smartd.8.in

硬盘各项性能的测试,如温度容量版本健康度型号

.TP
.B \-C ID
[ATA only] Report if the current number of pending sectors is
non-zero.  Here \fBID\fP is the id number of the Attribute whose raw
value is the Current Pending Sector count.  The allowed range of
\fBID\fP is 0 to 255 inclusive.  To turn off this reporting, use
ID\ =\ 0.  If the \fB\-C ID\fP option is not given, then it defaults to
\fB\-C 197\fP (since Attribute 197 is generally used to monitor
pending sectors).

A pending sector is a disk sector (containing 512 bytes of your data)
which the device would like to mark as ``bad" and reallocate.
Typically this is because your computer tried to read that sector, and
the read failed because the data on it has been corrupted and has
inconsistent Error Checking and Correction (ECC) codes.  This is
important to know, because it means that there is some unreadable data
on the disk.  The problem of figuring out what file this data belongs
to is operating system and file system specific.  You can typically
force the sector to reallocate by writing to it (translation: make the
device substitute a spare good sector for the bad one) but at the
price of losing the 512 bytes of data stored there.

.TP
.B \-U ID
[ATA only] Report if the number of offline uncorrectable sectors is
non-zero.  Here \fBID\fP is the id number of the Attribute whose raw
value is the Offline Uncorrectable Sector count.  The allowed range of
\fBID\fP is 0 to 255 inclusive.  To turn off this reporting, use
ID\ =\ 0.  If the \fB\-U ID\fP option is not given, then it defaults to
\fB\-U 198\fP (since Attribute 198 is generally used to monitor
offline uncorrectable sectors).


An offline uncorrectable sector is a disk sector which was not
readable during an off\-line scan or a self\-test.  This is important
to know, because if you have data stored in this disk sector, and you
need to read it, the read will fail.  Please see the previous \'\-C\'
option for more details.

.TP
.B \-W DIFF[,INFO[,CRIT]]
Report if the current temperature had changed by at least \fBDIFF\fP
degrees since last report. Report or Warn if the temperature is greater
or equal than one of \fBINFO\fP or \fBCRIT\fP degrees Celsius. If the
limit \fBCRIT\fP is reached, a message with loglevel
\fB\'LOG_CRITICAL\'\fP will be logged to syslog and a warning email
will be send if '-m' is specified. If only the limit \fBINFO\fP is
reached, a message with loglevel \fB\'LOG_INFO\'\fP will be logged.

To disable any of the 3 reports, set the corresponding limit to 0.
Trailing zero arguments may be omitted. By default, all temperature
reports are disabled (\'-W 0\').

To track temperature changes of at least 2 degrees, use:
.nf
\fB \-W 2
.fi
To log informal messages on temperatures of at least 40 degrees, use:
.nf
\fB \-W 0,40
.fi
For warning messages/mails on temperatures of at least 45 degrees, use:
.nf
\fB \-W 0,0,45
.fi
To combine all of the above reports, use:
.nf
\fB \-W 2,40,45
.fi

For ATA devices, smartd interprets Attribute 194 as Temperature Celsius
by default. This can be changed to Attribute 9 or 220 by the drive
database or by the \'-v\' directive, see below.

.TP
.B \-F TYPE
[ATA only] Modifies the behavior of \fBsmartd\fP to compensate for
some known and understood device firmware bug.  The arguments to this
Directive are exclusive, so that only the final Directive given is
used.  The valid values are:

.I none
\- Assume that the device firmware obeys the ATA specifications.  This is
the default, unless the device has presets for \'\-F\' in the device
database.

.I samsung
\- In some Samsung disks (example: model SV4012H Firmware Version:
RM100-08) some of the two- and four-byte quantities in the SMART data
structures are byte-swapped (relative to the ATA specification).
Enabling this option tells \fBsmartd\fP to evaluate these quantities
in byte-reversed order.  Some signs that your disk needs this option
are (1) no self-test log printed, even though you have run self-tests;
(2) very large numbers of ATA errors reported in the ATA error log;
(3) strange and impossible values for the ATA error log timestamps.

