perlunicode.1

视频监控网络部分的协议ddns,的模块的实现代码,请大家大胆指正.

.IP "\(bu" 4
The \f(CW\*(C`pack()\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`unpack()\*(C'\fR letter \f(CW\*(C`C\*(C'\fR does \fInot\fR change, since it is often 
used for byte-oriented formats.  Again, think \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR in the C language.
.Sp
There is a new \f(CW\*(C`U\*(C'\fR specifier that converts between Unicode characters
and code points. There is also a \f(CW\*(C`W\*(C'\fR specifier that is the equivalent of
\&\f(CW\*(C`chr\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`ord\*(C'\fR and properly handles character values even if they are above 255.
.IP "\(bu" 4
The \f(CW\*(C`chr()\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ord()\*(C'\fR functions work on characters, similar to
\&\f(CW\*(C`pack("W")\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`unpack("W")\*(C'\fR, \fInot\fR \f(CW\*(C`pack("C")\*(C'\fR and
\&\f(CW\*(C`unpack("C")\*(C'\fR.  \f(CW\*(C`pack("C")\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`unpack("C")\*(C'\fR are methods for
emulating byte-oriented \f(CW\*(C`chr()\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ord()\*(C'\fR on Unicode strings.
While these methods reveal the internal encoding of Unicode strings,
that is not something one normally needs to care about at all.
.IP "\(bu" 4
The bit string operators, \f(CW\*(C`& | ^ ~\*(C'\fR, can operate on character data.
However, for backward compatibility, such as when using bit string
operations when characters are all less than 256 in ordinal value, one
should not use \f(CW\*(C`~\*(C'\fR (the bit complement) with characters of both
values less than 256 and values greater than 256.  Most importantly,
DeMorgan's laws (\f(CW\*(C`~($x|$y) eq ~$x&~$y\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`~($x&$y) eq ~$x|~$y\*(C'\fR)
will not hold.  The reason for this mathematical \fIfaux pas\fR is that
the complement cannot return \fBboth\fR the 8\-bit (byte-wide) bit
complement \fBand\fR the full character-wide bit complement.
.IP "\(bu" 4
\&\fIlc()\fR, \fIuc()\fR, \fIlcfirst()\fR, and \fIucfirst()\fR work for the following cases:
.RS 4
.IP "\(bu" 8
the case mapping is from a single Unicode character to another
single Unicode character, or
.IP "\(bu" 8
the case mapping is from a single Unicode character to more
than one Unicode character.
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
Things to do with locales (Lithuanian, Turkish, Azeri) do \fBnot\fR work
since Perl does not understand the concept of Unicode locales.
.Sp
See the Unicode Technical Report #21, Case Mappings, for more details.
.Sp
But you can also define your own mappings to be used in the \fIlc()\fR,
\&\fIlcfirst()\fR, \fIuc()\fR, and \fIucfirst()\fR (or their string-inlined versions).
.Sp
See \*(L"User-Defined Case Mappings\*(R" for more details.
.RE
.IP "\(bu" 4
And finally, \f(CW\*(C`scalar reverse()\*(C'\fR reverses by character rather than by byte.
.Sh "Unicode Character Properties"
.IX Subsection "Unicode Character Properties"
Named Unicode properties, scripts, and block ranges may be used like
character classes via the \f(CW\*(C`\ep{}\*(C'\fR \*(L"matches property\*(R" construct and
the \f(CW\*(C`\eP{}\*(C'\fR negation, \*(L"doesn't match property\*(R".
.PP
For instance, \f(CW\*(C`\ep{Lu}\*(C'\fR matches any character with the Unicode \*(L"Lu\*(R"
(Letter, uppercase) property, while \f(CW\*(C`\ep{M}\*(C'\fR matches any character
with an \*(L"M\*(R" (mark\*(--accents and such) property.  Brackets are not
required for single letter properties, so \f(CW\*(C`\ep{M}\*(C'\fR is equivalent to
\&\f(CW\*(C`\epM\*(C'\fR. Many predefined properties are available, such as
\&\f(CW\*(C`\ep{Mirrored}\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\ep{Tibetan}\*(C'\fR.
.PP
The official Unicode script and block names have spaces and dashes as
separators, but for convenience you can use dashes, spaces, or
underbars, and case is unimportant. It is recommended, however, that
for consistency you use the following naming: the official Unicode
script, property, or block name (see below for the additional rules
that apply to block names) with whitespace and dashes removed, and the
words \*(L"uppercase-first-lowercase-rest\*(R". \f(CW\*(C`Latin\-1 Supplement\*(C'\fR thus
becomes \f(CW\*(C`Latin1Supplement\*(C'\fR.
