smartd.8.in

硬盘各项性能的测试,如温度容量版本健康度型号

.ig
Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen <[e-mail]>
 
$Id: smartd.8.in,v 1.121 2008/03/04 22:09:47 ballen4705 Exp $

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.
 
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License (for
example COPYING); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 
This code was originally developed as a Senior Thesis by Michael
Cornwell at the Concurrent Systems Laboratory (now part of the Storage
Systems Research Center), Jack Baskin School of Engineering,
University of California, Santa Cruz. http://ssrc.soe.ucsc.edu/
..
.TH SMARTD 8 CURRENT_CVS_DATE CURRENT_CVS_VERSION CURRENT_CVS_DATE
.SH NAME
\fBsmartd\fP \- SMART Disk Monitoring Daemon

.SH SYNOPSIS
.B smartd [options]

.SH FULL PATH
.B /usr/local/sbin/smartd

.SH PACKAGE VERSION
CURRENT_CVS_VERSION released CURRENT_CVS_DATE at CURRENT_CVS_TIME

.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBsmartd\fP is a daemon that monitors the Self-Monitoring, Analysis
and Reporting Technology (SMART) system built into many ATA-3 and
later ATA, IDE and SCSI-3 hard drives. The purpose of SMART is to
monitor the reliability of the hard drive and predict drive failures,
and to carry out different types of drive self-tests.  This version of
\fBsmartd\fP is compatible with ATA/ATAPI-7 and earlier standards (see
\fBREFERENCES\fP below).

\fBsmartd\fP will attempt to enable SMART monitoring on ATA devices
(equivalent to \fBsmartctl -s on\fP) and polls these and SCSI devices
every 30 minutes (configurable), logging SMART errors and changes of
SMART Attributes via the SYSLOG interface.  The default location for
these SYSLOG notifications and warnings is \fB/var/log/messages\fP.
To change this default location, please see the \fB\'-l\'\fP
command-line option described below.

In addition to logging to a file, \fBsmartd\fP can also be configured
to send email warnings if problems are detected.  Depending upon the
type of problem, you may want to run self\-tests on the disk, back up
the disk, replace the disk, or use a manufacturer\'s utility to force
reallocation of bad or unreadable disk sectors.  If disk problems are
detected, please see the \fBsmartctl\fP manual page and the
\fBsmartmontools\fP web page/FAQ for further guidance.

If you send a \fBUSR1\fP signal to \fBsmartd\fP it will immediately
check the status of the disks, and then return to polling the disks
every 30 minutes. See the \fB\'\-i\'\fP option below for additional
details.

\fBsmartd\fP can be configured at start-up using the configuration
file \fB/usr/local/etc/smartd.conf\fP (Windows: \fB./smartd.conf\fP).
If the configuration file is subsequently modified, \fBsmartd\fP
can be told to re-read the configuration file by sending it a
\fBHUP\fP signal, for example with the command:
.fi
\fBkillall -HUP smartd\fP.
.fi
(Windows: See NOTES below.)

On startup, if \fBsmartd\fP finds a syntax error in the configuration
file, it will print an error message and then exit. However if
\fBsmartd\fP is already running, then is told with a \fBHUP\fP signal
to re-read the configuration file, and then find a syntax error in
this file, it will print an error message and then continue, ignoring
the contents of the (faulty) configuration file, as if the \fBHUP\fP
signal had never been received.

When \fBsmartd\fP is running in debug mode, the \fBINT\fP signal
(normally generated from a shell with CONTROL\-C) is treated in the
same way as a \fBHUP\fP signal: it makes \fBsmartd\fP reload its
configuration file. To exit \fBsmartd\fP use CONTROL-\e
(Cygwin: 2x CONTROL\-C, Windows: CONTROL\-Break).

On startup, in the absence of the configuration file
\fB/usr/local/etc/smartd.conf\fP, the \fBsmartd\fP daemon first scans for all
devices that support SMART.  The scanning is done as follows:
.IP \fBLINUX:\fP 9
Examine all entries \fB"/dev/hd[a-t]"\fP for IDE/ATA
devices, and \fB"/dev/sd[a-z]"\fP for SCSI devices.
.IP \fBFREEBSD:\fP 9
Examine all entries \fB"/dev/ad[0-9]+"\fP for IDE/ATA
devices and \fB"/dev/da[0-9]+"\fP for SCSI devices.
.IP \fBNETBSD/OPENBSD:\fP 9
Authoritative list of disk devices is obtained from sysctl 
\'hw.disknames\'.
.IP \fBSOLARIS:\fP 9
Examine all entries \fB"/dev/rdsk/c?t?d?s?"\fP for IDE/ATA and SCSI disk
devices, and entries \fB"/dev/rmt/*"\fP for SCSI tape devices.
.IP \fBDARWIN:\fP 9
The IOService plane is scanned for ATA block storage devices.
.IP \fBWINDOWS\ 9x/ME\fP: 9
Examine all entries \fB"/dev/hd[a-d]"\fP (bitmask
from "\\\\.\\SMARTVSD") for IDE/ATA devices.
Examine all entries \fB"/dev/scsi[0\-9][0\-f]"\fP for SCSI devices 
on ASPI adapter 0\-9, ID 0\-15.
.IP \fBWINDOWS\ NT4/2000/XP/2003/Vista\fP: 9
Examine all entries \fB"/dev/sd[a-j]"\fP ("\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive[0-9]")
for IDE/(S)ATA and SCSI disk devices 