.I samsung2
\- In more recent Samsung disks (firmware revisions ending in "\-23") the
number of ATA errors reported is byte swapped.  Enabling this option
tells \fBsmartd\fP to evaluate this quantity in byte-reversed order.

.I samsung3
\- Some Samsung disks (at least SP2514N with Firmware VF100\-37) report
a self\-test still in progress with 0% remaining when the test was already
completed. If this directive is specified, \fBsmartd\fP will not skip the
next scheduled self\-test (see Directive \'\-s\' above) in this case.

Note that an explicit \'\-F\' Directive will over-ride any preset
values for \'\-F\' (see the \'\-P\' option below).


[Please see the \fBsmartctl \-F\fP command-line option.]

.TP
.B \-v N,OPTION
Modifies the labeling for Attribute N, for disks which use
non-standard Attribute definitions.  This is useful in connection with
the Attribute tracking/reporting Directives.

This Directive may appear multiple times. Valid arguments to this
Directive are:

.I 9,minutes
\- Raw Attribute number 9 is power-on time in minutes.  Its raw value
will be displayed in the form \'Xh+Ym\'.  Here X is hours, and Y is
minutes in the range 0-59 inclusive.  Y is always printed with two
digits, for example \'06\' or \'31\' or \'00\'.

.I 9,seconds
\- Raw Attribute number 9 is power-on time in seconds.  Its raw value
will be displayed in the form \'Xh+Ym+Zs\'.  Here X is hours, Y is
minutes in the range 0-59 inclusive, and Z is seconds in the range
0-59 inclusive.  Y and Z are always printed with two digits, for
example \'06\' or \'31\' or \'00\'.

.I 9,halfminutes
\- Raw Attribute number 9 is power-on time, measured in units of 30
seconds.  This format is used by some Samsung disks.  Its raw value
will be displayed in the form \'Xh+Ym\'.  Here X is hours, and Y is
minutes in the range 0-59 inclusive.  Y is always printed with two
digits, for example \'06\' or \'31\' or \'00\'.

.I 9,temp
\- Raw Attribute number 9 is the disk temperature in Celsius.

.I 192,emergencyretractcyclect
\- Raw Attribute number 192 is the Emergency Retract Cycle Count.

.I 193,loadunload
\- Raw Attribute number 193 contains two values. The first is the
number of load cycles.  The second is the number of unload cycles.
The difference between these two values is the number of times that
the drive was unexpectedly powered off (also called an emergency
unload). As a rule of thumb, the mechanical stress created by one
emergency unload is equivalent to that created by one hundred normal
unloads.

.I 194,10xCelsius
\- Raw Attribute number 194 is ten times the disk temperature in
Celsius.  This is used by some Samsung disks (example: model SV1204H
with RK100-13 firmware).

.I 194,unknown
\- Raw Attribute number 194 is NOT the disk temperature, and its
interpretation is unknown. This is primarily useful for the -P
(presets) Directive.

.I 198,offlinescanuncsectorct
\- Raw Attribute number 198 is the Offline Scan UNC Sector Count.

.I 200,writeerrorcount
\- Raw Attribute number 200 is the Write Error Count.

.I 201,detectedtacount
\- Raw Attribute number 201 is the Detected TA Count.

.I 220,temp
\- Raw Attribute number 220 is the disk temperature in Celsius.

Note: a table of hard drive models, listing which Attribute
corresponds to temperature, can be found at:
\fBhttp://www.guzu.net/linux/hddtemp.db\fP

.I N,raw8
\- Print the Raw value of Attribute N as six 8-bit unsigned base-10
integers.  This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the Raw
value.  The form \'N,raw8\' prints Raw values for ALL Attributes in this
form.  The form (for example) \'123,raw8\' only prints the Raw value for
Attribute 123 in this form.

.I N,raw16
\- Print the Raw value of Attribute N as three 16-bit unsigned base-10
integers.  This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the Raw
value.  The form \'N,raw16\' prints Raw values for ALL Attributes in this
form.  The form (for example) \'123,raw16\' only prints the Raw value for
Attribute 123 in this form.

.I N,raw48
\- Print the Raw value of Attribute N as a 48-bit unsigned base-10
integer.  This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the Raw
value.  The form \'N,raw48\' prints Raw values for ALL Attributes in
this form.  The form (for example) \'123,raw48\' only prints the Raw
value for Attribute 123 in this form.

.TP
.B \-P TYPE
Specifies whether
\fBsmartd\fP
should use any preset options that are available for this drive.  The
valid arguments to this Directive are:

.I use
\- use any presets that are available for this drive.  This is the default.

.I ignore
\- do not use any presets for this drive.

.I show
\- show the presets listed for this drive in the database.

.I showall
\- show the presets that are available for all drives and then exit.

[Please see the
.B smartctl \-P
command-line option.]

.TP
.B \-a
Equivalent to turning on all of the following Directives: 
.B \'\-H\' 
to check the SMART health status,
.B \'\-f\' 
to report failures of Usage (rather than Prefail) Attributes,
.B \'\-t\' 
to track changes in both Prefailure and Usage Attributes,
.B \'\-l\ selftest\' 
to report increases in the number of Self-Test Log errors,
.B \'\-l\ error\' 
to report increases in the number of ATA errors,
.B \'\-C 197\'
to report nonzero values of the current pending sector count, and
.B \'\-U 198\'
to report nonzero values of the offline pending sector count.

Note that \-a is the default for ATA devices.  If none of these other
Directives is given, then \-a is assumed.

.TP
.B #
Comment: ignore the remainder of the line.
.TP
.B \e
Continuation character: if this is the last non-white or non-comment
character on a line, then the following line is a continuation of the current
one.
.PP
If you are not sure which Directives to use, I suggest experimenting
for a few minutes with
.B smartctl
to see what SMART functionality your disk(s) support(s).  If you do
not like voluminous syslog messages, a good choice of
\fBsmartd\fP
configuration file Directives might be:
.nf
.B \-H \-l\ selftest \-l\ error \-f.
.fi
If you want more frequent information, use:
.B -a.

.TP
.B ADDITIONAL DETAILS ABOUT DEVICESCAN
If the first non-comment entry in the configuration file is the text
string \fBDEVICESCAN\fP in capital letters, then \fBsmartd\fP will
ignore any remaining lines in the configuration file, and will scan
for devices.

If \fBDEVICESCAN\fP is not followed by any Directives, then smartd
will scan for both ATA and SCSI devices, and will monitor all possible
SMART properties of any devices that are found.

\fBDEVICESCAN\fP may optionally be followed by any valid Directives,
which will be applied to all devices that are found in the scan.  For
example
.nf
.B DEVICESCAN -m [e-mail]
.fi
will scan for all devices, and then monitor them.  It will send one
email warning per device for any problems that are found.
.nf
.B  DEVICESCAN -d ata -m [e-mail]
.fi
will do the same, but restricts the scan to ATA devices only.  
.nf
.B  DEVICESCAN -H -d ata -m [e-mail]
.fi
will do the same, but only monitors the SMART health status of the
devices, (rather than the default \-a, which monitors all SMART
properties).

.TP
.B EXAMPLES OF SHELL SCRIPTS FOR \'\-M exec\'
These are two examples of shell scripts that can be used with the \'\-M
exec PATH\' Directive described previously.  The paths to these scripts
and similar executables is the PATH argument to the \'\-M exec PATH\'
Directive.

Example 1: This script is for use with \'\-m ADDRESS -M exec PATH\'.  It appends
the output of
.B smartctl -a
to the output of the smartd email warning message and sends it to ADDRESS.

.nf
\fB
#! /bin/bash

# Save the email message (STDIN) to a file:
cat > /root/msg

# Append the output of smartctl -a to the message:
/usr/local/sbin/smartctl -a -d $SMART_DEVICETYPE $SMARTD_DEVICE >> /root/msg
 
# Now email the message to the user at address ADD:
/bin/mail -s "$SMARTD_SUBJECT" $SMARTD_ADDRESS < /root/msg
\fP
.fi

Example 2: This script is for use with \'\-m <nomailer