smartd.8.in

硬盘各项性能的测试,如温度容量版本健康度型号

.B smartmontools
on non-conforming or poorly-conforming hardware.  This option reports
details of
\fBsmartd\fP
transactions with the device.  The option can be used multiple times.
When used just once, it shows a record of the ioctl() transactions
with the device.  When used more than once, the detail of these ioctl()
transactions are reported in greater detail.  The valid arguments to
this option are:

.I ioctl
\- report all ioctl() transactions.

.I ataioctl
\- report only ioctl() transactions with ATA devices.

.I scsiioctl
\- report only ioctl() transactions with SCSI devices.

Any argument may include a positive integer to specify the level of
detail that should be reported.  The argument should be followed by a
comma then the integer with no spaces.  For example, \fIataioctl,2\fP
The default level is 1, so \'\-r ataioctl,1\' and \'\-r ataioctl\' are
equivalent.

.TP
.B \-\-service
Cygwin and Windows only: Enables \fBsmartd\fP to run as a Windows service.

On Cygwin, this option is kept for backward compatibility only.
It has the same effect as \'\-n, \-\-no\-fork\', see above.

On Windows, this option enables the buildin service support.
The option must be specified in the service command line as the first
argument. It should not be used from console.
See NOTES below for details.

.TP
.B \-V, \-\-version, \-\-license, \-\-copyright
Prints license, copyright, and CVS version information onto
STDOUT and then exits. Please include this information if you are
reporting bugs, or have specific questions about the behavior of
\fBsmartd\fP.

.SH EXAMPLES

.B
smartd
.fi
Runs the daemon in forked mode. This is the normal way to run
\fBsmartd\fP.
Entries are logged to SYSLOG (by default
.B /var/log/messages.)

.B
smartd -d -i 30
.fi
Run in foreground (debug) mode, checking the disk status
every 30 seconds.

.B
smartd -q onecheck
.fi
Registers devices, and checks the status of the devices exactly
once. The exit status (the bash
.B $?
variable) will be zero if all went well, and nonzero if no devices
were detected or some other problem was encountered.

.fi 
Note that \fBsmartmontools\fP provides a start-up script in
\fB/usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/smartd\fP which is responsible for starting and
stopping the daemon via the normal init interface.  Using this script,
you can start \fBsmartd\fP by giving the command:
.nf
.B /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/smartd start
.fi
and stop it by using the command:
.nf
.B /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/smartd stop

.fi
If you want \fBsmartd\fP to start running whenever your machine is
booted, this can be enabled by using the command:
.nf
.B /sbin/chkconfig --add smartd
.fi
and disabled using the command:
.nf
.B /sbin/chkconfig --del smartd
.fi

.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS OR THE FOLLOWING TWO LINES. THIS MATERIAL
.\" IS AUTOMATICALLY INCLUDED IN THE FILE smartd.conf.5
.\" STARTINCLUDE

.SH CONFIGURATION FILE /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf
In the absence of a configuration file, under Linux
\fBsmartd\fP 
will try to open the 20 ATA devices 
.B /dev/hd[a-t] 
and the 26 SCSI devices
.B /dev/sd[a-z].
Under FreeBSD, 
\fBsmartd\fP
will try to open all existing ATA devices (with entries in /dev)
.B /dev/ad[0-9]+
and all existing SCSI devices
.B /dev/da[0-9]+.  
Under NetBSD/OpenBSD, 
\fBsmartd\fP
will try to open all existing ATA devices (with entries in /dev)
.B /dev/wd[0-9]+c
and all existing SCSI devices
.B /dev/sd[0-9]+c.
Under Solaris \fBsmartd\fP will try to open all entries \fB"/dev/rdsk/c?t?d?s?"\fP for IDE/ATA and SCSI disk
devices, and entries \fB"/dev/rmt/*"\fP for SCSI tape devices.
Under Windows \fBsmartd\fP will try to open all entries \fB"/dev/hd[a-j]"\fP ("\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive[0-9]")
for IDE/ATA devices on WinNT4/2000/XP, \fB"/dev/hd[a-d]"\fP
(bitmask from "\\\\.\\SMARTVSD") for IDE/ATA devices on Win95/98/98SE/ME,
and \fB"/dev/scsi[0-9][0-7]"\fP (ASPI adapter 0-9, ID 0-7) for SCSI
devices on all versions of Windows.
Under Darwin, \fBsmartd\fP will open any ATA block storage device.