.PP
You can also use negation in both \f(CW\*(C`\ep{}\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eP{}\*(C'\fR by introducing a caret
(^) between the first brace and the property name: \f(CW\*(C`\ep{^Tamil}\*(C'\fR is
equal to \f(CW\*(C`\eP{Tamil}\*(C'\fR.
.PP
\&\fB\s-1NOTE:\s0 the properties, scripts, and blocks listed here are as of
Unicode 5.0.0 in July 2006.\fR
.IP "General Category" 4
.IX Item "General Category"
Here are the basic Unicode General Category properties, followed by their
long form.  You can use either; \f(CW\*(C`\ep{Lu}\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\ep{UppercaseLetter}\*(C'\fR,
for instance, are identical.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&    Short       Long
\&
\&    L           Letter
\&    LC          CasedLetter
\&    Lu          UppercaseLetter
\&    Ll          LowercaseLetter
\&    Lt          TitlecaseLetter
\&    Lm          ModifierLetter
\&    Lo          OtherLetter
\&
\&    M           Mark
\&    Mn          NonspacingMark
\&    Mc          SpacingMark
\&    Me          EnclosingMark
\&
\&    N           Number
\&    Nd          DecimalNumber
\&    Nl          LetterNumber
\&    No          OtherNumber
\&
\&    P           Punctuation
\&    Pc          ConnectorPunctuation
\&    Pd          DashPunctuation
\&    Ps          OpenPunctuation
\&    Pe          ClosePunctuation
\&    Pi          InitialPunctuation
\&                (may behave like Ps or Pe depending on usage)
\&    Pf          FinalPunctuation
\&                (may behave like Ps or Pe depending on usage)
\&    Po          OtherPunctuation
\&
\&    S           Symbol
\&    Sm          MathSymbol
\&    Sc          CurrencySymbol
\&    Sk          ModifierSymbol
\&    So          OtherSymbol
\&
\&    Z           Separator
\&    Zs          SpaceSeparator
\&    Zl          LineSeparator
\&    Zp          ParagraphSeparator
\&
\&    C           Other
\&    Cc          Control
\&    Cf          Format
\&    Cs          Surrogate   (not usable)
\&    Co          PrivateUse
\&    Cn          Unassigned
.Ve
.Sp
Single-letter properties match all characters in any of the
two-letter sub-properties starting with the same letter.
\&\f(CW\*(C`LC\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`L&\*(C'\fR are special cases, which are aliases for the set of
\&\f(CW\*(C`Ll\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`Lu\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`Lt\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
Because Perl hides the need for the user to understand the internal
representation of Unicode characters, there is no need to implement
the somewhat messy concept of surrogates. \f(CW\*(C`Cs\*(C'\fR is therefore not
supported.
.IP "Bidirectional Character Types" 4
.IX Item "Bidirectional Character Types"
Because scripts differ in their directionality\*(--Hebrew is
written right to left, for example\*(--Unicode supplies these properties in
the BidiClass class:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&    Property    Meaning
\&
\&    L           Left\-to\-Right
\&    LRE         Left\-to\-Right Embedding
\&    LRO         Left\-to\-Right Override
\&    R           Right\-to\-Left
\&    AL          Right\-to\-Left Arabic
\&    RLE         Right\-to\-Left Embedding
\&    RLO         Right\-to\-Left Override
\&    PDF         Pop Directional Format
\&    EN          European Number
\&    ES          European Number Separator
\&    ET          European Number Terminator
\&    AN          Arabic Number
\&    CS          Common Number Separator
\&    NSM         Non\-Spacing Mark
\&    BN          Boundary Neutral
\&    B           Paragraph Separator
\&    S           Segment Separator
\&    WS          Whitespace
\&    ON          Other Neutrals
.Ve
.Sp
For example, \f(CW\*(C`\ep{BidiClass:R}\*(C'\fR matches characters that are normally
written right to left.
