smartctl.8.in

硬盘各项性能的测试,如温度容量版本健康度型号

\- Raw Attribute number 193 contains two values. The first is the
number of load cycles.  The second is the number of unload cycles.
The difference between these two values is the number of times that
the drive was unexpectedly powered off (also called an emergency
unload). As a rule of thumb, the mechanical stress created by one
emergency unload is equivalent to that created by one hundred normal
unloads.

.I 194,10xCelsius
\- Raw Attribute number 194 is ten times the disk temperature in
Celsius.  This is used by some Samsung disks (example: model SV1204H
with RK100\-13 firmware).

.I 194,unknown
\- Raw Attribute number 194 is NOT the disk temperature, and its
interpretation is unknown. This is primarily useful for the \-P
(presets) option.

.I 198,offlinescanuncsectorct
\- Raw Attribute number 198 is the Offline Scan UNC Sector Count.

.I 200,writeerrorcount
\- Raw Attribute number 200 is the Write Error Count.

.I 201,detectedtacount
\- Raw Attribute number 201 is the Detected TA Count.

.I 220,temp
\- Raw Attribute number 220 is the disk temperature in Celsius.

Note: a table of hard drive models, listing which Attribute
corresponds to temperature, can be found at:
\fBhttp://www.guzu.net/linux/hddtemp.db\fP

.I N,raw8
\- Print the Raw value of Attribute N as six 8\-bit unsigned base\-10
integers.  This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the Raw
value.  The form \'N,raw8\' prints Raw values for ALL Attributes in this
form.  The form (for example) \'123,raw8\' only prints the Raw value for
Attribute 123 in this form.

.I N,raw16
\- Print the Raw value of Attribute N as three 16\-bit unsigned base\-10
integers.  This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the Raw
value.  The form \'N,raw16\' prints Raw values for ALL Attributes in this
form.  The form (for example) \'123,raw16\' only prints the Raw value for
Attribute 123 in this form.

.I N,raw48
\- Print the Raw value of Attribute N as a 48\-bit unsigned base\-10
integer.  This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the Raw
value.  The form \'N,raw48\' prints Raw values for ALL Attributes in
this form.  The form (for example) \'123,raw48\' only prints the Raw
value for Attribute 123 in this form.

.TP
.B \-F TYPE, \-\-firmwarebug=TYPE
Modifies the behavior of \fBsmartctl\fP to compensate for some known
and understood device firmware or driver bug.  Except \'swapid\',
the arguments to this option are exclusive, so that only the final
option given is used.  The valid values are:

.I none
\- Assume that the device firmware obeys the ATA specifications.  This
is the default, unless the device has presets for \'\-F\' in the
device database (see note below).

.I samsung
\- In some Samsung disks (example: model SV4012H Firmware Version:
RM100\-08) some of the two\- and four\-byte quantities in the SMART data
structures are byte\-swapped (relative to the ATA specification).
Enabling this option tells \fBsmartctl\fP to evaluate these quantities
in byte\-reversed order.  Some signs that your disk needs this option
are (1) no self\-test log printed, even though you have run self\-tests;
(2) very large numbers of ATA errors reported in the ATA error log;
(3) strange and impossible values for the ATA error log timestamps.

.I samsung2
\- In more recent Samsung disks (firmware revisions ending in "\-23")
the number of ATA errors reported is byte swapped.  Enabling this
option tells \fBsmartctl\fP to evaluate this quantity in
byte\-reversed order. An indication that your Samsung disk needs this
option is that the self\-test log is printed correctly, but there are a
very large number of errors in the SMART error log.  This is because
the error count is byte swapped.  Thus a disk with five errors
(0x0005) will appear to have 20480 errors (0x5000).

.I samsung3
\- Some Samsung disks (at least SP2514N with Firmware VF100\-37) report
a self\-test still in progress with 0% remaining when the test was already
completed. Enabling this option modifies the output of the self\-test
execution status (see options \'\-c\' or \'\-a\' above) accordingly.

Note that an explicit \'\-F\' option on the command line will
over\-ride any preset values for \'\-F\' (see the \'\-P\' option
below).

.I swapid
\- Fixes byte swapped ATA identify strings (device name, serial number,
firmware version) returned by some buggy device drivers.

.TP
.B \-P TYPE, \-\-presets=TYPE
Specifies whether \fBsmartctl\fP should use any preset options that
are available for this drive. By default, if the drive is recognized
in the \fBsmartmontools\fP database, then the presets are used.

\fBsmartctl\fP can automatically set appropriate options for known
drives.  For example, the Maxtor 4D080H4 uses Attribute 9 to stores
power\-on time in minutes whereas most drives use that Attribute to
store the power\-on time in hours.  The command\-line option \'\-v
9,minutes\' ensures that \fBsmartctl\fP correctly interprets Attribute
9 in this case, but that option is preset for the Maxtor 4D080H4 and
so need not be specified by the user on the \fBsmartctl\fP command
line.

The argument
.I show
will show any preset options for your drive and the argument
.I showall
will show all known drives in the \fBsmartmontools\fP database, along
with their preset options.  If there are no presets for your drive and
you think there should be (for example, a \-v or \-F option is needed
to get \fBsmartctl\fP to display correct values) then please contact
the \fBsmartmontools\fP developers so that this information can be
added to the \fBsmartmontools\fP database.  Contact information is at the
end of this man page.

