op.h

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/*    op.h
 *
 *    Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
 *    2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
 *
 *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
 *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
 *
 */

/*
 * The fields of BASEOP are:
 *	op_next		Pointer to next ppcode to execute after this one.
 *			(Top level pre-grafted op points to first op,
 *			but this is replaced when op is grafted in, when
 *			this op will point to the real next op, and the new
 *			parent takes over role of remembering starting op.)
 *	op_ppaddr	Pointer to current ppcode's function.
 *	op_type		The type of the operation.
 *	op_opt		Whether or not the op has been optimised by the
 *			peephole optimiser.
 *
 *			See the comments in S_clear_yystack() for more
 *			details on the following three flags:
 *
 *	op_latefree	tell op_free() to clear this op (and free any kids)
 *			but not yet deallocate the struct. This means that
 *			the op may be safely op_free()d multiple times
 *	op_latefreed	an op_latefree op has been op_free()d
 *	op_attached	this op (sub)tree has been attached to a CV
 *
 *	op_spare	three spare bits!
 *	op_flags	Flags common to all operations.  See OPf_* below.
 *	op_private	Flags peculiar to a particular operation (BUT,
 *			by default, set to the number of children until
 *			the operation is privatized by a check routine,
 *			which may or may not check number of children).
 */

#define OPCODE U16

#ifdef PERL_MAD
#  define MADPROP_IN_BASEOP	MADPROP*	op_madprop;
#else
#  define MADPROP_IN_BASEOP
#endif

#ifdef BASEOP_DEFINITION
#define BASEOP BASEOP_DEFINITION
#else
#define BASEOP				\
    OP*		op_next;		\
    OP*		op_sibling;		\
    OP*		(CPERLscope(*op_ppaddr))(pTHX);		\
    MADPROP_IN_BASEOP			\
    PADOFFSET	op_targ;		\
    unsigned	op_type:9;		\
    unsigned	op_opt:1;		\
    unsigned	op_latefree:1;		\
    unsigned	op_latefreed:1;		\
    unsigned	op_attached:1;		\
    unsigned	op_spare:3;		\
    U8		op_flags;		\
    U8		op_private;
#endif

#define OP_GIMME(op,dfl) \
	(((op)->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID   ? G_VOID   : \
	 ((op)->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR ? G_SCALAR : \
	 ((op)->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST   ? G_ARRAY   : \
	 dfl)

/*
=head1 "Gimme" Values

=for apidoc Amn|U32|GIMME_V
The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>.  Returns C<G_VOID>,
C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
respectively.

=for apidoc Amn|U32|GIMME
A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
Deprecated.  Use C<GIMME_V> instead.

=cut
*/

#define GIMME_V		OP_GIMME(PL_op, block_gimme())

/* Public flags */

#define OPf_WANT	3	/* Mask for "want" bits: */
#define  OPf_WANT_VOID	 1	/*   Want nothing */
#define  OPf_WANT_SCALAR 2	/*   Want single value */
#define  OPf_WANT_LIST	 3	/*   Want list of any length */
#define OPf_KIDS	4	/* There is a firstborn child. */
#define OPf_PARENS	8	/* This operator was parenthesized. */
				/*  (Or block needs explicit scope entry.) */
#define OPf_REF		16	/* Certified reference. */
				/*  (Return container, not containee). */
#define OPf_MOD		32	/* Will modify (lvalue). */
#define OPf_STACKED	64	/* Some arg is arriving on the stack. */
#define OPf_SPECIAL	128	/* Do something weird for this op: */
				/*  On local LVAL, don't init local value. */
				/*  On OP_CONST, value is the hints hash for
				    eval, so return a copy from pp_const() */
				/*  On OP_SORT, subroutine is inlined. */
				/*  On OP_NOT, inversion was implicit. */
				/*  On OP_LEAVE, don't restore curpm. */
				/*  On truncate, we truncate filehandle */
				/*  On control verbs, we saw no label */
				/*  On flipflop, we saw ... instead of .. */
				/*  On UNOPs, saw bare parens, e.g. eof(). */
				/*  On OP_ENTERSUB || OP_NULL, saw a "do". */
				/*  On OP_EXISTS, treat av as av, not avhv.  */
				/*  On OP_(ENTER|LEAVE)EVAL, don't clear $@ */
				/*  On OP_ENTERITER, loop var is per-thread */
				/*  On pushre, rx is used as part of split, e.g. split " " */
				/*  On regcomp, "use re 'eval'" was in scope */
				/*  On OP_READLINE, was <$filehandle> */
				/*  On RV2[ACGHS]V, don't create GV--in
				    defined()*/
				/*  On OP_DBSTATE, indicates breakpoint
				 *    (runtime property) */
				/*  On OP_AELEMFAST, indiciates pad var */
				/*  On OP_REQUIRE, was seen as CORE::require */
				/*  On OP_ENTERWHEN, there's no condition */
				/*  On OP_BREAK, an implicit break */
				/*  On OP_SMARTMATCH, an implicit smartmatch */
				/*  On OP_ANONHASH and OP_ANONLIST, create a
				    reference to the new anon hash or array */

/* old names; don't use in new code, but don't break them, either */
#define OPf_LIST	OPf_WANT_LIST
#define OPf_KNOW	OPf_WANT

#define GIMME \
	  (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_WANT					\
	   ? ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST		\
	      ? G_ARRAY							\
	      : G_SCALAR)						\
	   : dowantarray())

/* NOTE: OP_NEXTSTATE, OP_DBSTATE, and OP_SETSTATE (i.e. COPs) carry lower
 * bits of PL_hints in op_private */

/* Private for lvalues */
#define OPpLVAL_INTRO	128	/* Lvalue must be localized or lvalue sub */

/* Private for OP_LEAVE, OP_LEAVESUB, OP_LEAVESUBLV and OP_LEAVEWRITE */
#define OPpREFCOUNTED		64	/* op_targ carries a refcount */

/* Private for OP_AASSIGN */
#define OPpASSIGN_COMMON	64	/* Left & right have syms in common. */

/* Private for OP_SASSIGN */
#define OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS	64	/* Left & right switched. */
#define OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV	128	/* Possible optimisation for constants. */

/* Private for OP_MATCH and OP_SUBST{,CONST} */
#define OPpRUNTIME		64	/* Pattern coming in on the stack */

/* Private for OP_TRANS */
#define OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF	1
#define OPpTRANS_TO_UTF		2
#define OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL	4	/* right side is same as left */
#define OPpTRANS_SQUASH		8
    /* 16 is used for OPpTARGET_MY */
#define OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT	32
#define OPpTRANS_GROWS		64
#define OPpTRANS_DELETE		128
#define OPpTRANS_ALL	(OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF|OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL|OPpTRANS_SQUASH|OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT|OPpTRANS_GROWS|OPpTRANS_DELETE)

/* Private for OP_REPEAT */
#define OPpREPEAT_DOLIST	64	/* List replication. */

/* Private for OP_RV2GV, OP_RV2SV, OP_AELEM, OP_HELEM, OP_PADSV */
#define OPpDEREF		(32|64)	/* autovivify: Want ref to something: */
#define OPpDEREF_AV		32	/*   Want ref to AV. */
#define OPpDEREF_HV		64	/*   Want ref to HV. */
#define OPpDEREF_SV		(32|64)	/*   Want ref to SV. */
  /* OP_ENTERSUB only */
#define OPpENTERSUB_DB		16	/* Debug subroutine. */
#define OPpENTERSUB_HASTARG	32	/* Called from OP tree. */
#define OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD	64	/* Immune to mod() for :attrlist. */
  /* OP_RV2CV only */
#define OPpENTERSUB_AMPER	8	/* Used & form to call. */
#define OPpENTERSUB_NOPAREN	128	/* bare sub call (without parens) */
#define OPpENTERSUB_INARGS	4	/* Lval used as arg to a sub. */
  /* OP_GV only */
#define OPpEARLY_CV		32	/* foo() called before sub foo was parsed */
  /* OP_?ELEM only */
#define OPpLVAL_DEFER		16	/* Defer creation of array/hash elem */
  /* OP_RV2?V, OP_GVSV, OP_ENTERITER only */
#define OPpOUR_INTRO		16	/* Variable was in an our() */
  /* OP_RV2[AGH]V, OP_PAD[AH]V, OP_[AH]ELEM */
#define OPpMAYBE_LVSUB		8	/* We might be an lvalue to return */
  /* OP_PADSV only */
#define OPpPAD_STATE		16	/* is a "state" pad */
  /* for OP_RV2?V, lower bits carry hints (currently only HINT_STRICT_REFS) */

