R").
.Sp
For best results use \s-1EMX\s0 pdksh. The standard binary (5.2.14 or later) runs
under \s-1DOS\s0 (with \s-1RSX\s0) as well, see
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  http://www.ilyaz.org/software/os2/
.Ve
.Sh "Starting Perl programs under \s-1OS/2\s0 (and \s-1DOS\s0 and...)"
.IX Subsection "Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)"
Start your Perl program \fIfoo.pl\fR with arguments \f(CW\*(C`arg1 arg2 arg3\*(C'\fR the
same way as on any other platform, by
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        perl foo.pl arg1 arg2 arg3
.Ve
.PP
If you want to specify perl options \f(CW\*(C`\-my_opts\*(C'\fR to the perl itself (as
opposed to your program), use
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        perl \-my_opts foo.pl arg1 arg2 arg3
.Ve
.PP
Alternately, if you use OS/2\-ish shell, like \s-1CMD\s0 or 4os2, put
the following at the start of your perl script: