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                         Commands Reference, Volume 6

vi or vedit Command

Purpose

Edits files with a full-screen display.

Syntax

{ vi | vedit } [ -l ] [ -R ] [ -tTag ] [ -v ] [ -wNumber] [ -yNumber ] [ -r [
File ] ] [{ + | -c } { Subcommand } ] [ File ... ]

Description

The vi command starts a full-screen editor based on the underlying ex editor.
Therefore, ex subcommands can be used within the vi editor. The vedit command
starts a version of the vi editor intended for beginners. In the vedit editor,
the report option is set to 1, the showmode option is set, and the novice option
is set, making it a line editor.

You start the vi editor by specifying the name of the file or files to be
edited. If you supply more than one File parameter on the command line, the vi
editor edits each file in the specified order. The vi editor on an existing file
displays the name of the file, the number of lines, and the number of characters
at the bottom of the screen. In case of multibyte locales the number of
characters need to be interpreted as the number of bytes.

Since the vi editor is a full-screen editor, you can edit text on a
screen-by-screen basis. The vi editor makes a copy of the file you are editing
in an edit buffer, and the contents of the file are not changed until you save
the changes. The position of the cursor on the display screen indicates its
position within the file, and the subcommands affect the file at the cursor
position.

vi Editor Limitations

The following list provides the maximum limits of the vi editor. These counts
assume single-byte characters.

  o {LINE_MAX} characters per line
  o 256 characters per global command list
  o 128 characters in the previously inserted and deleted text
  o 128 characters in a shell escape command
  o 128 characters in a string-valued option
  o 30 characters in a tag name
  o 128 map macros with 2048 characters total
  o 1,048,560 lines of {LINE_MAX} characters per line silently enforced
  o The macro name and the macro text are limited to 100 characters.

Note Running the vi editor on a file larger than 64MB may cause the following
error message to display:
0602-103 file too large to place in /tmp

vi Editing Modes

The vi editor operates in the following modes:

command mode When you start the vi editor, it is in command mode. You can enter
any subcommand except those designated for use only in the text input mode. The
vi editor returns to command mode when subcommands and other modes end. Press
the Esc key to cancel a subcommand.

text-input mode You use the vi editor in this mode to add text. Enter text input
mode with any of the following subcommands: the a subcommand, A subcommand, i
subcommand, I subcommand, o subcommand, O subcommand, cx subcommands (where the
x represents the scope of the subcommand), C subcommand, s subcommand, S
subcommand, and R subcommand. After entering one of these subcommands, you can
enter text into the editing buffer. To return to command mode, press the Esc key
for normal exit or press Interrupt (the Ctrl-C key sequence) to end abnormally.

last-line mode Subcommands with the prefix : (colon), / (slash), ? (question
mark), ! (exclamation point), or !! (two exclamation points) read input on a
line displayed at the bottom of the screen. When you enter the initial
character, the vi editor places the cursor at the bottom of the screen, where
you enter the remaining characters of the command. Press the Enter key to run
the subcommand, or press Interrupt (the Ctrl-C key sequence) to cancel it. When
the !! prefix is used, the cursor moves only after both exclamation points are
entered. When you use the : prefix to enter the last-line mode, the vi editor
gives special meaning to the following characters when they are used before
commands that specify counts:

%
  All lines regardless of cursor position
$
  Last line
.
  Current line

Customizing the vi Editor

You can customize the vi editor by:

  o Setting vi editor options
  o Defining macros
  o Mapping keys
  o Setting abbreviations

Setting vi Editor Options

The following list describes the vi editor options you can change with the set
command. The default setting for these options is off. If you turn on one of
these toggle options, you can turn it off again by entering the word no before
the option. If you want to discontinue the autowrite vi option, enter noaw,
where no turns off the option and aw specifies the autowrite option. Note Do not
include parentheses when entering vi options.

