gatbxa2.ps

CARP(有向多中国邮递员问题）的遗传算法解法

4.03 (scale\050i\051 = 0) 365.25 722.95 P
3 F
1.68 ( for arithmetic) 459.67 722.95 P
(scaling and) 135.65 708.95 T
2 F
(scale\050i\051 = 1) 192.94 708.95 T
3 F
( for logarithmic scaling.) 279.29 708.95 T
2 F
0.93 (lbin) 135.65 682.95 P
3 F
0.39 ( and) 164.43 682.95 P
2 F
0.93 (ubin) 188.52 682.95 P
3 F
0.39 ( are binary row vectors indicating whether or not to include each) 217.3 682.95 P
2.86 (bound in the representation range. Select) 135.65 668.95 P
2 F
6.86 ({l|u}bin\050i\051 = 0) 351.65 668.95 P
3 F
2.86 ( to exclude) 473.3 668.95 P
2 F
0.9 ({l|u}b\050i\051) 135.65 654.95 P
3 F
0.38 ( from the representation range and) 200.41 654.95 P
2 F
0.9 ({l|u}bin\050i\051 = 1) 370.52 654.95 P
3 F
0.38 ( to include) 480.26 654.95 P
2 F
({l|u}b\050i\051) 135.65 640.95 T
3 F
( in the representation range.) 200.41 640.95 T
1 16 Q
(Example) 117.65 612.29 T
3 12 Q
2.8 (Consider the following binary population, created using the) 135.65 594.95 P
2 F
6.73 (crtbp) 446.89 594.95 P
3 F
2.8 ( function,) 482.87 594.95 P
2.25 (representing a set of single decision variables in the range [-1, 10]. The code) 135.65 580.95 P
1.74 (extract shows how the function) 135.65 566.95 P
2 F
4.17 (bs2rv) 297.24 566.95 P
3 F
1.74 ( may be used to convert the Gray code) 333.22 566.95 P
(binary representation to real-valued phenotypes using arithmetic scaling.) 135.65 552.95 T
2 F
(Chrom = crtbp\0504,8\051 % create random chromosomes) 135.65 532.95 T
(Chrom =) 135.65 512.95 T
(0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1) 153.65 498.95 T
(1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1) 153.65 484.95 T
(0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0) 153.65 470.95 T
(1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1) 153.65 456.95 T
(FieldD = [8; -1; 10; 1; 0; 1; 1]; % representation) 135.65 436.95 T
(Phen = bs2rv\050Chrom,FieldD\051 % convert binary to real) 135.65 416.95 T
(Phen =) 135.65 396.95 T
(-0.7843) 153.65 382.95 T
(9.3961) 160.84 368.95 T
(1.0706) 160.84 354.95 T
(5.2980) 160.84 340.95 T
1 16 Q
(Algorithm) 117.65 318.29 T
2 12 Q
2.04 (bs2rv) 135.65 300.95 P
3 F
0.85 ( is implemented as an m-\336le in the GA T) 171.63 300.95 P
0.85 (oolbox. If logarithmic scaling is) 374.67 300.95 P
(used then the range must not include zero.) 135.65 286.95 T
1 16 Q
(Refer) 117.65 258.29 T
(ence) 155.53 258.29 T
3 12 Q
1.8 ([1] R. B. Holstien,) 135.65 240.95 P
0 F
1.8 (Arti\336cial Genetic Adaptation in Computer Contr) 234.46 240.95 P
1.8 (ol Systems) 476.55 240.95 P
3 F
1.8 (,) 528.65 240.95 P
0.7 (Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer and Communication Sciences, University) 135.65 226.95 P
(of Michigan, Ann Arbor) 135.65 212.95 T
(, 1971.) 252.42 212.95 T
0.67 ([2] R. A. Caruana and J. D. Schaf) 135.65 186.95 P