  /* OP_RV2GV only */
#define OPpDONT_INIT_GV		4	/* Call gv_fetchpv with GV_NOINIT */
/* (Therefore will return whatever is currently in the symbol table, not
   guaranteed to be a PVGV)  */

  /* OP_RV2CV only */
#define OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT	1	/* If a constant sub, return the constant */

/* Private for OPs with TARGLEX */
  /* (lower bits may carry MAXARG) */
#define OPpTARGET_MY		16	/* Target is PADMY. */

/* Private for OP_ENTERITER and OP_ITER */
#define OPpITER_REVERSED	4	/* for (reverse ...) */
#define OPpITER_DEF		8	/* for $_ or for my $_ */

/* Private for OP_CONST */
#define	OPpCONST_NOVER		2	/* no 6; */
#define	OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT	4	/* eg the constant 5 in (5 || foo) */
#define	OPpCONST_STRICT		8	/* bearword subject to strict 'subs' */
#define OPpCONST_ENTERED	16	/* Has been entered as symbol. */
#define OPpCONST_ARYBASE	32	/* Was a $[ translated to constant. */
#define OPpCONST_BARE		64	/* Was a bare word (filehandle?). */
#define OPpCONST_WARNING	128	/* Was a $^W translated to constant. */

/* Private for OP_FLIP/FLOP */
#define OPpFLIP_LINENUM		64	/* Range arg potentially a line num. */

/* Private for OP_LIST */
#define OPpLIST_GUESSED		64	/* Guessed that pushmark was needed. */

/* Private for OP_DELETE */
#define OPpSLICE		64	/* Operating on a list of keys */

/* Private for OP_EXISTS */
#define OPpEXISTS_SUB		64	/* Checking for &sub, not {} or [].  */

/* Private for OP_SORT */
#define OPpSORT_NUMERIC		1	/* Optimized away { $a <=> $b } */
#define OPpSORT_INTEGER		2	/* Ditto while under "use integer" */
#define OPpSORT_REVERSE		4	/* Reversed sort */
#define OPpSORT_INPLACE		8	/* sort in-place; eg @a = sort @a */
#define OPpSORT_DESCEND		16	/* Descending sort */
#define OPpSORT_QSORT		32	/* Use quicksort (not mergesort) */
#define OPpSORT_STABLE		64	/* Use a stable algorithm */

/* Private for OP_THREADSV */
#define OPpDONE_SVREF		64	/* Been through newSVREF once */

/* Private for OP_OPEN and OP_BACKTICK */
#define OPpOPEN_IN_RAW		16	/* binmode(F,":raw") on input fh */
#define OPpOPEN_IN_CRLF		32	/* binmode(F,":crlf") on input fh */
#define OPpOPEN_OUT_RAW		64	/* binmode(F,":raw") on output fh */
#define OPpOPEN_OUT_CRLF	128	/* binmode(F,":crlf") on output fh */

/* Private for OP_EXIT, HUSH also for OP_DIE */
#define OPpHUSH_VMSISH		64	/* hush DCL exit msg vmsish mode*/
#define OPpEXIT_VMSISH		128	/* exit(0) vs. exit(1) vmsish mode*/

