install.pod

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=head1 NAME

INSTALL - How to install and configure DBD::mysql


=head1 SYNOPSIS

  perl Makefile.PL [options]
  make
  make test
  make install


=head1 DESCRIPTION

This document describes the installation and configuration of
DBD::mysql, the Perl DBI driver for the MySQL database. Before
reading on, make sure that you have the prerequisites available:
Perl, MySQL and DBI. For details see the separate section.
L</PREREQUISITES>.

Depending on your version of Perl, it might be possible to
use a binary distribution of DBD::mysql. If possible, this is
recommended. Otherwise you need to install from the sources.
If so, you will definitely need a C compiler. Installation
from binaries and sources are both described in separate
sections. L<BINARY INSTALLATION>. L<SOURCE INSTALLATION>.

Finally, if you encounter any problems, do not forget to
read the section on known problems. L<KNOWN PROBLEMS>. If
that doesn't help, you should look into the archive of the
mailing list B<[e-mail]>. See
http://www.mysql.com for archive locations. And if that
still doesn't help, please post a question on this mailing
list.


=head1 PREREQUISITES

=over

=item Perl

Preferrably a version of Perl, that comes preconfigured with
your system. For example, all Linux and FreeBSD distributions
come with Perl. For Windows, ActivePerl is recommended, see
http://www.activestate.com for details.

=item MySQL

You need not install the actual MySQL database server, the
client files and the devlopment files are sufficient. For
example, Fedora Core 4 Linux distribution comes with RPM files
(using YUM) B<mysql.i386> and B<mysql-server.i386> (use "yum search" 
to find exact package names). These are sufficient, if the MySQL 
server is located on a foreign machine.  You may also create client
files by compiling from the MySQL source distribution and using

  configure --without-server

If you are using Windows and need to compile from sources
(which is only the case if you are not using ActivePerl),
then you must ensure that the header and library files are
installed. This may require choosing a "Custom installation"
and selecting the appropriate option when running the
MySQL setup program.

=item DBI

DBD::mysql is a DBI driver, hence you need DBI. It is available
from the same source where you got the DBD::mysql distribution
from.

=item C compiler

A C compiler is only required, if you install from source. In
most cases there are binary distributions of DBD::mysql
available. However, if you need a C compiler, make sure, that
it is the same C compiler that was used for compiling Perl and
MySQL! Otherwise you will almost definitely encounter problems
because of differences in the underlying C runtime libraries.

In the worst case, this might mean to compile Perl and MySQL
yourself. But believe me, experience shows that a lot of problems
are fixed this way.

=item Gzip libraries

Late versions of MySQL come with support for compression. Thus
it B<may> be required that you have install an RPM package like
libz-devel, libgz-devel or something similar.

=back


=head1 BINARY INSTALLATION

Binary installation is possible in the most cases, depending
on your system. I give some examples:


=head2 Windows

ActivePerl offers a PPM archive of DBD::mysql. All you need to
do is typing

  ppm
  install DBI
  install DBD-mysql

This will fetch the modules via HTTP and install them. If you
need to use a WWW proxy server, the environment variable
HTTP_proxy must be set:

  set HTTP_proxy=http://my.proxy.server:8000/
  ppm
  install DBI
  install DBD-mysql

Of course you need to replace the host name C<my.proxy.server>
and the port number C<8000> with your local values.

If the above procedure doesn't work, please upgrade to the latest
version of ActivePerl. Versions before build 623 are known to
have problems.

PPM 3 is said to miss DBD::mysql in the repository. Thus use of
PPM 3 is discouraged, in favour of PPM 2. If you need to use
PPM 3, try

  ppm
  rep add PPM2 http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/5.6plus/
  rep 2
  install DBI
  install DBD-mysql



=head2 Red Hat Linux

As of version 7.1, Red Hat Linux comes with MySQL and DBD::mysql.
You need to ensure that the following RPM's are installed:

  mysql
  perl-DBI
  perl-DBD-MySQL

For installation from source the following RPM's are required

  mysql-devel
  libz-devel

Optional are

  mysql-server

=head2 Fedora Core Linux

As of version 3, Fedora Linux comes with MySQL and DBD::mysql.
You need to ensure that the following RPM's are installed:

  mysql or mysql-server
  perl-DBD-MySQL

For installation from source the following RPM's are required

  mysql-devel
  libz-devel

Please try 

  yum search mysql

To see the exact names

Note: (important) FC 3 comes with MySQL 3.x, and some people have
upgraded using MySQL RPMs for newer versions. If you do this, you 
must re-compile you DBD::mysql because your existing DBD::mysql will be
linked against the old version of MySQL's client libs. CPAN has no way to
know or detect that you have upgraded MySQL.

=head2 Other systems

In the case of Linux or FreeBSD distributions it is very likely
that all you need comes with your distribution, as in the case
of Red Hat Linux. I just cannot give you names, as I am not using
these systems.

Please let me know if you find the files in your SuSE Linux, Debian
Linux or FreeBSD distribution so that I can extend the above list.


