smartd.8.in

硬盘各项性能的测试,如温度容量版本健康度型号

.I sat
\- the device type is SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT).
\fBsmartd\fP
will generate ATA (smart) commands and then package them in
the SAT defined ATA PASS THROUGH SCSI commands. The commands
are then routed through the SCSI pass through interface to the
operating system. There are two types of ATA PASS THROUGH
SCSI commands: a 12 byte and 16 byte variant.
\fBsmartd\fP
can use either and defaults to the 16 byte variant. This can
be overridden with this syntax: \'\-d sat,12\' or \'\-d sat,16\'.

.I marvell
\- Under Linux, interact with SATA disks behind Marvell chip-set
controllers (using the Marvell rather than libata driver).

.I 3ware,N
\- the device consists of one or more ATA disks connected to a 3ware
RAID controller. The non-negative integer N (in the range from 0 to 31
inclusive) denotes which disk on the controller is monitored.  In log
files and email messages this disk will be identified as 3ware_disk_XX
with XX in the range from 00 to 31 inclusive.

This Directive may at first appear confusing, because the 3ware
controller is a SCSI device (such as /dev/sda) and should be listed as
such in the the configuration file.
However when the \'\-d 3ware,N\'
Directive is used, then the corresponding disk is addressed using
native ATA commands which are \'passed through\' the SCSI driver. All
ATA Directives listed in this man page may be used.  Note that while
you may use \fBany\fP of the 3ware SCSI logical devices /dev/sd? to
address \fBany\fP of the physical disks (3ware ports), error and log
messages will make the most sense if you always list the 3ware SCSI
logical device corresponding to the particular physical disks.  Please
see the \fBsmartctl\fP man page for further details.

ATA disks behind 3ware controllers may alternatively be accessed via a
character device interface /dev/twe0-15 (3ware 6000/7000/8000
controllers) and /dev/twa0-15 (3ware 9000 series controllers).  Note
that the 9000 series controllers may \fBonly\fP be accessed using the
character device interface /dev/twa0-15 and not the SCSI device
interface /dev/sd?.  Please see the \fBsmartctl\fP man page for
further details.

Note that older 3w-xxxx drivers do not pass the \'Enable Autosave\'
(\fB-S on\fP) and \'Enable Automatic Offline\' (\fB-o on\fP) commands
to the disk, if the SCSI interface is used, and produce these types of
harmless syslog error messages instead: \fB\'3w-xxxx: tw_ioctl():
Passthru size (123392) too big\'\fP. This can be fixed by upgrading to
version 1.02.00.037 or later of the 3w-xxxx driver, or by applying a
patch to older versions.  See
\fBhttp://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/\fP for instructions.
Alternatively use the character device interfaces /dev/twe0-15 (3ware
6/7/8000 series controllers) or /dev/twa0-15 (3ware 9000 series
controllers).

.I cciss,N
\- the device consists of one or more SCSI disks connected to a cciss
RAID controller. The non-negative integer N (in the range from 0 to 15
inclusive) denotes which disk on the controller is monitored.  In log
files and email messages this disk will be identified as cciss_disk_XX
with XX in the range from 00 to 15 inclusive.

.B 3ware and cciss controllers are currently ONLY supported under Linux.

.I hpt,L/M/N
\- the device consists of one or more ATA disks connected to a HighPoint
RocketRAID controller.  The integer L is the controller id, the integer M
is the channel number, and the integer N is the PMPort number if it is
available. The allowed values of L are from 1 to 4 inclusive, M are from
1 to 8 inclusive and N from 1 to 4 if PMPort available.  And also these
values are limited by the model of the HighPoint RocketRAID controller.
In log files and email messages this disk will be identified as
hpt_X/X/X and X/X/X is the same as L/M/N, note if no N indicated, N set
to the default value 1.

.B HighPoint RocketRAID controllers are currently ONLY supported under Linux.

.I removable
\- the device or its media is removable.  This indicates to
\fBsmartd\fP
that it should continue (instead of exiting, which is the default
behavior) if the device does not appear to be present when
\fBsmartd\fP is started.  This Directive may be used in conjunction
with the other \'\-d\' Directives.

.TP
.B \-n POWERMODE[,q]
This \'nocheck\' Directive is used to prevent a disk from being
spun-up when it is periodically polled by \fBsmartd\fP.

ATA disks have five different power states. In order of increasing
power consumption they are: \'OFF\', \'SLEEP\', \'STANDBY\', \'IDLE\',
and \'ACTIVE\'.  Typically in the OFF, SLEEP, and STANDBY modes the
disk\'s platters are not spinning. But usually, in response to SMART
commands issued by \fBsmartd\fP, the disk platters are spun up.  So if
this option is not used, then a disk which is in a low\-power mode may
be spun up and put into a higher\-power mode when it is periodically
polled by \fBsmartd\fP.