If a 3ware 9000 controller is installed, examine all entries
\fB"/dev/sdX,N"\fP for the first logical drive (\'unit\'
\fB"/dev/sdX"\fP) and all physical disks (\'ports\' \fB",N"\fP)
detected behind this controller. Same for a second controller if present.
.IP \fBCYGWIN\fP: 9
See "WINDOWS NT4/2000/XP/2003/Vista" above.
.IP \fBOS/2,eComStation\fP: 9
Use the form \fB"/dev/hd[a\-z]"\fP for IDE/ATA devices.
.PP
\fBsmartd\fP then monitors
for \fIall\fP possible SMART errors (corresponding to the \fB\'\-a\'\fP
Directive in the configuration file; see \fBCONFIGURATION FILE\fP
below). 

.SH 
OPTIONS
Long options are not supported on all systems.  Use \fB\'smartd
\-h\'\fP to see the available options.
.TP
.B \-c FILE, \-\-configfile=FILE

Read \fBsmartd\fP configuration Directives from FILE, instead of from
the default location \fB/usr/local/etc/smartd.conf\fP (Windows: \fB./smartd.conf\fP).
If FILE does \fBnot\fP exist, then \fBsmartd\fP will print an error
message and exit with nonzero status.  Thus, \'\-c /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf\'
can be used to verify the existence of the default configuration file.

By using \'\-\' for FILE, the configuration is read from standard
input. This is useful for commands like:
.nf
.B echo /dev/hdb \-m user@home \-M test | smartd \-c \- \-q onecheck
.fi
to perform quick and simple checks without a configuration file.

.TP
.B \-d, \-\-debug
Runs \fBsmartd\fP in "debug" mode. In this mode, it displays status
information to STDOUT rather than logging it to SYSLOG and does not
\fBfork(2)\fP into the background and detach from the controlling
terminal.  In this mode, \fBsmartd\fP also prints more verbose
information about what it is doing than when operating in "daemon"
mode. In this mode, the \fBQUIT\fP signal (normally generated from a
terminal with CONTROL\-C) makes \fBsmartd\fP reload its configuration
file.  Please use CONTROL-\e to exit
(Cygwin: 2x CONTROL\-C, Windows: CONTROL\-Break).

Windows only: The "debug" mode can be toggled by the command
\fBsmartd sigusr2\fP. A new console for debug output is opened when
debug mode is enabled.
.TP
.B \-D, \-\-showdirectives
Prints a list (to STDOUT) of all the possible Directives which may
appear in the configuration file /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf, and then exits.
These Directives are also described later in this man page. They may
appear in the configuration file following the device name.
.TP
.B \-h, \-\-help, \-\-usage
Prints usage message to STDOUT and exits.
.TP
.B \-i N, \-\-interval=N
Sets the interval between disk checks to \fIN\fP seconds, where
\fIN\fP is a decimal integer.  The minimum allowed value is ten and
the maximum is the largest positive integer that can be represented on
your system (often 2^31-1).  The default is 1800 seconds.

Note that the superuser can make \fBsmartd\fP check the status of the
disks at any time by sending it the \fBSIGUSR1\fP signal, for example
with the command:
.nf
.B kill -SIGUSR1 <pid>
.fi
where \fB<pid>\fP is the process id number of \fBsmartd\fP.  One may
also use:
.nf
.B killall -USR1 smartd
.fi
for the same purpose.
.fi
(Windows: See NOTES below.)

.TP
.B \-l FACILITY, \-\-logfacility=FACILITY
Uses syslog facility FACILITY to log the messages from \fBsmartd\fP.
Here FACILITY is one of \fIlocal0\fP, \fIlocal1\fP, ..., \fIlocal7\fP,
or \fIdaemon\fP [default].  If this command-line option is not used,
then by default messages from \fBsmartd\fP are logged to the facility
\fIdaemon\fP.

If you would like to have \fBsmartd\fP messages logged somewhere other
than the default \fB/var/log/messages\fP location, this can typically
be accomplished with (for example) the following steps:
.RS 7
.IP \fB[1]\fP 4
Modify the script that starts \fBsmartd\fP to include the \fBsmartd\fP
command-line argument \'\-l local3\'.  This tells \fBsmartd\fP to log its
messages to facility \fBlocal3\fP.
.IP \fB[2]\fP 4
Modify the \fBsyslogd\fP configuration file (typically
\fB/etc/syslog.conf\fP) by adding a line of the form:
.nf
\fBlocal3.* /var/log/smartd.log\fP
.fi
This tells \fBsyslogd\fP to log all the messages from facility \fBlocal3\fP to
the designated file: /var/log/smartd.log.
.IP \fB[3]\fP 4
Tell \fBsyslogd\fP to re-read its configuration file, typically by
sending the \fBsyslogd\fP process a \fBSIGHUP\fP hang-up signal.
.IP \fB[4]\fP 4
Start (or restart) the \fBsmartd\fP daemon.
.RE
.\"  The following two lines are a workaround for a man2html bug.  Please leave them.
.\" They define a non-existent option; useful because man2html can't correctly reset the margins.
.TP
.B \&
For more detailed information, please refer to the man pages for
\fBsyslog.conf\fP, \fBsyslogd\fP, and \fBsyslog\fP.  You may also want
to modify the log rotation configuration files; see the man pages for
\fBlogrotate\fP and examine your system\'s /etc/logrotate.conf file.

