perlvms.1

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "PERLVMS 1"
.TH PERLVMS 1 "2007-12-18" "perl v5.10.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
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.SH "NAME"
perlvms \- VMS\-specific documentation for Perl
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
Gathered below are notes describing details of Perl 5's 
behavior on \s-1VMS\s0.  They are a supplement to the regular Perl 5 
documentation, so we have focussed on the ways in which Perl 
5 functions differently under \s-1VMS\s0 than it does under Unix, 
and on the interactions between Perl and the rest of the 
operating system.  We haven't tried to duplicate complete 
descriptions of Perl features from the main Perl 
documentation, which can be found in the \fI[.pod]\fR 
subdirectory of the Perl distribution.
.PP
We hope these notes will save you from confusion and lost 
sleep when writing Perl scripts on \s-1VMS\s0.  If you find we've 
missed something you think should appear here, please don't 
hesitate to drop a line to [e-mail].
.SH "Installation"
.IX Header "Installation"
Directions for building and installing Perl 5 can be found in 
the file \fI\s-1README\s0.vms\fR in the main source directory of the 
Perl distribution..
.SH "Organization of Perl Images"
.IX Header "Organization of Perl Images"
.Sh "Core Images"
.IX Subsection "Core Images"
During the installation process, three Perl images are produced.
\&\fIMiniperl.Exe\fR is an executable image which contains all of
the basic functionality of Perl, but cannot take advantage of
Perl extensions.  It is used to generate several files needed
to build the complete Perl and various extensions.  Once you've
finished installing Perl, you can delete this image.
.PP
Most of the complete Perl resides in the shareable image
\&\fIPerlShr.Exe\fR, which provides a core to which the Perl executable
image and all Perl extensions are linked.  You should place this
image in \fISys$Share\fR, or define the logical name \fIPerlShr\fR to
translate to the full file specification of this image.  It should
be world readable.  (Remember that if a user has execute only access
to \fIPerlShr\fR, \s-1VMS\s0 will treat it as if it were a privileged shareable
image, and will therefore require all downstream shareable images to be
INSTALLed, etc.)
.PP
Finally, \fIPerl.Exe\fR is an executable image containing the main
entry point for Perl, as well as some initialization code.  It
should be placed in a public directory, and made world executable.
In order to run Perl with command line arguments, you should
define a foreign command to invoke this image.
.Sh "Perl Extensions"
.IX Subsection "Perl Extensions"
Perl extensions are packages which provide both \s-1XS\s0 and Perl code
to add new functionality to perl.  (\s-1XS\s0 is a meta-language which
simplifies writing C code which interacts with Perl, see
perlxs for more details.)  The Perl code for an
extension is treated like any other library module \- it's
made available in your script through the appropriate
\&\f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`require\*(C'\fR statement, and usually defines a Perl
package containing the extension.
.PP
The portion of the extension provided by the \s-1XS\s0 code may be
connected to the rest of Perl in either of two ways.  In the
\&\fBstatic\fR configuration, the object code for the extension is
linked directly into \fIPerlShr.Exe\fR, and is initialized whenever
Perl is invoked.  In the \fBdynamic\fR configuration, the extension's
machine code is placed into a separate shareable image, which is
mapped by Perl's DynaLoader when the extension is \f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fRd or
\&\f(CW\*(C`require\*(C'\fRd in your script.  This allows you to maintain the
extension as a separate entity, at the cost of keeping track of the
additional shareable image.  Most extensions can be set up as either
static or dynamic.
.PP
The source code for an extension usually resides in its own
directory.  At least three files are generally provided:
\&\fIExtshortname\fR\fI.xs\fR (where \fIExtshortname\fR is the portion of
the extension's name following the last \f(CW\*(C`::\*(C'\fR), containing
the \s-1XS\s0 code, \fIExtshortname\fR\fI.pm\fR, the Perl library module
for the extension, and \fIMakefile.PL\fR, a Perl script which uses
the \f(CW\*(C`MakeMaker\*(C'\fR library modules supplied with Perl to generate
a \fIDescrip.MMS\fR file for the extension.
.Sh "Installing static extensions"
.IX Subsection "Installing static extensions"
Since static extensions are incorporated directly into
\&\fIPerlShr.Exe\fR, you'll have to rebuild Perl to incorporate a
new extension.  You should edit the main \fIDescrip.MMS\fR or \fIMakefile\fR
you use to build Perl, adding the extension's name to the \f(CW\*(C`ext\*(C'\fR
macro, and the extension's object file to the \f(CW\*(C`extobj\*(C'\fR macro.
You'll also need to build the extension's object file, either
by adding dependencies to the main \fIDescrip.MMS\fR, or using a
separate \fIDescrip.MMS\fR for the extension.  Then, rebuild
\&\fIPerlShr.Exe\fR to incorporate the new code.
.PP
Finally, you'll need to copy the extension's Perl library
module to the \fI[.\fR\fIExtname\fR\fI]\fR subdirectory under one
of the directories in \f(CW@INC\fR, where \fIExtname\fR is the name
of the extension, with all \f(CW\*(C`::\*(C'\fR replaced by \f(CW\*(C`.\*(C'\fR (e.g.
the library module for extension Foo::Bar would be copied
to a \fI[.Foo.Bar]\fR subdirectory).
.Sh "Installing dynamic extensions"
.IX Subsection "Installing dynamic extensions"
In general, the distributed kit for a Perl extension includes
a file named Makefile.PL, which is a Perl program which is used
to create a \fIDescrip.MMS\fR file which can be used to build and
install the files required by the extension.  The kit should be
unpacked into a directory tree \fBnot\fR under the main Perl source
directory, and the procedure for building the extension is simply
.PP
.Vb 4
\&    $ perl Makefile.PL  ! Create Descrip.MMS
\&    $ mmk               ! Build necessary files
\&    $ mmk test          ! Run test code, if supplied
\&    $ mmk install       ! Install into public Perl tree
.Ve
.PP
\&\fIN.B.\fR The procedure by which extensions are built and
tested creates several levels (at least 4) under the
directory in which the extension's source files live.
For this reason if you are running a version of \s-1VMS\s0 prior
to V7.1 you shouldn't nest the source directory
too deeply in your directory structure lest you exceed \s-1RMS\s0'
maximum of 8 levels of subdirectory in a filespec.  (You
can use rooted logical names to get another 8 levels of
nesting, if you can't place the files near the top of