📄 0520rpm_and_srpm.htm
字号:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
>
<html lang="zh-TW">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312" >
<meta name="Author" content="VBird, 鸟哥" >
<meta name="Description" content="利用 RPM 来管理整个 Linux 的套件，同时以一个简单的范例来操纵 SRPM 的建立" >
<title>鸟哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- RPM 与 SRPM 套件管理员</title>
<style type="text/css">
body {
background-color: #D3D3D3;
color: #000000;
background-attachment:fixed ;
}
body,th,td,input,select,textarea,select,checkbox {
font-family: '新细明体', 'Times New Roman', serif;
font-size: 11pt ;
}
a:link {text-decoration: none; color: blue}
a:visited {text-decoration: none; color: blue}
a:active {text-decoration: none; color: blue}
a:hover {text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000}
table.head1 {width:100%; background-color: #FFCCCC;
border-style:groove;border-width:5px;border-color: #FFCCCC; margin:0;
padding: 5px 5px}
td.head1 {font: 10pt "新细明体", serif; color: #000099; }
td.info1 {font: 11pt "新细明体", serif; color: #000066; text-align:center; width:14%}
td.info2 {font: 11pt "新细明体", serif; color: #000066; text-align:center; width:12%}
*.info21 {font: 11pt "新细明体", serif; color: #000066; }
*.info22 {font: 11pt "新细明体", serif; color: blue ; }
*.info23 {font: 11pt "新细明体", serif; color: green ; }
td.info3 {font: 11pt "新细明体", serif; color: #000066; text-align:justify}
*.text_head0 {font-size:18pt; font-family:'标楷体','Times New Roman','Times', serif; }
*.text_head_en {font-size:18pt; font-family:'Times New Roman','Times', serif; }
*.text_h1 {font: 15pt "新细明体", serif; color: #0000BB; font-weight: bold }
*.text_h2 {font: 13pt "新细明体", serif; color: #0000BB; font-weight: bold }
*.text_import1 {font: 11pt "新细明体", serif; color: #000088; font-weight: bold }
*.text_import2 {font: 11pt "新细明体", serif; color: #000088; font-weight: normal}
*.text_vbird {font: 11pt "新细明体", serif; color: #000088; font-weight: normal;
font-style: italic;}
*.text_history {font: 10pt "新细明体", serif; color: #000066; }
*.text_date {font: 10pt "新细明体", serif; color: #3333FF; }
*.block1 {padding: 10px 20px 10px 25px; text-align:left }
*.block2 {padding: 10px 0px 10px 25px; text-align:left }
table.term2 {width: 350px; background-color: #000000;
border-style:groove;border-width:3px;border-color: #FFCCCC; margin:10px 0px;}
table.term {width: 580px; background-color: #000000;
border-style:groove;border-width:3px;border-color: #FFCCCC; margin:10px 0px;}
td.term {font: 10pt "细明体", Fixedsys, serif; color: #FFFFFF; }
*.term_hd {font: 10pt "细明体", Fixedsys, serif; color: #BBBBBB; }
*.term_note {font: 10pt "细明体", Fixedsys, serif; color: #777777; font-weight: normal }
*.term_note_b {font: 10pt "细明体", Fixedsys, serif; color: #FF77FF; font-weight: bolder }
*.term_command {font: 10pt "细明体", Fixedsys, serif; color: yellow ; font-weight: bolder }
*.term_write {font: 10pt "细明体", Fixedsys, serif; color: yellow ; font-weight: normal }
*.term_say {font: 10pt "细明体", Fixedsys, serif; color: #FF6666; font-weight: normal }
</style>
</head>
<body style="margin:0; padding:0">
<center>
<!-- 这里是关于页首按钮处的按钮程式 -->
<div style="text-align:center">
<span style="font-weight:bolder; color:#3333FF"><span class="text_head0">鸟哥的<span class="text_head_en">