0.67 (fer) 301.64 186.95 P
0.67 (, \322Representation and Hidden Bias: Gray vs.) 314.47 186.95 P
(Binary Coding\323,) 135.65 172.95 T
0 F
(Pr) 217.93 172.95 T
(oc. 6) 229.48 172.95 T
260.58 176.79 252.8 176.79 2 L
V
0.48 H
0 Z
N
0 10 Q
(th) 252.8 177.75 T
0 12 Q
( Int. Conf. Machine Learning) 260.58 172.95 T
3 F
(, pp153-161, 1988.) 401.16 172.95 T
2.14 ([3] W) 135.65 146.95 P
2.14 (. E. Schmitendor) 164.99 146.95 P
2.14 (gf, O. Shaw) 249.67 146.95 P
2.14 (, R. Benson and S. Forrest, \322Using Genetic) 310.46 146.95 P
3.22 (Algorithms for Controller Design: Simultaneous Stabilization and Eigenvalue) 135.65 132.95 P
0.9 (Placement in a Region\323,) 135.65 118.95 P
0 F
0.9 (T) 258.84 118.95 P
0.9 (echnical Report No. CS92-9) 264.41 118.95 P
3 F
0.9 (, Dept. Computer Science,) 402.36 118.95 P
(College of Engineering, University of New Mexico, 1992.) 135.65 104.95 T
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(Genetic Algorithm Toolbox User\325s Guide) 63.65 61.61 T
(2-7) 518.33 61.29 T
63.65 716.95 531.65 726.95 C
63.65 725.95 531.65 725.95 2 L
1 H
2 Z
0 X
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N
-8.35 24.95 603.65 816.95 C
1 18 Q
0 X
0 K
(crtbase) 63.65 732.95 T
1 16 Q
(Purpose) 117.65 692.29 T
3 12 Q
(Create a base vector) 135.65 674.95 T
(.) 231.9 674.95 T
1 16 Q
(Synopsis) 117.65 646.29 T
2 12 Q
(BaseVec = crtbase\050Lind, Base\051) 135.65 628.95 T
1 16 Q
(Description) 117.65 606.29 T
2 12 Q
0.66 (crtbase) 135.65 588.95 P
3 F
0.27 ( produces a vector whose elements correspond to the base of the loci of) 186.02 588.95 P
1.48 (a chromosome structure. This function can be used in conjunction with) 135.65 574.95 P
2 F
3.55 (crtbp) 495.67 574.95 P
3 F
(when creating populations using representations in dif) 135.65 560.95 T
(ferent bases.) 395.26 560.95 T
2 F
-0.28 (BaseVec = crtbase\050Lind, Base\051) 135.65 534.95 P
3 F
-0.12 ( creates a vector of length) 343.49 534.95 P
2 F
-0.28 (Lind) 469.34 534.95 P
3 F
-0.12 ( whose) 498.12 534.95 P
8.25 (individual elements are of base) 135.65 520.95 P
2 F
19.8 (Base) 329.13 520.95 P
3 F
8.25 (. If) 357.91 520.95 P
2 F
19.8 (Lind) 391.4 520.95 P
3 F
8.25 ( is a vector) 420.18 520.95 P
8.25 (, then) 496.75 520.95 P
2 F
13.9 (length\050BaseVec\051 = sum\050Lind\051) 135.65 506.95 P
3 F
5.79 (. If) 357.74 506.95 P
2 F
13.9 (Base) 386.31 506.95 P
3 F
5.79 ( is also a vector of) 415.09 506.95 P
2 F
7.3 (length\050Lind\051) 135.65 492.95 P
3 F
3.04 (, then) 222 492.95 P
2 F
7.3 (BaseVec) 257.73 492.95 P
3 F
3.04 ( is composed of groups of bases of length) 308.11 492.95 P
1.43 (determined by the elements of) 135.65 478.95 P
2 F
3.44 (Lind) 291.04 478.95 P
3 F
1.43 ( and base) 319.83 478.95 P
2 F
3.44 (Base) 371.76 478.95 P
3 F
1.43 (. This last option is useful) 400.54 478.95 P