Note that if the disk is in SLEEP mode when \fBsmartd\fP is started,
then it won't respond to \fBsmartd\fP commands, and so the disk won't
be registered as a device for \fBsmartd\fP to monitor. If a disk is in
any other low\-power mode, then the commands issued by \fBsmartd\fP to
register the disk will probably cause it to spin\-up.

The \'\fB\-n\fP\' (nocheck) Directive specifies if \fBsmartd\fP\'s
periodic checks should still be carried out when the device is in a
low\-power mode.  It may be used to prevent a disk from being spun\-up
by periodic \fBsmartd\fP polling.  The allowed values of POWERMODE
are:

.I never
\- \fBsmartd\fP will poll (check) the device regardless of its power
mode. This may cause a disk which is spun\-down to be spun\-up when
\fBsmartd\fP checks it.  This is the default behavior if the '\-n'
Directive is not given.

.I sleep
\- check the device unless it is in SLEEP mode.

.I standby
\- check the device unless it is in SLEEP or STANDBY mode.  In
these modes most disks are not spinning, so if you want to prevent
a laptop disk from spinning up each time that \fBsmartd\fP polls,
this is probably what you want.

.I idle
\- check the device unless it is in SLEEP, STANDBY or IDLE mode.
In the IDLE state, most disks are still spinning, so this is probably
not what you want.

When a self test is scheduled (see \'\-s\' Directive below), the
\'\fB\-n\fP\' Directive is ignored, and all tests are carried out.

When a periodic test is skipped, \fBsmartd\fP normally writes an
informal log message. The message can be suppressed by appending
the option \',q\' to POWERMODE (like \'\-n standby,q\').
This prevents a laptop disk from spinning up due to this message.

.TP
.B \-T TYPE
Specifies how tolerant
\fBsmartd\fP
should be of SMART command failures.  The valid arguments to this
Directive are:

.I normal
\- do not try to monitor the disk if a mandatory SMART command fails, but
continue if an optional SMART command fails.  This is the default.

.I permissive
\- try to monitor the disk even if it appears to lack SMART
capabilities.  This may be required for some old disks (prior to
ATA\-3 revision 4) that implemented SMART before the SMART standards
were incorporated into the ATA/ATAPI Specifications.  This may also be
needed for some Maxtor disks which fail to comply with the ATA
Specifications and don't properly indicate support for error\- or
self\-test logging.

[Please see the \fBsmartctl \-T\fP command-line option.]
.TP
.B \-o VALUE
Enables or disables SMART Automatic Offline Testing when
\fBsmartd\fP
starts up and has no further effect.  The valid arguments to this
Directive are \fIon\fP and \fIoff\fP.

The delay between tests is vendor-specific, but is typically four
hours.

Note that SMART Automatic Offline Testing is \fBnot\fP part of the ATA
Specification.  Please see the
.B smartctl \-o
command-line option documentation for further information about this
feature.
.TP
.B \-S VALUE
Enables or disables Attribute Autosave when \fBsmartd\fP
starts up and has no further effect.  The valid arguments to this
Directive are \fIon\fP and \fIoff\fP.  Also affects SCSI devices.
[Please see the \fBsmartctl \-S\fP command-line option.]
.TP
.B \-H
Check the SMART health status of the disk.  If any Prefailure
Attributes are less than or equal to their threshold values, then disk
failure is predicted in less than 24 hours, and a message at loglevel
.B \'LOG_CRITICAL\'
will be logged to syslog.  [Please see the
.B smartctl \-H
command-line option.]
.TP
.B \-l TYPE
Reports increases in the number of errors in one of the two SMART logs.  The
valid arguments to this Directive are:

.I error
\- report if the number of ATA errors reported in the ATA Error Log
has increased since the last check.

.I selftest
\- report if the number of failed tests reported in the SMART
Self-Test Log has increased since the last check, or if the timestamp
associated with the most recent failed test has increased.  Note that
such errors will \fBonly\fP be logged if you run self-tests on the
disk (and it fails a test!).  Self-Tests can be run automatically by
\fBsmartd\fP: please see the \fB\'\-s\'\fP Directive below.
Self-Tests can also be run manually by using the \fB\'\-t\ short\'\fP
and \fB\'\-t\ long\'\fP options of \fBsmartctl\fP and the results of
the testing can be observed using the \fBsmartctl \'\-l\ selftest\'\fP
command-line option.]