vi Option (Abbreviation) Description

autoindent (ai) Indents automatically in text input mode to the indentation of
the previous line by using the spacing between tab stops specified by the
shiftwidth option. The default is noai. To back the cursor up to the previous
tab stop, press the Ctrl-D key sequence. This option is not in effect for global
commands.

autoprin (ap) Prints the current line after any command that changes the editing
buffer. The default is ap. This option applies only to the last command in a
sequence of commands on a single line and is not in effect for global commands.

autowrite (aw) Writes the editing buffer to the file automatically before the :n
subcommand, the :ta subcommand, the Ctrl-A key sequence, and the ! subcommand if
the editing buffer changed since the last write subcommand. The default is noaw.

beautifying text (bf) Prevents the user from entering control characters in the
editing buffer during text entry (except for tab, new-line, and form-feed
indicators). The default is nobf. This option applies to command input.

closepunct (cp=) Handles a list of closing punctuation, especially when wrapping
text (wraptype option). Precedes multicharacter punctuation with the number of
characters; for example, cp=3..;)}. The vi command does not split closing
punctuation when wrapping.

directory (dir=) Displays the directory that contains the editing buffer. The
default is dir = /var/tmp.

edcompatible (ed) Retains g (global) and c (confirm) subcommand suffixes during
multiple substitutions and causes the r (read) suffix to work like the r
subcommand. The default is noed.

exrc (exrc) If not set, ignores any .exrc file in the current directory during
initialization, unless the current directory is that named by the HOME
environment variable. The default is noexrc.

hardtabs (ht=) Tells the vi editor the distance between the hardware tab stops
on your display screen. (This option must match the tab setting of the
underlying terminal or terminal emulator.) The default is ht=8.

ignorecase (ic) Ignores distinction between uppercase and lowercase while
searching for regular expressions. The default is noic.

linelimit (ll=) Sets the maximum number of lines, as per the -y command-line
option. This option only is effective if used with the .exrc file or the EXINIT
environment variable.

lisp (lisp) Removes the special meaning of ( ), { }, [ [, and ] ] and enables
the = (formatted print) operator for s-expressions, so you can edit list
processing (LISP) programs. The default is nolisp.

list (list) Displays text with tabs (^I) and the marked end of lines ($). The
default is nolist.

magic (magic) Treats the . (period), [ (left bracket), and * (asterisk)
characters as special characters when searching for a pattern. In off mode, only
the ( ) (parentheses) and $ (dollar sign) retain special meanings. However, you
can evoke special meaning in other characters by preceding them with a \
(backslash). The default is magic.

mesg (mesg) Turns on write permission to the terminal if set while in visual
mode. This option only is effective if used with the .exrc file or the EXINIT
environment variable. The default is on.

modeline (modeline) Runs a vi editor command line if found in the first five or
the last five lines of the file. A vi editor command line can be anywhere in a
line. For the vi editor to recognize a command line, the line must contain a
space or a tab followed by the ex: or vi: string. The command line is ended by a
second : (colon). The vi editor tries to interpret any data between the first
and second colon as vi editor commands. The default is nomodeline.

novice Indicates whether you are in novice mode. You cannot change the value by
using the set command.

number (nu) Displays lines prefixed with their line numbers. The default is
nonu.

optimize (opt) Speeds the operation of terminals that lack cursor addressing.
The default is noopt.

paragraphs (para=) Defines vi macro names that start paragraphs. The default is
para=IPLPPPQPP\ LIpplpipnpbp. Single-letter nroff macros, such as the .P macro,
must include the space as a quoted character if respecifying a paragraph.

partialchar (pc=) Appears in the last display column where a double-wide
character would not be displayed completely. The default character is - (minus
sign).

prompt Prompts for a new vi editor command when in command mode by printing a :
(colon). The default is on.

readonly (ro) Sets permanent read-only mode. The default is noreadonly.

redraw (redraw) Simulates a smart workstation on a dumb workstation. The default
is nore.