This can be annoying if you have an ATA or SCSI device that hangs or
misbehaves when receiving SMART commands.  Even if this causes no
problems, you may be annoyed by the string of error log messages about
block-major devices that can\'t be found, and SCSI devices that can\'t
be opened.

One can avoid this problem, and gain more control over the types of
events monitored by
\fBsmartd\fP,
by using the configuration file
.B /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf.
This file contains a list of devices to monitor, with one device per
line.  An example file is included with the
.B smartmontools
distribution. You will find this sample configuration file in
\fB/usr/local/share/doc/smartmontools-5.1/\fP. For security, the configuration file
should not be writable by anyone but root. The syntax of the file is as
follows:
.IP \(bu 4
There should be one device listed per line, although you may have
lines that are entirely comments or white space.
.IP \(bu 4
Any text following a hash sign \'#\' and up to the end of the line is
taken to be a comment, and ignored.
.IP \(bu 4
Lines may be continued by using a backslash \'\e\' as the last
non-whitespace or non-comment item on a line.
.IP \(bu 4
Note: a line whose first character is a hash sign \'#\' is treated as
a white-space blank line, \fBnot\fP as a non-existent line, and will
\fBend\fP a continuation line.
.PP 0
.fi
Here is an example configuration file.  It\'s for illustrative purposes
only; please don\'t copy it onto your system without reading to the end
of the
.B DIRECTIVES
Section below!

.nf
.B ################################################
.B # This is an example smartd startup config file
.B # /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf for monitoring three
.B # ATA disks, three SCSI disks, six ATA disks
.B # behind two 3ware controllers, three SATA disks
.B # directly connected to the highpoint rocket-
.B # raid controller, two SATA disks connected to
.B # the highpoint rocketraid controller via a pmport
.B # device and one SATA disk.
.B #
.nf
.B # First ATA disk on two different interfaces. On
.B # the second disk, start a long self-test every
.B # Sunday between 3 and 4 am.
.B #
.B \ \ /dev/hda -a -m [e-mail],root@localhost 
.B \ \ /dev/hdc -a -I 194 -I 5 -i 12 -s L/../../7/03
.B #
.nf
.B # SCSI disks.  Send a TEST warning email to admin on
.B # startup.
.B #
.B \ \ /dev/sda
.B \ \ /dev/sdb -m [e-mail] -M test
.B #
.nf
.B # Strange device.  It\'s SCSI. Start a scheduled
.B # long self test between 5 and 6 am Monday/Thursday
.B \ \ /dev/weird -d scsi -s L/../../(1|4)/05
.B #
.nf
.B # An ATA disk may appear as a SCSI device to the
.B # OS. If a SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) layer
.B # is between the OS and the device then this can be
.B # flagged with the '-d sat' option. This situation
.B # may become common with SATA disks in SAS and FC
.B # environments.
.B \ \ /dev/sda -a -d sat
.B #
.nf
.B # Four ATA disks on a 3ware 6/7/8000 controller.
.B # Start short self-tests daily between midnight and 1am,
.B # 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4 am.  Starting with the Linux 2.6
.B # kernel series, /dev/sdX is deprecated in favor of
.B # /dev/tweN.  For example replace /dev/sdc by /dev/twe0
.B # and /dev/sdd by /dev/twe1.
.B \ \ /dev/sdc -d 3ware,0 -a -s S/../.././00
.B \ \ /dev/sdc -d 3ware,1 -a -s S/../.././01
.B \ \ /dev/sdd -d 3ware,2 -a -s S/../.././02
.B \ \ /dev/sdd -d 3ware,3 -a -s S/../.././03
.B #
.nf
.B # Two ATA disks on a 3ware 9000 controller.
.B # Start long self-tests Sundays between  midnight and 
.B # 1am and 2-3 am
.B \ \ /dev/twa0 -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../7/00
.B \ \ /dev/twa0 -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../7/02
.B #
.nf
.B # Three SATA disks on a highpoint rocketraid controller.
.B # Start short self-tests daily between 1-2, 2-3, and
.B # 3-4 am.
.B \ \ /dev/sde -d hpt,1/1 -a -s S/../.././01
.B \ \ /dev/sde -d hpt,1/2 -a -s S/../.././02
.B \ \ /dev/sde -d hpt,1/3 -a -s S/../.././03
.B #
.nf
.B # Two SATA disks connected to a highpoint rocketraid 
.B # via a pmport device.  Start long self-tests Sundays
.B # between midnight and 1am and 2-3 am.
.B \ \ /dev/sde -d hpt,1/4/1 -a -s L/../../7/00
.B \ \ /dev/sde -d hpt,1/4/2 -a -s L/../../7/02
.B #
.nf
.B # The following line enables monitoring of the 
.B # ATA Error Log and the Self-Test Error Log.  
.B # It also tracks changes in both Prefailure
.B # and Usage Attributes, apart from Attributes
.B # 9, 194, and 231, and shows  continued lines:
.B #
.B \ \ /dev/hdd\ -l\ error\ \e
.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -l\ selftest\ \e
.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -t\ \e\ \ \ \ \ \ # Attributes not tracked:
.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -I\ 194\ \e\ \ # temperature
.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -I\ 231\ \e\ \ # also temperature
.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -I 9\ \ \ \ \ \ # power-on hours
.B #
.B ################################################
.fi