Linux </span>私房菜</span></span><br />
<span style="color:#000080">为取得较佳浏览结果，请爱用 <a href="http://moztw.org" target="_blank">firefox</a>
浏览本网页</span><br />
<a href="http://linux.vbird.org/" target="_blank"
onmouseover="document.head_icon1.src='../images/icon_VBird_on.jpg'"
onfocus="document.head_icon1.src='../images/icon_VBird_on.jpg'"
onmouseout="document.head_icon1.src='../images/icon_VBird_off.jpg'">
<img alt="前往鸟哥的 Linux 私房菜馆首页" title="前往鸟哥的 Linux 私房菜馆首页" name="head_icon1"
src="../images/icon_VBird_off.jpg" border="0" /></a>
<a target="_blank" href="http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic"
onmouseover="document.head_icon2.src='../images/icon_basic_on.jpg'"
onfocus="document.head_icon2.src='../images/icon_basic_on.jpg'"
onmouseout="document.head_icon2.src='../images/icon_basic_off.jpg'">
<img src="../images/icon_basic_off.jpg" border="0"
alt="前往 Linux 基础文件，新手请从头学起"
title="前往 Linux 基础文件，新手请从头学起" name="head_icon2" /></a>
<a target="_blank" href="http://linux.vbird.org/linux_server"
onmouseover="document.head_icon3.src='../images/icon_server_on.jpg'"
onfocus="document.head_icon3.src='../images/icon_server_on.jpg'"
onmouseout="document.head_icon3.src='../images/icon_server_off.jpg'">
<img src="../images/icon_server_off.jpg" border="0"
alt="前往 Linux 架站文件，网路基础那章节请务必参考！"
title="前往 Linux 架站文件，网路基础那章节请务必参考！" name="head_icon3" /></a>
<a target="_blank" href="http://linux.vbird.org/linux_security"
onmouseover="document.head_icon4.src='../images/icon_security_on.jpg'"
onfocus="document.head_icon4.src='../images/icon_security_on.jpg'"
onmouseout="document.head_icon4.src='../images/icon_security_off.jpg'">
<img src="../images/icon_security_off.jpg" border="0"
alt="前往『网路安全』相关文件网页" title="前往『网路安全』相关文件网页" name="head_icon4" /></a>
<a href="http://phorum.vbird.org" target="_blank"
onmouseover="document.head_icon5.src='../images/icon_forum_on.jpg'"
onfocus="document.head_icon5.src='../images/icon_forum_on.jpg'"
onmouseout="document.head_icon5.src='../images/icon_forum_off.jpg'">
<img src="../images/icon_forum_off.jpg" border="0"
alt="前往 Linux 新手讨论区，发问前务必查阅发文规则"
title="前往 Linux 新手讨论区，发问前务必查阅发文规则" name="head_icon5" /></a>
<a target="_blank" href="http://linux.vbird.org/adsl"
onmouseover="document.head_icon6.src='../images/icon_adsl_on.jpg'"
onfocus="document.head_icon6.src='../images/icon_adsl_on.jpg'"
onmouseout="document.head_icon6.src='../images/icon_adsl_off.jpg'">
<img src="../images/icon_adsl_off.jpg" border="0"
alt="前往『ADSL连线分享』相关文件网页" title="前往『ADSL连线分享』相关文件网页" name="head_icon6" /></a>
<a href="http://www.study-area.org" target="_blank"
onmouseover="document.head_icon7.src='../images/icon_study-area.jpg'"
onfocus="document.head_icon7.src='../images/icon_study-area.jpg'"
onmouseout="document.head_icon7.src='../images/icon_study-area.jpg'">
<img src="../images/icon_study-area.jpg" border="0"
alt="前往 Study Area 网站" title="前往 Study Area 网站" name="head_icon7" /></a>
<br />
</div>
<table summary="本文内容的排版" style="width:750px;
background-image:url('../images/VBirdLinux.jpg');
background-attachment:fixed;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr><td style="width:16px; height:16px; background-image:url('../images/border-top-left.jpg');