/* Private for OP_FTXXX */
#define OPpFT_ACCESS		2	/* use filetest 'access' */
#define OPpFT_STACKED		4	/* stacked filetest, as in "-f -x $f" */
#define OP_IS_FILETEST_ACCESS(op) 		\
	(((op)->op_type) == OP_FTRREAD  ||	\
	 ((op)->op_type) == OP_FTRWRITE ||	\
	 ((op)->op_type) == OP_FTREXEC  ||	\
	 ((op)->op_type) == OP_FTEREAD  ||	\
	 ((op)->op_type) == OP_FTEWRITE ||	\
	 ((op)->op_type) == OP_FTEEXEC)

/* Private for OP_(MAP|GREP)(WHILE|START) */
#define OPpGREP_LEX		2	/* iterate over lexical $_ */
    
/* Private for OP_ENTEREVAL */
#define OPpEVAL_HAS_HH		2	/* Does it have a copy of %^H */
    
struct op {
    BASEOP
};

struct unop {
    BASEOP
    OP *	op_first;
};

struct binop {
    BASEOP
    OP *	op_first;
    OP *	op_last;
};

struct logop {
    BASEOP
    OP *	op_first;
    OP *	op_other;
};

struct listop {
    BASEOP
    OP *	op_first;
    OP *	op_last;
};

struct pmop {
    BASEOP
    OP *	op_first;
    OP *	op_last;
#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
    IV          op_pmoffset;
#else
    REGEXP *    op_pmregexp;            /* compiled expression */
#endif
    U32         op_pmflags;
    union {
	OP *	op_pmreplroot;		/* For OP_SUBST */
#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
	PADOFFSET  op_pmtargetoff;	/* For OP_PUSHRE */
#else
	GV *	op_pmtargetgv;
#endif
    }	op_pmreplrootu;
    union {
	OP *	op_pmreplstart;	/* Only used in OP_SUBST */
#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
	char *	op_pmstashpv;	/* Only used in OP_MATCH, with PMf_ONCE set */
#else
	HV *	op_pmstash;
#endif
    }		op_pmstashstartu;
};

#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
#define PM_GETRE(o)     (INT2PTR(REGEXP*,SvIVX(PL_regex_pad[(o)->op_pmoffset])))
#define PM_SETRE(o,r)   STMT_START { \
                            SV* const sv = PL_regex_pad[(o)->op_pmoffset]; \
                            sv_setiv(sv, PTR2IV(r)); \
                        } STMT_END
#define PM_GETRE_SAFE(o) (PL_regex_pad ? PM_GETRE(o) : (REGEXP*)0)
#define PM_SETRE_SAFE(o,r) if (PL_regex_pad) PM_SETRE(o,r)
#else
#define PM_GETRE(o)     ((o)->op_pmregexp)
#define PM_SETRE(o,r)   ((o)->op_pmregexp = (r))
#define PM_GETRE_SAFE PM_GETRE
#define PM_SETRE_SAFE PM_SETRE
#endif


#define PMf_RETAINT	0x0001		/* taint $1 etc. if target tainted */
#define PMf_ONCE	0x0002		/* match successfully only once per
                                           reset, with related flag RXf_USED
                                           in re->extflags holding state.
					   This is used only for ?? matches,
					   and only on OP_MATCH and OP_QR */

#define PMf_UNUSED	0x0004		/* free for use */
#define PMf_MAYBE_CONST	0x0008		/* replacement contains variables */

#define PMf_USED        0x0010          /* PMf_ONCE has matched successfully.
                                           Not used under threading. */

#define PMf_CONST	0x0040		/* subst replacement is constant */
#define PMf_KEEP	0x0080		/* keep 1st runtime pattern forever */
#define PMf_GLOBAL	0x0100		/* pattern had a g modifier */
#define PMf_CONTINUE	0x0200		/* don't reset pos() if //g fails */