(when describing populations with structure.) 135.65 464.95 T
1 16 Q
(Example) 117.65 436.29 T
3 12 Q
0.03 (T) 135.65 418.95 P
0.03 (o create a basevector for a population containing four elements in base 8 and \336ve) 142.14 418.95 P
(elements in base four:) 135.65 404.95 T
2 F
(BaseV = crtbase\050[4 5], [8 4]\051) 135.65 384.95 T
(BaseV =) 135.65 364.95 T
(8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 4) 153.65 350.95 T
1 16 Q
(See Also) 117.65 328.29 T
2 12 Q
(crtbp) 135.65 310.95 T
3 F
(,) 171.63 310.95 T
2 F
(bs2rv) 177.62 310.95 T
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(Genetic Algorithm Toolbox User\325s Guide) 63.65 61.61 T
(2-8) 518.33 61.29 T
63.65 716.95 531.65 726.95 C
63.65 725.95 531.65 725.95 2 L
1 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
-8.35 24.95 603.65 816.95 C
1 18 Q
0 X
0 K
(crtbp) 63.65 732.95 T
1 16 Q
(Purpose) 117.65 692.29 T
3 12 Q
(Create an initial population.) 135.65 674.95 T
1 16 Q
(Synopsis) 117.65 646.29 T
2 12 Q
([Chrom, Lind, BaseV] = crtbp\050Nind, Lind\051) 135.65 628.95 T
([Chrom, Lind, BaseV] = crtbp\050Nind, Lind, Base\051) 135.65 608.95 T
([Chrom, Lind, BaseV] = crtbp\050Nind, BaseV\051) 135.65 588.95 T
1 16 Q
(Description) 117.65 566.29 T
3 12 Q
0.45 (The \336rst step in a genetic algorithm is to create an initial population consisting of) 135.65 548.95 P
2.57 (random chromosomes.) 135.65 534.95 P
2 F
6.18 (crtbp) 253.05 534.95 P
3 F
2.57 ( produces a matrix,) 289.03 534.95 P
2 F
6.18 (Chrom) 394.25 534.95 P
3 F
2.57 (, containing random) 430.23 534.95 P
(values in its elements.) 135.65 520.95 T
2 F
4.94 (Chrom = crtbp\050Nind, Lind\051) 135.65 494.95 P
3 F
2.06 ( creates a random binary matrix of size) 330.38 494.95 P
-0.26 (, where) 212.04 480.95 P
2 F
-0.64 (Nind) 249.8 480.95 P
3 F
-0.26 ( speci\336es the number of individuals in the population) 278.58 480.95 P
8.37 (and) 135.65 466.95 P
2 F
20.1 (Lind) 164.34 466.95 P
3 F
8.37 ( the length of the individuals. Additionally) 193.12 466.95 P
8.37 (,) 446.81 466.95 P
2 F
20.1 (Chrom =) 461.18 466.95 P
9.35 (crtbp\050[Nind, Lind]\051) 135.65 452.95 P
3 F
3.9 ( can be used to specify the dimensions of the) 281.73 452.95 P
(chromosome matrix.) 135.65 438.95 T
2 F
0.99 (Chrom = crtbp\050Nind, Lind, Base\051) 135.65 412.95 P
3 F
0.41 ( produces a chromosome matrix of) 362.7 412.95 P
-0.27 (base) 135.65 398.95 P
2 F
-0.64 (Base) 159.69 398.95 P
3 F
-0.27 (. If) 188.48 398.95 P
2 F
-0.64 (Base) 204.92 398.95 P
3 F
-0.27 ( is a vector) 233.71 398.95 P
-0.27 (, then the value of the elements of) 284.71 398.95 P
2 F
-0.64 (Base) 448.11 398.95 P
3 F
-0.27 ( specify the) 476.89 398.95 P
2.26 (base of the loci of the chromosomes. In this case, the second right hand side) 135.65 384.95 P
(ar) 135.65 370.95 T
(gument may be omitted,) 144.75 370.95 T