font-size:6px"> </td>
<td style="width:718px; height:16px; font-size:6px;
background-image:url('../images/border-top-center.jpg')"> </td>
<td style="width:16px; height:16px; background-image:url('../images/border-top-right.jpg');
font-size:6px"> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="width:16px; font-size:6px;
background-image:url('../images/border-middle-left.jpg')"> </td>
<td width="718">
<!-- 本文的档头部分 -->
<div style="text-align:center">
<a href="0520rpm_and_srpm.php">
<span class="text_head0"><span class="text_head_en"> RPM </span>与<span class="text_head_en"> SRPM </span>套件管理员</span></a><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align:left">
<a href="0520rpm_and_srpm.php?thisscreen=800x600"><!--切换解析度为 800x600--></a>
</div>
<div style="text-align:right">
<span class="text_history">最近更新日期∶2005/10/03</span>
</div>
<!-- 本文的档头部分 -->
<table class="head1" summary="排版∶文章档头的说明"><tr><td class="head1">
在上一章当中，我们介绍了以 Tarball 的方式来安装我们的套件，同时也说明了 Source code
与执行档之间的关系。不过，如果每次安装套件都需要进行编译的动作，那么实在很没效率！这个时候，由
Red Hat 公司所开发出来的套件管理程式( Red Hat Package Manager, RPM )可就帮了大忙了！RPM
除了可以用来安装套件之外，还可以进行查询、升级、反安装、以及其他验证等等的功能，
这些功能让我们在管理系统的套件上，更显的方便呢！此外，我们也可以利用
RPM 的原理来『自行创造自己的 RPM 档案』呢！<br /><br />
由于 RPM 实在是太好用了，目前主要的 Linux distributions 都是使用 RPM 来管理他们的套件，例如
Red Hat 系统 (含 Fedora ), SuSE 与改版后的 Mandriva ，所以，您不能不知道 RPM
是什么东西？该如何利用他，以及熟悉相关的功能！赶紧来参详参详！
</td></tr></table><br>
<!-- 本文的连结区部分 -->
<div class=block1>
<span class="text_h1">
1. <a href="#intro">前言</a>∶<br />
<span class=text_h2>
1.1 <a href="#intro_whatisrpm">什么是 RPM 与 SRPM</a><br />
1.2 <a href="#intro_i386586">什么是 i386, i586, i686, noarch</a> ？<br />
1.3 <a href="#intro_advance">RPM 的优点</a><br />
1.4 <a href="#intro_solution">RPM 属性相依的克服方式</a><br />
</span>
2. <a href="#rpmmanager">RPM 套件管理程式</a><br />
<span class=text_h2>
2.1 <a href="#rpmmanager_dir">RPM 预设安装的路径</a><br />
2.2 <a href="#rpmmanager_install">RPM 安装</a><br />
2.3 <a href="#rpmmanager_update">RPM 升级与更新</a><br />
2.4 <a href="#rpmmanager_query">RPM 查询</a><br />
2.5 <a href="#rpmmanager_verify">RPM 验证与数位签章</a><br />
2.6 <a href="#rpmmanager_rebuild">RPM 反安装与重建资料库</a><br />
</span>
3. <a href="#srpmmanager">SRPM 的使用</a>∶<br />
<span class=text_h2>
3.1 <a href="#srpmmanager_rebuild">利用系统预设值安装 SRPM 档案</a><br />
3.2 <a href="#srpmmanager_dir">SRPM 使用的路径与需要的套件</a><br />
3.3 <a href="#srpmmanager_config">设定档的主要内容</a><br />
3.4 <a href="#srpmmanager_command">SRPM 的编译指令</a><br />
</span>
5. <a href="#myself">一个打包自己套件的范例</a>∶<br />
6. <a href="#rpmortarball">要选择 RPM 还是 Tarball</a>？<br />
7. <a href="#important">重点回顾</a><br />
8. <a href="#reference">参考资源</a><br />
9. <a href="#FAQ">课后练习</a><br />
<span class=text_h2>
10. <a href="http://phorum.vbird.org/viewtopic.php?t=23893"
target="_blank">针对本文的建议∶http://phorum.vbird.org/viewtopic.php?t=23893</a>
</span>
</span>
</div>
<!-- 本文的正式部分 -->
<hr><a NAME="intro"></a><img src="images/penguin-m.gif" alt="大标题的图示" height="34" width="25" align="middle" /><span class=text_h1>前言</span>
<div class=block1>
在前一章我们提到以原始码的方式来安装套件，也就是利用厂商释出的
Tarball 来进行套件与程式的安装。不过，您应该很容易发现，那就是每次安装套件都需要设定作业系统、
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -