chapter7.ps

收集了遗传算法、进化计算、神经网络、模糊系统、人工生命、复杂适应系统等相关领域近期的参考论文和研究报告

(7.2.2  Competitive Fitness Functions) 108 556 T
0 F
0.88 (In contrast to standard \336tness functions, a) 126 530 P
2 F
0.88 (competitive \336tness function) 334.71 530 P
0 F
0.88 ( is any method) 467.06 530 P
2.18 (for calculating \336tness that is) 108 512 P
2 F
2.18 (dependent) 257.13 512 P
0 F
2.18 (on the current population to any degree. The) 311.6 512 P
0.96 (dependency can be relatively minimal, such as on a single population member) 108 494 P
0.96 (, or fairly) 493.12 494 P
0.41 (comprehensive in functions that use the entire population to determine a single strategy\325) 108 476 P
0.41 (s) 535.33 476 P
1.19 (\336tness. In essence, competitive \336tness is the original intention behind a \336tness function) 108 458 P
1.64 (since it provides a measure of an individual\325) 108 440 P
1.64 (s ability relative to the current population) 331.64 440 P
(rather than relative to the global optimum.) 108 422 T
1.63 (This following sections describe two previous models of competitive \336tness: a full) 126 392 P
1.76 (population competition described in Axelrod \0501987\051 and a bipartite competitive model) 108 374 P
-0.15 (described in Hillis \0501992\051. How these respective methods address cooperative stable states) 108 356 P
(is also described.) 108 338 T
1 F
(7.2.2.1  Axelr) 108 302 T
(od\325) 175.4 302 T
(s Full Competitive Model) 191.62 302 T
0 F
0.3 (Axelrod \0501987\051 experiments with both an independent and a competitive \336tness func-) 126 276 P
-0.12 (tion to evolve strategies for the Iterated Prisoner) 108 258 P
-0.12 (\325) 339.09 258 P
-0.12 (s Dilemma \050Luce and Raif) 342.43 258 P
-0.12 (fa 1957; Rapa-) 468.96 258 P
0.52 (port 1966; Axelrod 1984\051. For the independent \336tness function, Axelrod uses a weighted) 108 240 P
0.45 (sum of the scores against eight pre-selected strategies, where the weights and representa-) 108 222 P
0.19 (tive strategies were selected on the basis of knowledge gained from previous experiments) 108 204 P
-0.06 (\050Axelrod 1984\051. In the competitive \336tness function, Axelrod \0501987\051 tests every population) 108 186 P
0.11 (member against every other population member) 108 168 P
0.11 (, which presents an adaptive developmen-) 338.25 168 P
0.96 (tal environment for the population. However) 108 150 P
0.96 (, there is no mention in the study about the) 326.83 150 P
0.11 (relative abilities of the evolved strategies. A schematic of the competitive pairings associ-) 108 132 P
0.14 (ated with this method appears in Figure 34a. Assuming the size of the population is) 108 114 P
2 F
0.14 (n) 513.21 114 P
0 F
0.14 (, the) 519.21 114 P
-0.06 (number of competitions executed in a generation is) 108 96 P
2 F
-0.06 (n) 355.97 96 P
0 10 Q
-0.05 (2) 361.97 100.8 P
0 12 Q
-0.06 (. When the task to be solved is quite) 366.96 96 P
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "130" 7
%%Page: "131" 7
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 63 540 702 R
7 X
0 K
V
108 711 540 720 R
V
0 12 Q
0 X
(131) 522.01 712 T
108 90 540 702 R
7 X
V
105.3 89.44 542.7 702 C
4 X
0 K
90 450 5.88 5.58 361.42 317.56 G
0.5 H
2 Z
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 361.42 317.56 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 409.01 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 409.01 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 183.67 513.03 G
0 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 183.67 513.03 A
4 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 183.67 609.2 G
0 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 183.67 609.2 A
4 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 289.61 609.56 G
0 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 289.61 609.56 A
4 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 291.03 513.03 G
0 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 291.03 513.03 A
4 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 149.77 561.11 G
0 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 149.77 561.11 A
4 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 234.52 635.91 G
0 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 234.52 635.91 A
4 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 234.52 486.32 G
0 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 234.52 486.32 A
4 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 319.28 561.11 G
0 X
90 450 5.65 5.34 319.28 561.11 A
234.52 630.57 234.52 491.66 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
155.42 561.11 313.63 561.11 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
234.52 630.57 189.32 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
234.52 630.57 285.38 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
234.52 630.57 189.32 603.85 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
189.32 603.85 155.42 561.11 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
155.42 561.11 189.32 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
189.32 518.38 234.52 491.66 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
234.52 630.57 283.96 604.22 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
283.96 604.22 313.63 561.11 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
234.52 630.57 313.63 561.11 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
234.52 630.57 155.42 561.11 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
313.63 561.11 234.52 491.66 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
313.63 561.11 285.38 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
285.38 518.38 234.52 491.66 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
155.42 561.11 234.52 491.66 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
189.32 603.85 189.32 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