remap Allows defining macros in terms of other macros. The default is on.

report (re=) Sets the number of times you can repeat a command before a message
is displayed. For subcommands that produce many messages, such as global
subcommands, the messages are displayed when the command sequence completes. The
default is report=5.

scroll (scr=) Sets the number of lines to be scrolled when the user scrolls up
or down. The default is 1/2 of the window size, rounded down.

sections (sect=) Defines vi macro names that start sections. The default is
sect=NHSHHH\ HUuhsh+c. Single-letter nroff macros, such as the .P macro, must
include the space as a quoted character if respecifying a paragraph.

shell (sh=) Defines the shell for the ! subcommand or the :! subcommand. The
default is the login shell.

shiftwidth (sw=) Sets the distance for the software tab stops used by the
autoindent option, the shift commands ( > and < ), and the text input commands (
the Ctrl-D and Ctrl-T key sequences). This vi option only affects the
indentation at the beginning of a line. The default is sw=8.

showmatch (sm) Shows the ( (matching left parenthesis) or { (left bracket) as
you type the ) (right parenthesis) or } (right bracket). The default is nosm.

showmode (smd) Displays a message to indicate when the vi editor is in input
mode. The default is nosmd.

slowopen (slow) Postpones updating the display screen during inserts. The
default is noslow.

tabstop (ts=) Sets the distance between tab stops in a displayed file. The
default is ts=8.

tags (tags =) Defines the search path for the database file of function names
created using the ctags command. The default is tags=tags\ /usr/lib/tags.

term (term=) Sets the type of workstation you are using. The default is
term=$TERM, where $TERM is the value of the TERM shell variable.

terse (terse) Allows the vi editor to display the short form of messages. The
default is noterse.

timeout (to) Sets a time limit of two seconds on an entry of characters. This
limit allows the characters in a macro to be entered and processed as separate
characters when the timeout option is set. To resume use of the macro, set the
notimeout option. The default is to.

ttytype Indicates the tty type for the terminal being used. You cannot change
this value from the vi editor.

warn (warn) Displays a warning message before the ! subcommand executes a shell
command if it is the first time you issued a shell command after changes were
made in the editing buffer but not written to a file. The default is warn.

window (wi=) Sets the number of lines displayed in one window of text. The
default depends on the baud rate at which you are operating: 600 baud or less, 8
lines; 1200 baud, 16 lines; higher speeds, full screen minus 1 line.

wrapmargin (wm=) Sets the margin for automatic word wrapping from one line to
the next. The default is wm=0. A value of 0 turns off word wrapping.

wrapscan (ws) Allows string searches to wrap from the end of the editing buffer
to the beginning. The default is ws.

wraptype (wt=) Indicates the method used to wrap words at the end of a line. The
default value is general. You can specify one of the following four values:

general
  Allows wraps on word breaks as white space between two characters. This
  setting is the default.
word
  Allows wraps on words.
rigid
  Allows wraps on columns and before closing punctuation.
flexible
  Allows wraps on columns, but one character of punctuation can extend past the
  margin.

writeany (wa) Turns off the checks usually made before a write subcommand. The
default is nowa.

To see a list of the vi editor settings that have changed from the default
settings, enter set and press the spacebar. Press the Enter key to return to the
command mode.

To see a complete list of the vi editor settings, enter set all. Press the Enter
key to return to the command mode.

To turn on a vi editor option, enter set Option. This command automatically
returns you to the command mode.

To turn on multiple vi editor options, enter set Option Option Option. This
command turns on the three designated vi editor options and returns you to the
command mode.

To turn off a vi editor option, enter set noOption. This command automatically
returns you to the command mode.

To change the value of a vi editor option, enter set Option=Value. This command
automatically returns you to the command mode.

You can use the :set subcommand of the vi editor to set options for this editing
session only, or to set options for this editing session and all future editing
sessions.

To set or change vi editor options for this editing session only, enter the :set