[Please see the \fBsmartctl \-l\fP and \fB\-t\fP command-line
options.]
.TP
.B \-s REGEXP
Run Self-Tests or Offline Immediate Tests, at scheduled times.  A
Self- or Offline Immediate Test will be run at the end of periodic
device polling, if all 12 characters of the string \fBT/MM/DD/d/HH\fP
match the extended regular expression \fBREGEXP\fP. Here:
.RS 7
.IP \fBT\fP 4
is the type of the test.  The values that \fBsmartd\fP will try to
match (in turn) are: \'L\' for a \fBL\fPong Self-Test, \'S\' for a
\fBS\fPhort Self-Test, \'C\' for a \fBC\fPonveyance Self-Test (ATA
only), and \'O\' for an \fBO\fPffline Immediate Test (ATA only).  As
soon as a match is found, the test will be started and no additional
matches will be sought for that device and that polling cycle.
.IP \fBMM\fP 4
is the month of the year, expressed with two decimal digits.  The
range is from 01 (January) to 12 (December) inclusive.  Do \fBnot\fP
use a single decimal digit or the match will always fail!
.IP \fBDD\fP 4
is the day of the month, expressed with two decimal digits. The
range is from 01 to 31 inclusive.  Do \fBnot\fP
use a single decimal digit or the match will always fail!
.IP \fBd\fP 4
is the day of the week, expressed with one decimal digit.  The
range is from 1 (Monday) to 7 (Sunday) inclusive.
.IP \fBHH\fP 4
is the hour of the day, written with two decimal digits, and given in
hours after midnight.  The range is 00 (midnight to just before 1am)
to 23 (11pm to just before midnight) inclusive.  Do \fBnot\fP use a
single decimal digit or the match will always fail!
.RE
.\"  The following two lines are a workaround for a man2html bug.  Please leave them.
.\" They define a non-existent option; useful because man2html can't correctly reset the margins.
.TP
.B \&
Some examples follow.  In reading these, keep in mind that in extended
regular expressions a dot \fB\'.\'\fP matches any single character, and
a parenthetical expression such as \fB\'(A|B|C)\'\fP denotes any one of the three possibilities \fBA\fP,
\fBB\fP, or \fBC\fP.

To schedule a short Self-Test between 2-3am every morning, use:
.nf
\fB \-s S/../.././02\fP
.fi
To schedule a long Self-Test between 4-5am every Sunday morning, use:
.nf
\fB \-s L/../../7/04\fP
.fi
To schedule a long Self-Test between 10-11pm on the first and
fifteenth day of each month, use:
.nf
\fB \-s L/../(01|15)/./22\fP
.fi
To schedule an Offline Immediate test after every midnight, 6am,
noon,and 6pm, plus a Short Self-Test daily at 1-2am and a Long
Self-Test every Saturday at 3-4am, use:
.nf
\fB \-s (O/../.././(00|06|12|18)|S/../.././01|L/../../6/03)\fP
.fi

Scheduled tests are run immediately following the regularly-scheduled
device polling, if the current local date, time, and test type, match
\fBREGEXP\fP.  By default the regularly-scheduled device polling
occurs every thirty minutes after starting \fBsmartd\fP.  Take caution
if you use the \'\-i\' option to make this polling interval more than
sixty minutes: the poll times may fail to coincide with any of the
testing times that you have specified with \fBREGEXP\fP, and so the
self tests may not take place as you wish.

Before running an offline or self-test, \fBsmartd\fP checks to be sure
that a self-test is not already running.  If a self-test \fBis\fP
already running, then this running self test will \fBnot\fP be
interrupted to begin another test.

\fBsmartd\fP will not attempt to run \fBany\fP type of test if another
test was already started or run in the same hour.

To avoid performance problems during system boot, \fBsmartd\fP will
not attempt to run any scheduled tests following the very first
device polling (unless \'\-q onecheck\' is specified).

Each time a test is run, \fBsmartd\fP will log an entry to SYSLOG.
You can use these or the '-q showtests' command-line option to verify
that you constructed \fBREGEXP\fP correctly.  The matching order
(\fBL\fP before \fBS\fP before \fBC\fP before \fBO\fP) ensures that
if multiple test types are all scheduled for the same hour, the
longer test type has precedence.  This is usually the desired behavior.

Unix users: please beware that the rules for extended regular
expressions [regex(7)] are \fBnot\fP the same as the rules for
file\-name pattern matching by the shell [glob(7)].  \fBsmartd\fP will
issue harmless informational warning messages if it detects characters
in \fBREGEXP\fP that appear to indicate that you have made this
mistake.

.TP
.B \-m ADD
Send a warning email to the email address \fBADD\fP if the \'\-H\',
\'\-l\', \'\-f\', \'\-C\', or \'\-O\' Directives detect a failure or a
new error, or if a SMART command to the disk fails. This Directive
only works in conjunction with these other Directives (or with the
equivalent default \'\-a\' Directive).

To prevent your email in-box from getting filled up with warning
messages, by default only a single warning will be sent for each of
the enabled alert types, \'\-H\', \'\-l\', \'\-f\', \'\-C\', or
\'\-O\' even if more than one failure or error is detected or if the
failure or error persists.  [This behavior can be modified; see the
\'\-M\' Directive below.]

To send email to more than one user, please use the following "comma
separated" form for the address: \fBuser1@add1,user2@add2,...,userN@addN\fP
(with no spaces).

To test that email is being sent correctly, use the \'\-M test\'
Directive described below to send one test email message on