man.pm

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# format.  Currently, the only formatting options are guesswork, cleanup, and
# convert, all of which are boolean.
sub format_text {
    my ($self, $options, $text) = @_;
    my $guesswork = $$options{guesswork} && !$$self{IN_NAME};
    my $cleanup = $$options{cleanup};
    my $convert = $$options{convert};
    my $literal = $$options{literal};

    # Normally we do character translation, but we won't even do that in
    # <Data> blocks.
    if ($convert) {
        if (ASCII) {
            $text =~ s/(\\|[^\x00-\x7F])/$ESCAPES{ord ($1)} || "X"/eg;
        } else {
            $text =~ s/(\\)/$ESCAPES{ord ($1)} || "X"/eg;
        }
    }

    # Cleanup just tidies up a few things, telling *roff that the hyphens are
    # hard and putting a bit of space between consecutive underscores.
    if ($cleanup) {
        $text =~ s/-/\\-/g;
        $text =~ s/_(?=_)/_\\|/g;
    }

    # Ensure that *roff doesn't convert literal quotes to UTF-8 single quotes,
    # but don't mess up our accept escapes.
    if ($literal) {
        $text =~ s/(?<!\\\*)\'/\\*\(Aq/g;
        $text =~ s/(?<!\\\*)\`/\\\`/g;
    }

    # If guesswork is asked for, do that.  This involves more substantial
    # formatting based on various heuristics that may only be appropriate for
    # particular documents.
    if ($guesswork) {
        $text = $self->guesswork ($text);
    }

    return $text;
}

# Handles C<> text, deciding whether to put \*C` around it or not.  This is a
# whole bunch of messy heuristics to try to avoid overquoting, originally from
# Barrie Slaymaker.  This largely duplicates similar code in Pod::Text.
sub quote_literal {
    my $self = shift;
    local $_ = shift;

    # A regex that matches the portion of a variable reference that's the
    # array or hash index, separated out just because we want to use it in
    # several places in the following regex.
    my $index = '(?: \[.*\] | \{.*\} )?';

    # Check for things that we don't want to quote, and if we find any of
    # them, return the string with just a font change and no quoting.
    m{
      ^\s*
      (?:
         ( [\'\`\"] ) .* \1                             # already quoted
       | \\\*\(Aq .* \\\*\(Aq                           # quoted and escaped
       | \\?\` .* ( \' | \\\*\(Aq )                     # `quoted'
       | \$+ [\#^]? \S $index                           # special ($^Foo, $")
       | [\$\@%&*]+ \#? [:\'\w]+ $index                 # plain var or func
       | [\$\@%&*]* [:\'\w]+ (?: -> )? \(\s*[^\s,]\s*\) # 0/1-arg func call
       | [-+]? ( \d[\d.]* | \.\d+ ) (?: [eE][-+]?\d+ )? # a number
       | 0x [a-fA-F\d]+                                 # a hex constant
      )
      \s*\z
     }xso and return '\f(FS' . $_ . '\f(FE';

    # If we didn't return, go ahead and quote the text.
    return '\f(FS\*(C`' . $_ . "\\*(C'\\f(FE";
}

# Takes a text block to perform guesswork on.  Returns the text block with
# formatting codes added.  This is the code that marks up various Perl
# constructs and things commonly used in man pages without requiring the user
# to add any explicit markup, and is applied to all non-literal text.  We're
# guaranteed that the text we're applying guesswork to does not contain any
# *roff formatting codes.  Note that the inserted font sequences must be
# treated later with mapfonts or textmapfonts.
#
# This method is very fragile, both in the regular expressions it uses and in
# the ordering of those modifications.  Care and testing is required when
# modifying it.
sub guesswork {
    my $self = shift;
    local $_ = shift;
    DEBUG > 5 and print "   Guesswork called on [$_]\n";

    # By the time we reach this point, all hypens will be escaped by adding a
    # backslash.  We want to undo that escaping if they're part of regular
    # words and there's only a single dash, since that's a real hyphen that
    # *roff gets to consider a possible break point.  Make sure that a dash
    # after the first character of a word stays non-breaking, however.
    #
    # Note that this is not user-controllable; we pretty much have to do this
    # transformation or *roff will mangle the output in unacceptable ways.
    s{
        ( (?:\G|^|\s) [\(\"]* [a-zA-Z] ) ( \\- )?
        ( (?: [a-zA-Z\']+ \\-)+ )
        ( [a-zA-Z\']+ ) (?= [\)\".?!,;:]* (?:\s|\Z|\\\ ) )
        \b
    } {
        my ($prefix, $hyphen, $main, $suffix) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
        $hyphen ||= '';
        $main =~ s/\\-/-/g;
        $prefix . $hyphen . $main . $suffix;
    }egx;

    # Translate "--" into a real em-dash if it's used like one.  This means
    # that it's either surrounded by whitespace, it follows a regular word, or
    # it occurs between two regular words.
    if ($$self{MAGIC_EMDASH}) {
        s{          (\s) \\-\\- (\s)                } { $1 . '\*(--' . $2 }egx;
        s{ (\b[a-zA-Z]+) \\-\\- (\s|\Z|[a-zA-Z]+\b) } { $1 . '\*(--' . $2 }egx;
    }