=head1 SOURCE INSTALLATION

So you need to install from sources. If you are lucky, the Perl
module C<CPAN> will do all for you, thanks to the excellent work
of Andreas Koenig. Otherwise you will need to do a manual
installation. Some of you, in particular system administrators
of multiple sites, will choose automatic installation. All of
these installation types have an own section. L</CPAN installation>.
L</Manual installation>. L</Configuration>.

The DBD::mysql Makefile.PL needs to know where to find your MySQL
installation. This may be achieved using command line switches
(see L</Configuration>) or automatically using the mysql_config binary
which comes with most MySQL distributions. If your MySQL distribution
contains mysql_config the easiest method is to ensure this binary
is on your path.
 
e.g.

  PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
  export PATH


=head2 CPAN installation

Installation of DBD::mysql can be incredibly easy:

  cpan
  install DBD::mysql

If you are using the CPAN module for the first time, just answer
the questions by accepting the defaults which are fine in most
cases. If you are using an older version of Perl, you might
instead need a

  perl -MCPAN -e shell
  install DBD::mysql

If you cannot get the CPAN module working, you might try manual
installation. If installation with CPAN fails because the your local
settings have been guessed wrong, you need to ensure MySQL's
mysql_config is on your path (see L</SOURCE INSTALLATION>) or
alternatively create a script called C<mysql_config>. This is
described in more details later. L</Configuration>.


=head2 Manual installation

For a manual installation you need to fetch the DBD::mysql
source distribution. The latest version is always available
from

  http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/DBD/

The name is typically something like

  DBD-mysql-1.2216.tar.gz

The archive needs to be extracted. On Windows you may use a tool
like WinZip, on Unix you type

  gzip -cd DBD-mysql-1.2216.tar.gz | tar xf -

This will create a subdirectory DBD-mysql-1.2216. Enter this
subdirectory and type

  perl Makefile.PL
  make
  make test

(On Windows you may need to replace "make" with "nmake" or
"dmake".) If the tests seem to look fine, you may continue with

  make install

If the compilation (make) or tests fail, you might need to
configure some settings.

For example you might choose a different database, the C
compiler or the linker might need some flags. L</Configuration>.
L</Compiler flags>. L</Linker flags>.

For Windows/CygWin there is a special section below.
L<Windows/CygWin>.
 

=head2 Configuration

The install script "Makefile.PL" can be configured via a lot of
switches. All switches can be used on the command line. For
example, the test database:

  perl Makefile.PL --testdb=<db>

If you do not like configuring these switches on the command
line, you may alternatively create a script called C<mysql_config>.
This is described later on.

Available switches are:

=over

=item testdb

Name of the test database, defaults to B<test>.

=item testuser

Name of the test user, defaults to empty. If the name is empty,
then the currently logged in users name will be used.

=item testpassword

Password of the test user, defaults to empty.

=item testhost

Host name or IP number of the test database; defaults to localhost.

=item testport

Port number of the test database

=item ps-protcol=1 or 0

Whether to run the test suite using server prepared statements or driver
emulated prepared statemetns. ps-protocol=1 means use server prepare,
ps-protocol=0 means driver emulated.

=item cflags

This is a list of flags that you want to give to the C compiler.
The most important flag is the location of the MySQL header files.
For example, on Red Hat Linux the header files are in /usr/include/mysql
and you might try

  -I/usr/include/mysql

On Windows the header files may be in C:\mysql\include and you might try

  -IC:\mysql\include

The default flags are determined by running

  mysql_config --cflags

More details on the C compiler flags can be found in the following
section. L</Compiler flags>.

=item libs

This is a list of flags that you want to give to the linker
or loader. The most important flags are the locations and names
of additional libraries. For example, on Red Hat Linux your
MySQL client libraries are in /usr/lib/mysql and you might try

  -L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz

On Windows the libraries may be in C:\mysql\lib and

  -LC:\mysql\lib -lmysqlclient

might be a good choice. The default flags are determined by running

  mysql_config --libs

More details on the linker flags can be found in a separate section.
L<Linker flags>.

=back

If a switch is not present on the command line, then the
script C<mysql_config> will be executed. This script comes
as part of the MySQL distribution. For example, to determine
the C compiler flags, we are executing

  mysql_config --cflags
  mysql_config --libs

If you want to configure your own settings for database name,
database user and so on, then you have to create a script with
the same name, that replies

  
=head2 Compiler flags

Note: the folling info about compiler and linker flags, you shouldn't have
to use these options because Makefile.PL is pretty good at utilising
mysql_config to get the flags that you need for a successful compile.

It is typically not so difficult to determine the appropriate
flags for the C compiler. The linker flags, which you find in
the next section, are another story.

The determination of the C compiler flags is usually left to
a configuration script called F<mysql_config>, which can be
invoked with

  mysql_config --cflags

When doing so, it will emit a line with suggested C compiler
flags, for example like this:

  -L/usr/include/mysql

The C compiler must find some header files. Header files have
the extension C<.h>. MySQL header files are, for example,
F<mysql.h> and F<mysql_version.h>. In most cases the header
files are not installed by default. For example, on Windows