2 F
(Chrom = crtbp\050Nind, BaseV\051) 264.35 370.95 T
3 F
(.) 451.45 370.95 T
2 F
3.95 ([Chrom, Lind, BaseV] = crtbp\050Nind, BaseV\051) 135.65 344.95 P
3 F
1.65 ( also returns the) 450.43 344.95 P
-0.27 (length of the chromosome structure,) 135.65 330.95 P
2 F
-0.65 (Lind) 310.83 330.95 P
3 F
-0.27 (, and the base of the chromosome loci in) 339.62 330.95 P
(the vector) 135.65 316.95 T
2 F
(BaseV) 186.27 316.95 T
3 F
(.) 220.71 316.95 T
1 16 Q
(Example) 117.65 288.29 T
3 12 Q
0.05 (T) 135.65 270.95 P
0.05 (o create a random population of 6 individuals of length 8 where the \336rst four loci) 142.14 270.95 P
(are base eight and the last \336ve loci are base four:) 135.65 256.95 T
2 F
(BaseV = crtbase\050[4 5], [8 4]\051) 135.65 236.95 T
(Chrom = crtbp\0506, BaseV\051) 135.65 216.95 T
3 F
(or) 135.65 196.95 T
2 F
(Chrom = crtbp\050[6,8],[8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 4]\051) 135.65 176.95 T
135.65 477.47 212.04 489.94 C
2 12 Q
0 X
0 K
(N) 136.65 480.95 T
(i) 144.55 480.95 T
(n) 152.45 480.95 T
(d) 160.35 480.95 T
(L) 180.13 480.95 T
(i) 188.04 480.95 T
(n) 195.94 480.95 T
(d) 203.84 480.95 T
4 F
(\264) 170.55 480.95 T
-8.35 24.95 603.65 816.95 C
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595.3 841.9 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 10 Q
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(Genetic Algorithm Toolbox User\325s Guide) 63.65 61.61 T
(2-9) 518.33 61.29 T
2 12 Q
(Chrom =) 135.65 736.95 T
(4 3 1 1 2 0 2 0 3) 153.65 722.95 T
(1 4 7 5 2 1 1 1 0) 153.65 708.95 T
(1 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 2) 153.65 694.95 T
(1 5 5 7 2 0 2 3 1) 153.65 680.95 T
(4 5 7 7 0 1 3 0 3) 153.65 666.95 T
(4 2 4 0 3 3 1 1 0) 153.65 652.95 T
1 16 Q
(Algorithm) 117.65 630.29 T
2 12 Q
(crtbp) 135.65 612.95 T
3 F
( is an m-\336le in the GA T) 171.63 612.95 T
(oolbox that uses the M) 288.38 612.95 T
3 10 Q
(A) 397.66 612.95 T
(TLAB) 403.76 612.95 T
3 12 Q
( function) 429.86 612.95 T
2 F
(rand) 475.83 612.95 T
3 F
(.) 504.61 612.95 T
1 16 Q
(See Also) 117.65 584.29 T
2 12 Q
(crtbase) 135.65 566.95 T
3 F
(,) 186.02 566.95 T
2 F
(crtrp) 192.02 566.95 T
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595.3 841.9 0 FMBEGINPAGE
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(Genetic Algorithm Toolbox User\325s Guide) 63.65 61.61 T
(2-10) 513.33 61.29 T
63.65 716.95 531.65 726.95 C
63.65 725.95 531.65 725.95 2 L
1 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
-8.35 24.95 603.65 816.95 C
1 18 Q
0 X
0 K
(crtrp) 63.65 732.95 T
1 16 Q
(Purpose) 117.65 692.29 T
3 12 Q
(Create a real-valued initial population) 135.65 674.95 T
1 16 Q
(Synopsis) 117.65 646.29 T
2 12 Q
(Chrom = crtrp\050Nind, FieldDR\051) 135.65 628.95 T
1 16 Q
(Description) 117.65 606.29 T
3 12 Q