    # Make words in all-caps a little bit smaller; they look better that way.
    # However, we don't want to change Perl code (like @ARGV), nor do we want
    # to fix the MIME in MIME-Version since it looks weird with the
    # full-height V.
    #
    # We change only a string of all caps (2) either at the beginning of the
    # line or following regular punctuation (like quotes) or whitespace (1),
    # and followed by either similar punctuation, an em-dash, or the end of
    # the line (3).
    if ($$self{MAGIC_SMALLCAPS}) {
        s{
            ( ^ | [\s\(\"\'\`\[\{<>] | \\\  )                   # (1)
            ( [A-Z] [A-Z] (?: [/A-Z+:\d_\$&] | \\- )* )         # (2)
            (?= [\s>\}\]\(\)\'\".?!,;] | \\*\(-- | \\\  | $ )   # (3)
        } {
            $1 . '\s-1' . $2 . '\s0'
        }egx;
    }

    # Note that from this point forward, we have to adjust for \s-1 and \s-0
    # strings inserted around things that we've made small-caps if later
    # transforms should work on those strings.

    # Italize functions in the form func(), including functions that are in
    # all capitals, but don't italize if there's anything between the parens.
    # The function must start with an alphabetic character or underscore and
    # then consist of word characters or colons.
    if ($$self{MAGIC_FUNC}) {
        s{
            ( \b | \\s-1 )
            ( [A-Za-z_] ([:\w] | \\s-?[01])+ \(\) )
        } {
            $1 . '\f(IS' . $2 . '\f(IE'
        }egx;
    }

    # Change references to manual pages to put the page name in italics but
    # the number in the regular font, with a thin space between the name and
    # the number.  Only recognize func(n) where func starts with an alphabetic
    # character or underscore and contains only word characters, periods (for
    # configuration file man pages), or colons, and n is a single digit,
    # optionally followed by some number of lowercase letters.  Note that this
    # does not recognize man page references like perl(l) or socket(3SOCKET).
    if ($$self{MAGIC_MANREF}) {
        s{
            ( \b | \\s-1 )
            ( [A-Za-z_] (?:[.:\w] | \\- | \\s-?[01])+ )
            ( \( \d [a-z]* \) )
        } {
            $1 . '\f(IS' . $2 . '\f(IE\|' . $3
        }egx;
    }

    # Convert simple Perl variable references to a fixed-width font.  Be
    # careful not to convert functions, though; there are too many subtleties
    # with them to want to perform this transformation.
    if ($$self{MAGIC_VARS}) {
        s{
           ( ^ | \s+ )
           ( [\$\@%] [\w:]+ )
           (?! \( )
        } {
            $1 . '\f(FS' . $2 . '\f(FE'
        }egx;
    }

    # Fix up double quotes.  Unfortunately, we miss this transformation if the
    # quoted text contains any code with formatting codes and there's not much
    # we can effectively do about that, which makes it somewhat unclear if
    # this is really a good idea.
    s{ \" ([^\"]+) \" } { '\*(L"' . $1 . '\*(R"' }egx;

    # Make C++ into \*(C+, which is a squinched version.
    if ($$self{MAGIC_CPP}) {
        s{ \b C\+\+ } {\\*\(C+}gx;
    }

    # Done.
    DEBUG > 5 and print "   Guesswork returning [$_]\n";
    return $_;
}

##############################################################################
# Output
##############################################################################

# When building up the *roff code, we don't use real *roff fonts.  Instead, we
# embed font codes of the form \f(<font>[SE] where <font> is one of B, I, or
# F, S stands for start, and E stands for end.  This method turns these into
# the right start and end codes.
#
# We add this level of complexity because the old pod2man didn't get code like
# B<someI<thing> else> right; after I<> it switched back to normal text rather
# than bold.  We take care of this by using variables that state whether bold,
# italic, or fixed are turned on as a combined pointer to our current font
# sequence, and set each to the number of current nestings of start tags for
# that font.
#
# \fP changes to the previous font, but only one previous font is kept.  We
# don't know what the outside level font is; normally it's R, but if we're
# inside a heading it could be something else.  So arrange things so that the
# outside font is always the "previous" font and end with \fP instead of \fR.
# Idea from Zack Weinberg.
sub mapfonts {
    my ($self, $text) = @_;
    my ($fixed, $bold, $italic) = (0, 0, 0);
    my %magic = (F => \$fixed, B => \$bold, I => \$italic);
    my $last = '\fR';
    $text =~ s<
        \\f\((.)(.)
    > <
        my $sequence = '';
        my $f;
        if ($last ne '\fR') { $sequence = '\fP' }
        ${ $magic{$1} } += ($2 eq 'S') ? 1 : -1;
        $f = $$self{FONTS}{ ($fixed && 1) . ($bold && 1) . ($italic && 1) };
        if ($f eq $last) {
            '';
        } else {
            if ($f ne '\fR') { $sequence .= $f }
            $last = $f;
            $sequence;
        }
    >gxe;
    return $text;
}