.IP "Scripts" 4
.IX Item "Scripts"
The script names which can be used by \f(CW\*(C`\ep{...}\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eP{...}\*(C'\fR,
such as in \f(CW\*(C`\ep{Latin}\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\ep{Cyrillic}\*(C'\fR, are as follows:
.Sp
.Vb 10
\&    Arabic
\&    Armenian
\&    Balinese
\&    Bengali
\&    Bopomofo
\&    Braille
\&    Buginese
\&    Buhid
\&    CanadianAboriginal
\&    Cherokee
\&    Coptic
\&    Cuneiform
\&    Cypriot
\&    Cyrillic
\&    Deseret
\&    Devanagari
\&    Ethiopic
\&    Georgian
\&    Glagolitic
\&    Gothic
\&    Greek
\&    Gujarati
\&    Gurmukhi
\&    Han
\&    Hangul
\&    Hanunoo
\&    Hebrew
\&    Hiragana
\&    Inherited
\&    Kannada
\&    Katakana
\&    Kharoshthi
\&    Khmer
\&    Lao
\&    Latin
\&    Limbu
\&    LinearB
\&    Malayalam
\&    Mongolian
\&    Myanmar
\&    NewTaiLue
\&    Nko
\&    Ogham
\&    OldItalic
\&    OldPersian
\&    Oriya
\&    Osmanya
\&    PhagsPa
\&    Phoenician
\&    Runic
\&    Shavian
\&    Sinhala
\&    SylotiNagri
\&    Syriac
\&    Tagalog
\&    Tagbanwa
\&    TaiLe
\&    Tamil
\&    Telugu
\&    Thaana
\&    Thai
\&    Tibetan
\&    Tifinagh
\&    Ugaritic
\&    Yi
.Ve
.IP "Extended property classes" 4
.IX Item "Extended property classes"
Extended property classes can supplement the basic
properties, defined by the \fIPropList\fR Unicode database:
.Sp
.Vb 10
\&    ASCIIHexDigit
\&    BidiControl
\&    Dash
\&    Deprecated
\&    Diacritic
\&    Extender
\&    HexDigit
\&    Hyphen
\&    Ideographic
\&    IDSBinaryOperator
\&    IDSTrinaryOperator
\&    JoinControl
\&    LogicalOrderException
\&    NoncharacterCodePoint
\&    OtherAlphabetic
\&    OtherDefaultIgnorableCodePoint
\&    OtherGraphemeExtend
\&    OtherIDStart
\&    OtherIDContinue
\&    OtherLowercase
\&    OtherMath
\&    OtherUppercase
\&    PatternSyntax
\&    PatternWhiteSpace
\&    QuotationMark
\&    Radical
\&    SoftDotted
\&    STerm
\&    TerminalPunctuation
\&    UnifiedIdeograph
\&    VariationSelector
\&    WhiteSpace
.Ve
.Sp
and there are further derived properties:
.Sp
.Vb 4
\&    Alphabetic  =  Lu + Ll + Lt + Lm + Lo + Nl + OtherAlphabetic
\&    Lowercase   =  Ll + OtherLowercase
\&    Uppercase   =  Lu + OtherUppercase
\&    Math        =  Sm + OtherMath
\&
\&    IDStart     =  Lu + Ll + Lt + Lm + Lo + Nl + OtherIDStart
\&    IDContinue  =  IDStart + Mn + Mc + Nd + Pc + OtherIDContinue
\&
\&    DefaultIgnorableCodePoint
\&                =  OtherDefaultIgnorableCodePoint
\&                   + Cf + Cc + Cs + Noncharacters + VariationSelector
\&                   \- WhiteSpace \- FFF9..FFFB (Annotation Characters)
\&
\&    Any         =  Any code points (i.e. U+0000 to U+10FFFF)
\&    Assigned    =  Any non\-Cn code points (i.e. synonym for \eP{Cn})
\&    Unassigned  =  Synonym for \ep{Cn}
\&    ASCII       =  ASCII (i.e. U+0000 to U+007F)
\&
\&    Common      =  Any character (or unassigned code point)
\&                   not explicitly assigned to a script
.Ve
.ie n .IP "Use of ""Is"" Prefix" 4
.el .IP "Use of ``Is'' Prefix" 4
.IX Item "Use of Is Prefix"
For backward compatibility (with Perl 5.6), all properties mentioned
so far may have \f(CW\*(C`Is\*(C'\fR prepended to their name, so \f(CW\*(C`\eP{IsLu}\*(C'\fR, for
example, is equal to \f(CW\*(C`\eP{Lu}\*(C'\fR.
.IP "Blocks" 4
.IX Item "Blocks"
In addition to \fBscripts\fR, Unicode also defines \fBblocks\fR of
characters.  The difference between scripts and blocks is that the
concept of scripts is closer to natural languages, while the concept