0.45 (The \336rst step in a genetic algorithm is to create an initial population consisting of) 135.65 588.95 P
2.82 (random individuals.) 135.65 574.95 P
2 F
6.77 (crtrp) 240.23 574.95 P
3 F
2.82 ( produces a matrix,) 276.21 574.95 P
2 F
6.77 (Chrom) 382.42 574.95 P
3 F
2.82 (, containing uniformly) 418.4 574.95 P
(distributed random values in its elements.) 135.65 560.95 T
2 F
2.4 (Chrom = crtrp\050Nind, FiedDR\051) 135.65 534.95 P
3 F
1 ( creates a random real-valued matrix of) 337.14 534.95 P
3 (size) 135.65 520.95 P
3 (, where) 236.68 520.95 P
2 F
7.2 (Nind) 280.98 520.95 P
3 F
3 ( speci\336es the number of individuals in the) 309.77 520.95 P
0.14 (population and) 135.65 506.95 P
2 F
0.33 (Nvar) 210.55 506.95 P
3 F
0.14 ( the number of variables of each individual.) 239.33 506.95 P
2 F
0.33 (Nvar) 452.62 506.95 P
3 F
0.14 ( is derived) 481.4 506.95 P
(from) 135.65 492.95 T
2 F
(FieldDR) 161.96 492.95 T
3 F
( with) 212.33 492.95 T
2 F
(Nvar = size\050FieldDR,2\051) 239.65 492.95 T
3 F
(.) 397.97 492.95 T
2 F
0 (FieldDR) 135.65 466.95 P
3 F
0 ( \050FieldDescriptionRealvalue\051 is a matrix of size) 186.02 466.95 P
0 ( and contains) 468.35 466.95 P
0.64 (the boundaries of each variable of an individual. The \336rst row contains the lower) 135.65 452.95 P
(bounds, the second row the upper bounds.) 135.65 438.95 T
2 F
(FieldDR) 135.65 412.95 T
3 F
( is used in other functions \050mutation\051.) 186.02 412.95 T
1 16 Q
(Example) 117.65 384.29 T
3 12 Q
(T) 135.65 366.95 T
(o create a random population of 6 individuals with 4 variables each:) 142.14 366.95 T
(De\336ne boundaries on the variables,) 135.65 346.95 T
2 F
(FieldDR = [) 135.65 326.95 T
(-100 -50 -30 -20;) 153.65 312.95 T
( % lower bound) 283.18 312.95 T
( 100) 153.65 298.95 T
(50) 196.82 298.95 T
(30) 225.61 298.95 T
(20]; % upper bound) 254.39 298.95 T
3 F
(Create initial population) 135.65 278.95 T
2 F
(Chrom = crtrp\0506, FieldDR\051) 135.65 258.95 T
(Chrom =) 135.65 238.95 T
(40.23 -17.17) 168.04 224.95 T
(28.95) 268.79 224.95 T
(15.38) 319.16 224.95 T
(82.06) 168.04 210.95 T
(13.26) 218.41 210.95 T
(13.35) 268.79 210.95 T
(-9.09) 319.16 210.95 T
(52.43) 168.04 196.95 T
(25.64) 218.41 196.95 T
(15.20) 268.79 196.95 T
(-2.54) 319.16 196.95 T
( -47.50) 153.65 182.95 T
( 49.10) 211.22 182.95 T
( 9.09) 268.79 182.95 T
(10.65) 319.16 182.95 T
( -90.50 -13.46 -25.63) 153.65 168.95 T
(-0.89) 319.16 168.95 T
(47.21 -25.29) 168.04 154.95 T
( 7.89 -10.48) 268.79 154.95 T
1 16 Q
(See Also) 117.65 132.29 T
2 12 Q
(mutbga) 138.65 114.95 T
3 F
(,) 181.82 114.95 T
2 F
(recdis) 187.82 114.95 T
3 F
(,) 231 114.95 T
2 F
(recint) 236.99 114.95 T
3 F
(,) 280.17 114.95 T
2 F
(reclin) 286.17 114.95 T
160.3 517.47 236.68 529.94 C
2 12 Q
0 X
0 K
(N) 161.3 520.95 T
(i) 169.2 520.95 T
(n) 177.1 520.95 T
(d) 185 520.95 T