📄 0520source_code_and_tarball.htm
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<span style="font-weight:bolder; color:#3333FF"><span class="text_head0">鸟哥的<span class="text_head_en">
Linux </span>私房菜</span></span><br />
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<a href="0520source_code_and_tarball.php">
<span class="text_head0">原始码与<span class="text_head_en"> Tarball </span>套件管理员</span></a><br />
</div>
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<span class="text_history">最近更新日期∶2005/10/01</span>
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<!-- 本文的档头部分 -->
<table class="head1" summary="排版∶文章档头的说明"><tr><td class="head1">
我们在 <a href="0110whatislinux.php">Linux 是什么</a> 一文当中，提到了 GNU 与
GPL 还有开放源码等咚咚，不过，前面都还没有提到真正的开放源码是什么的讯息！在这一章当中，我们将藉由
Linux 作业系统里面的执行档，来理解什么是可执行的程式，以及了解什么是编译器。
另外，与程式息息相关的函式库 (library) 的资讯也需要了解一番！不过，
在这个章节当中，鸟哥并不是要您成为一个开放源码的程式设计师，
而是希望您可以了解如何将开放源码的程式设计、加入函式库的原理、透过编译而成为可以执行
的 binary file ，最后该执行档可被我们所使用的一连串过程！<br><br>
了解上面的咚咚有什么好处呢？！因为在 Linux 的世界里面，我们常常需要自行安装套件在自己的
Linux 系统上面，所以如果您有简单的程式编译概念，那么将很容易进行套件的安装，
甚至在发生套件编译过程中的错误时，您也可以自行作一些简易的修订呢！而最传统的套件安装过程，
自然就是由原始码编译而来的棉！所以，在这里我们将介绍最原始的套件管理方式∶使用
Tarball 来安装与升级管理我们的套件喔！
</td></tr></table><br>
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<div class=block1>
<span class="text_h1">
1. <a href="#intro">前言</a>∶<br>
<span class=text_h2>
1.1 <a href="#intro_whatisopensource">什么是开放源码、编译器与可执行档</a>？<br>
1.2 <a href="#intro_library">什么是函式库</a>？<br>
1.3 <a href="#intro_make">什么是 make 与 configure</a> ？<br />
1.4 <a href="#intro_tarball">什么是 Tarball 的套件</a>？<br />
1.5 <a href="#intro_howto">如何安装与升级套件</a>？<br />
</span>
2. <a href="#simple_ex">一个简单的范例</a>∶<br/>
<span class=text_h2>
2.1 <a href="#simple_ex_hello">印出 Hello World</a><br />
2.2 <a href="#simple_ex_function">副程式的编译</a><br />
2.3 <a href="#simple_ex_lib">加入连结的函式库</a><br />
2.4 <a href="#simple_ex_gcc">gcc 的用法</a><br />
</span>
3. <a href="#make">make 的简易用法</a>∶<br />
<span class=text_h2>
3.1 <a href="#make_why">为什么要用 make</a> ？<br />
3.2 <a href="#make_makefile">make 的基本语法与变数</a><br />
</span>
4. <a href="#tarball">Tarball 的管理与建议</a>∶<br />
<span class=text_h2>
4.1 <a href="#tarball_pack">使用原始码管理套件所需要的基础套件</a><br />
4.2 <a href="#tarball_step">Tarball 安装的基本步骤</a><br>
4.3 <a href="#tarball_common">一般 Tarball 套件安装的建议事项( 如何移除？升级？ )</a><br />
4.4 <a href="#tarball_exntp">一个简单的范例、利用 ntp 来示范</a><br />
4.5 <a href="#tarball_patch">利用 patch 更新原始码</a><br />
</span>
5. <a href="#library">函式库管理</a>∶<br />
<span class=text_h2>
5.1 <a href="#library_dyna_sta">动态与静态函式库</a><br />
5.2 <a href="#library_ldconfig">ldconfig 与 /etc/ld.so.conf</a>, <a href="#library_ldd">ldd</a><br />
</span>
6. <a href="#check">检验套件软体的正确性</a>∶<br />
<span class=text_h2>
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