# Unfortunately, there is a bug in Solaris 2.6 nroff (not present in GNU
# groff) where the sequence \fB\fP\f(CW\fP leaves the font set to B rather
# than R, presumably because \f(CW doesn't actually do a font change.  To work
# around this, use a separate textmapfonts for text blocks where the default
# font is always R and only use the smart mapfonts for headings.
sub textmapfonts {
    my ($self, $text) = @_;
    my ($fixed, $bold, $italic) = (0, 0, 0);
    my %magic = (F => \$fixed, B => \$bold, I => \$italic);
    $text =~ s<
        \\f\((.)(.)
    > <
        ${ $magic{$1} } += ($2 eq 'S') ? 1 : -1;
        $$self{FONTS}{ ($fixed && 1) . ($bold && 1) . ($italic && 1) };
    >gxe;
    return $text;
}

# Given a command and a single argument that may or may not contain double
# quotes, handle double-quote formatting for it.  If there are no double
# quotes, just return the command followed by the argument in double quotes.
# If there are double quotes, use an if statement to test for nroff, and for
# nroff output the command followed by the argument in double quotes with
# embedded double quotes doubled.  For other formatters, remap paired double
# quotes to LQUOTE and RQUOTE.
sub switchquotes {
    my ($self, $command, $text, $extra) = @_;
    $text =~ s/\\\*\([LR]\"/\"/g;

    # We also have to deal with \*C` and \*C', which are used to add the
    # quotes around C<> text, since they may expand to " and if they do this
    # confuses the .SH macros and the like no end.  Expand them ourselves.
    # Also separate troff from nroff if there are any fixed-width fonts in use
    # to work around problems with Solaris nroff.
    my $c_is_quote = ($$self{LQUOTE} =~ /\"/) || ($$self{RQUOTE} =~ /\"/);
    my $fixedpat = join '|', @{ $$self{FONTS} }{'100', '101', '110', '111'};
    $fixedpat =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
    $fixedpat =~ s/\(/\\\(/g;
    if ($text =~ m/\"/ || $text =~ m/$fixedpat/) {
        $text =~ s/\"/\"\"/g;
        my $nroff = $text;
        my $troff = $text;
        $troff =~ s/\"\"([^\"]*)\"\"/\`\`$1\'\'/g;
        if ($c_is_quote and $text =~ m/\\\*\(C[\'\`]/) {
            $nroff =~ s/\\\*\(C\`/$$self{LQUOTE}/g;
            $nroff =~ s/\\\*\(C\'/$$self{RQUOTE}/g;
            $troff =~ s/\\\*\(C[\'\`]//g;
        }
        $nroff = qq("$nroff") . ($extra ? " $extra" : '');
        $troff = qq("$troff") . ($extra ? " $extra" : '');

        # Work around the Solaris nroff bug where \f(CW\fP leaves the font set
        # to Roman rather than the actual previous font when used in headings.
        # troff output may still be broken, but at least we can fix nroff by
        # just switching the font changes to the non-fixed versions.
        $nroff =~ s/\Q$$self{FONTS}{100}\E(.*)\\f[PR]/$1/g;
        $nroff =~ s/\Q$$self{FONTS}{101}\E(.*)\\f([PR])/\\fI$1\\f$2/g;
        $nroff =~ s/\Q$$self{FONTS}{110}\E(.*)\\f([PR])/\\fB$1\\f$2/g;
        $nroff =~ s/\Q$$self{FONTS}{111}\E(.*)\\f([PR])/\\f\(BI$1\\f$2/g;

        # Now finally output the command.  Bother with .ie only if the nroff
        # and troff output aren't the same.
        if ($nroff ne $troff) {
            return ".ie n $command $nroff\n.el $command $troff\n";
        } else {
            return "$command $nroff\n";
        }
    } else {
        $text = qq("$text") . ($extra ? " $extra" : '');
        return "$command $text\n";
    }
}

# Protect leading quotes and periods against interpretation as commands.  Also
# protect anything starting with a backslash, since it could expand or hide
# something that *roff would interpret as a command.  This is overkill, but
# it's much simpler than trying to parse *roff here.
sub protect {
    my ($self, $text) = @_;
    $text =~ s/^([.\'\\])/\\&$1/mg;
    return $text;
}

# Make vertical whitespace if NEEDSPACE is set, appropriate to the indentation
# level the situation.  This function is needed since in *roff one has to
# create vertical whitespace after paragraphs and between some things, but
# other macros create their own whitespace.  Also close out a sequence of
# repeated =items, since calling makespace means we're about to begin the item
# body.
sub makespace {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->output (".PD\n") if $$self{ITEMS} > 1;
    $$self{ITEMS} = 0;
    $self->output ($$self{INDENT} > 0 ? ".Sp\n" : ".PP\n")