.PP 
.SH CONFIGURATION FILE DIRECTIVES
.PP

If the first non-comment entry in the configuration file is the text
string
.B DEVICESCAN
in capital letters, then
\fBsmartd\fP
will ignore any remaining lines in the configuration file, and will
scan for devices.
.B DEVICESCAN
may optionally be followed by Directives that will apply to all
devices that are found in the scan.  Please see below for additional
details.

.sp 2
The following are the Directives that may appear following the device
name or
.B DEVICESCAN
on any line of the
.B /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf
configuration file. Note that
.B these are NOT command-line options for 
\fBsmartd\fP.
The Directives below may appear in any order, following the device
name. 

.B For an ATA device,
if no Directives appear, then the device will be monitored
as if the \'\-a\' Directive (monitor all SMART properties) had been given.

.B If a SCSI disk is listed,
it will be monitored at the maximum implemented level: roughly
equivalent to using the \'\-H \-l selftest\' options for an ATA disk.
So with the exception of \'\-d\', \'\-m\', \'\-l selftest\', \'\-s\', and
\'\-M\', the Directives below are ignored for SCSI disks.  For SCSI
disks, the \'\-m\' Directive sends a warning email if the SMART status
indicates a disk failure or problem, if the SCSI inquiry about disk
status fails, or if new errors appear in the self-test log.

.B If a 3ware controller is used
then the corresponding SCSI (/dev/sd?) or character device (/dev/twe?
or /dev/twa?) must be listed, along with the \'\-d 3ware,N\' Directive
(see below).  The individual ATA disks hosted by the 3ware controller
appear to \fBsmartd\fP as normal ATA devices.  Hence all the ATA
directives can be used for these disks (but see note below).

.TP
.B \-d TYPE
Specifies the type of the device.  This Directive may be used multiple
times for one device, but the arguments \fIata\fP, \fIscsi\fP, \fIsat\fP,
\fImarvell\fP, \fIcciss,N\fP and \fI3ware,N\fP are mutually-exclusive. If more
than one is given then \fBsmartd\fP will use the last one which appears.

If none of these three arguments is given, then \fBsmartd\fP will
first attempt to guess the device type by looking at whether the sixth
character in the device name is an \'s\' or an \'h\'.  This will work for
device names like /dev/hda or /dev/sdb, and corresponds to choosing
\fIata\fP or \fIscsi\fP respectively. If
\fBsmartd\fP
can\'t guess from this sixth character, then it will simply try to
access the device using first ATA and then SCSI ioctl()s.

The valid arguments to this Directive are:

.I ata
\- the device type is ATA.  This prevents
\fBsmartd\fP
from issuing SCSI commands to an ATA device.

.I scsi
\- the device type is SCSI.  This prevents
\fBsmartd\fP
from issuing ATA commands to a SCSI device.