Cygwin: Support for \fBsyslogd\fP as described above is available starting with Cygwin 1.5.15.
On older releases or if no local \fBsyslogd\fP is running, the \'\-l\' option has no effect.
In this case, all \fBsyslog\fP messages are written to Windows event log
or to file \fBC:/CYGWIN_SYSLOG.TXT\fP if the event log is not available.

Windows: Some \fBsyslog\fP functionality is implemented
internally in \fBsmartd\fP as follows: If no \'\-l\' option
(or \'\-l daemon\') is specified, messages are written to Windows
event log or to file \fB./smartd.log\fP if event log is not available
(Win9x/ME or access denied). By specifying other values of FACILITY,
log output is redirected as follows:
\'\-l local0\' to file \fB./smartd.log\fP,
\'\-l local1\' to standard output (redirect with \'>\' to any file),
\'\-l local2\' to standard error,
\'\-l local[3-7]\': to file \fB./smartd[1-5].log\fP.

When using the event log, the enclosed utility \fBsyslogevt.exe\fP
should be registered as an event message file to avoid error
messages from the event viewer. Use \'\fBsyslogevt -r smartd\fP\'
to register, \'\fBsyslogevt -u smartd\fP\' to unregister and
\'\fBsyslogevt\fP\' for more help.

.TP
.B \-n, \-\-no\-fork
Do not fork into background; this is useful when executed from modern
init methods like initng, minit or supervise.

On Cygwin, this allows running \fBsmartd\fP as service via cygrunsrv,
see NOTES below.

On Windows, this option is not available, use \'\-\-service\' instead.

.TP
.B \-p NAME, \-\-pidfile=NAME
Writes pidfile \fINAME\fP containing the \fBsmartd\fP Process ID
number (PID).  To avoid symlink attacks make sure the directory to
which pidfile is written is only writable for root.  Without this
option, or if the \-\-debug option is given, no PID file is written on
startup.  If \fBsmartd\fP is killed with a maskable signal then the
pidfile is removed.
.TP
.B \-q WHEN, \-\-quit=WHEN
Specifies when, if ever, \fBsmartd\fP should exit.  The valid
arguments are to this option are:

.I nodev
\- Exit if there are no devices to monitor, or if any errors are found
at startup in the configuration file.  This is the default.

.I errors
\- Exit if there are no devices to monitor, or if any errors are found
in the configuration file /usr/local/etc/smartd.conf at startup or whenever it
is reloaded.

.I nodevstartup
\- Exit if there are no devices to monitor at startup.  But continue
to run if no devices are found whenever the configuration file is
reloaded.

.I never
\- Only exit if a fatal error occurs (no remaining system memory,
invalid command line arguments). In this mode, even if there are no
devices to monitor, or if the configuration file
\fB/usr/local/etc/smartd.conf\fP has errors, \fBsmartd\fP will continue to run,
waiting to load a configuration file listing valid devices.

.I onecheck
\- Start \fBsmartd\fP in debug mode, then register devices, then check
device\'s SMART status once, and then exit with zero exit status if all
of these steps worked correctly.

This last option is intended for \'distribution-writers\' who want to
create automated scripts to determine whether or not to automatically
start up \fBsmartd\fP after installing smartmontools.  After starting
\fBsmartd\fP with this command-line option, the distribution\'s install
scripts should wait a reasonable length of time (say ten seconds).  If
\fBsmartd\fP has not exited with zero status by that time, the script
should send \fBsmartd\fP a SIGTERM or SIGKILL and assume that
\fBsmartd\fP will not operate correctly on the host.  Conversely, if
\fBsmartd\fP exits with zero status, then it is safe to run
\fBsmartd\fP in normal daemon mode. If \fBsmartd\fP is unable to
monitor any devices or encounters other problems then it will return
with non-zero exit status.

.I showtests
\- Start \fBsmartd\fP in debug mode, then register devices, then write
a list of future scheduled self tests to stdout, and then exit with zero
exit status if all of these steps worked correctly.
Device's SMART status is not checked.

This option is intended to test whether the '-s REGEX' directives in
smartd.conf will have the desired effect. The output lists the next test
schedules, limited to 5 tests per type and device. This is followed by a
summary of all tests of each device within the next 90 days.
.TP
.B \-r TYPE, \-\-report=TYPE
Intended primarily to help
.B smartmontools
developers understand the behavior of