189.32 603.85 285.38 603.85 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
189.32 518.38 285.38 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
285.38 598.51 234.52 491.66 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
289.61 604.22 155.42 561.11 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
289.61 604.22 189.32 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
189.32 603.85 313.63 561.11 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
189.32 603.85 285.38 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
189.32 603.85 234.52 491.66 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
313.63 561.11 189.32 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
155.42 561.11 285.38 518.38 2 L
4 X
V
0 X
N
283.96 604.22 283.96 518.74 2 L
N
6 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 601.1 G
0 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 601.1 A
399.59 601.1 495.7 601.1 2 L
N
198.54 350.62 266.49 350.62 2 L
1 H
N
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 267.03 350.62 G
0.5 H
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 267.03 350.62 A
154.98 317.56 194.18 317.56 2 L
1 H
N
273.45 317.56 310.03 317.56 2 L
N
434.6 317.56 498.18 317.56 2 L
N
482.52 282.86 494.71 282.86 2 L
N
435.48 282.03 447.67 282.03 2 L
N
344.89 282.86 357.96 282.86 2 L
N
297.85 282.86 306.56 282.86 2 L
N
249.94 282.86 262.13 282.86 2 L
N
200.29 282.03 211.61 282.03 2 L
N
155.86 282.03 167.19 282.03 2 L
N
392.79 350.62 497.32 350.62 2 L
N
203.77 384.51 382.34 384.51 2 L
N
4 X
90 450 5.89 5.58 500.48 282.24 G
0.5 H
0 X
90 450 5.89 5.58 500.48 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 476.96 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 476.96 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 453.44 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 453.44 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 429.92 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 429.92 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 385.49 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 385.49 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 361.97 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 361.97 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 338.46 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 338.46 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.89 5.58 500.48 317.56 G
0 X
90 450 5.89 5.58 500.48 317.56 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 431.12 317.56 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 431.12 317.56 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 385.82 317.56 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 385.82 317.56 A
4 X
90 450 5.89 5.58 500.48 350.62 G
0 X
90 450 5.89 5.58 500.48 350.62 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 386.36 350.62 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 386.36 350.62 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 387.23 384.51 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 387.23 384.51 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 314.06 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 314.06 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 290.54 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 290.54 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 267.03 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 267.03 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 243.51 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 243.51 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 218.25 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 218.25 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 194.73 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 194.73 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 172.95 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 172.95 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 149.43 282.24 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 149.43 282.24 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 314.93 317.56 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 314.93 317.56 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 267.35 317.56 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 267.35 317.56 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 196.79 317.56 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 196.79 317.56 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 149.76 317.56 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 149.76 317.56 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 198.21 384.51 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 198.21 384.51 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 387.23 418.6 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 387.23 418.6 A
4 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 198.21 350.62 G
0 X
90 450 5.88 5.58 198.21 350.62 A
0 12 Q
(\050b\051) 437.78 459.99 T
2 X
90 450 6.87 5.83 498.94 601.1 G
0 X
90 450 6.87 5.83 498.94 601.1 A
6 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 583.81 G
0 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 583.81 A
399.59 583.81 495.7 583.81 2 L
N
2 X
90 450 6.87 5.83 498.94 583.81 G
0 X
90 450 6.87 5.83 498.94 583.81 A
6 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 568.06 G
0 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 568.06 A
399.59 568.06 495.7 568.06 2 L
N
2 X
90 450 6.87 5.83 498.94 568.06 G
0 X
90 450 6.87 5.83 498.94 568.06 A
6 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 552.9 G
0 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 552.9 A
399.59 552.9 495.7 552.9 2 L
N
2 X
90 450 6.87 5.83 498.94 552.9 G
0 X
90 450 6.87 5.83 498.94 552.9 A
6 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 537.73 G
0 X
90 450 6.86 5.83 390.6 537.73 A