📄 0410accountmanager.htm
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<span style="font-weight:bolder; color:#3333FF"><span class="text_head0">鸟哥的<span class="text_head_en">
Linux </span>私房菜</span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align:center">
<a href="0410accountmanager.php">
<span class="text_head0"><span class="text_head_en">Linux </span>帐号与身份管理</span></a><br />
</div>
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<span class="text_history">最近更新日期∶2005/09/05</span>
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<!-- 本文的档头部分 -->
<table class="head1" summary="排版∶文章档头的说明"><tr><td class="head1">
要登入 Linux 系统一定要有帐号与密码才行，否则怎么登入，您说是吧？！不过，
不同的使用者应该要拥有不同的权限才行吧？我们还可以透过 user/group 的特殊权限设定，
来规范出不同的群组开发专案呢～在 Linux 的环境下，我们可以透过很多方式来限制使用者能够使用的系统资源，
包括 <a href="0320bash.php">bash shell</a> 章节提到的 ulimit 限制、还有特殊权限限制，如 umask 等等。
透过这些举动，我们可以规范出不同使用者的使用资源。另外，还记得系统管理员的帐号吗？对！
就是 root 。请问一下，除了 root 之外，是否可以有其他的系统管理员帐号？
为什么大家都要尽量避免使用数字型态的帐号？如何修改使用者相关的资讯呢？这些我们都得要了解了解的！
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<!-- 本文的连结区部分 -->
<div class=block1>
<span class="text_h1">
1. <a href="#account">Linux 的帐号与群组</a><br>
<span class=text_h2>
1.1 <a href="#account_id">使用者识别∶ UID 与 GID</a><br>
1.2 <a href="#account_user">使用者帐号∶/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow</a><br>
1.3 <a href="#account_group">关于群组</a>∶ <a href="#account_group_init">有效与初始群组</a>、
<a href="#groups">groups</a>, <a href="#newgrp">newgrp</a><br>
</span>
2. <a href="#users">帐号管理∶</a><br>
<span class=text_h2>
2.1 <a href="#users_adduser">新增与移除使用者</a>∶ <a href="#useradd">useradd</a>,
<a href="#users_adduser_env">相关设定档</a>, <a href="#users_adduser_pw">passwd</a>,
<a href="#usermod">usermod</a>, <a href="#userdel">userdel</a><br>
2.2 <a href="#normal_user">使用者功能</a>∶<a href="#chsh">chsh</a>,
<a href="#chfn">chfn</a>, <a href="#finger">finger</a>, <a href="#id">id</a><br>
2.3 <a href="#group_add">新增与移除群组</a>∶<a href="#groupadd">groupadd</a>,
<a href="#groupmod">groupmod</a>, <a href="#groupdel">groupdel</a>,
<a href="#gpasswd">gpasswd</a>, <a href="#newgrp2">newgrp</a><br>
2.4 <a href="#pwcontrol">密码管理</a>∶ <a href="#passwd2">passwd</a><br>
</span>
3. <a href="#userswitch">使用者身份切换∶</a><br>
<span class=text_h2>
3.1 <a href="#su">su</a><br>
3.2 <a href="#sudo">sudo</a>, <a href="#visudo">visudo (/etc/sudoers)</a><br>
</span>
4. <a href="#usershell">使用者的特殊 shell 与 PAM 模组</a><br>
<span class=text_h2>
4.1 <a href="#nologin">特殊的 shell ， /sbin/nologin</a><br>
4.2 <a href="#pam">PAM 模组∶ /etc/nologin, /etc/securetty, /etc/security/*</a><br>
</span>
5. <a href="#uselinux">Linux 系统上使用者的对谈与 mail 的使用∶</a><br>
<span class=text_h2>
4.1 <a href="#uselinux_find">查询使用者∶ w, who, last, lastlog</a><br>
4.2 <a href="#uselinux_talk">使用者对谈∶ talk, mesg, wall</a><br>
4.3 <a href="#mail">使用者邮件信箱∶ mail</a><br>
</span>
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