The valid arguments to this option are:

.I use
\- if a drive is recognized, then use the stored presets for it.  This
is the default. Note that presets will NOT over\-ride additional
Attribute interpretation (\'\-v N,something\') command\-line options or
explicit \'\-F\' command\-line options..

.I ignore
\- do not use presets.

.I show
\- show if the drive is recognized in the database, and if so, its
presets, then exit.

.I showall
\- list all recognized drives, and the presets that are set for them,
then exit.

The \'\-P showall\' option takes up to two optional arguments to
match a specific drive type and firmware version. The command:
.nf
  smartctl \-P showall
.fi
lists all entries, the command:
.nf
  smartctl \-P showall \'MODEL\'
.fi
lists all entries matching MODEL, and the command:
.nf
  smartctl \-P showall \'MODEL\' \'FIRMWARE\'
.fi
lists all entries for this MODEL and a specific FIRMWARE version.

.TP
.B SMART RUN/ABORT OFFLINE TEST AND SELF\-TEST OPTIONS:
.TP
.B \-t TEST, \-\-test=TEST
Executes TEST immediately.  The \'\-C\' option can be used in
conjunction with this option to run the short or long (and also for
ATA devices, selective or conveyance) self\-tests in captive mode
(known as "foreground mode" for SCSI devices).  Note that only one
test type can be run at a time, so only one test type should be
specified per command line.  Note also that if a computer is shutdown
or power cycled during a self\-test, no harm should result.  The
self\-test will either be aborted or will resume automatically.

The valid arguments to this option are:  

.I offline
\- runs SMART Immediate Offline Test.  This immediately
starts the test described above.  This command can be given during
normal system operation.  The effects of this test are visible only in
that it updates the SMART Attribute values, and if errors are
found they will appear in the SMART error log, visible with the \'\-l error\'
option. [In the case of SCSI devices runs the default self test in
foreground. No entry is placed in the self test log.]

If the \'\-c\' option to \fBsmartctl\fP shows that the device has the
"Suspend Offline collection upon new command" capability then you can
track the progress of the Immediate Offline test using the \'\-c\'
option to \fBsmartctl\fP.  If the \'\-c\' option show that the device
has the "Abort Offline collection upon new command" capability then
most commands will abort the Immediate Offline Test, so you should not
try to track the progress of the test with \'\-c\', as it will abort
the test.

.I short
\- runs SMART Short Self Test (usually under ten minutes).
[Note: in the case of SCSI devices,
this command option runs the "Background short" self\-test.]
This command can be given during normal system operation (unless run in
captive mode \- see the \'\-C\' option below).  This is a
test in a different category than the immediate or automatic offline
tests.  The "Self" tests check the electrical and mechanical
performance as well as the read performance of the disk.  Their
results are reported in the Self Test Error Log, readable with
the \'\-l selftest\' option.  Note that on some disks the progress of the
self\-test can be monitored by watching this log during the self\-test; with other disks
use the \'\-c\' option to monitor progress.

.I long
\- runs SMART Extended Self Test (tens of minutes).
[Note: in the case of SCSI devices,
this command option runs the "Background long" self\-test.]
This is a
longer and more thorough version of the Short Self Test described
above.  Note that this command can be given during normal
system operation (unless run in captive mode \- see the \'\-C\' option below).

.I conveyance
\- [ATA ONLY] runs a SMART Conveyance Self Test (minutes).  This
self\-test routine is intended to identify damage incurred during
transporting of the device. This self\-test routine should take on the
order of minutes to complete.  Note that this command can be given
during normal system operation (unless run in captive mode \- see the
\'\-C\' option below).

.I select,N\-M, select,N+SIZE
\- [ATA ONLY] [EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] runs a SMART
Selective Self Test, to test a \fBrange\fP of disk Logical Block
Addresses (LBAs), rather than the entire disk.  Each range of LBAs
that is checked is called a "span" and is specified by a starting LBA
(N) and an ending LBA (M) with N less than or equal to M. The range
can also be specified as N+SIZE. A span at the end of a disk can
be specified by N\-\fBmax\fP.

For example the commands:
.nf
  smartctl \-t select,10\-20 /dev/hda
  smartctl \-t select,10+11 /dev/hda
.fi
both runs a self test on one span consisting of LBAs ten to twenty
(inclusive). The command:
.nf
  smartctl \-t select,100000000\-max /dev/hda
.fi
run a self test from LBA 100000000 up to the end of the disk.
The \'\-t\' option can be given up to five times, to test
up to five spans.  For example the command:
.nf
  smartctl \-t select,0\-100 \-t select,1000\-2000 /dev/hda
.fi
runs a self test on two spans.  The first span consists of 101 LBAs
and the second span consists of 1001 LBAs.  Note that the spans can
overlap partially or completely, for example:
.nf
  smartctl \-t select,0\-10 \-t select,5\-15 \-t select,10\-20 /dev/hda
.fi
The results of the selective self\-test can be obtained (both during
and after the test) by printing the SMART self\-test log, using the
\'\-l selftest\' option to smartctl.

Selective self tests are particularly useful as disk capacities
increase: an extended self test (smartctl \-t long) can take several
hours.  Selective self\-tests are helpful if (based on SYSLOG error
messages, previous failed self\-tests, or SMART error log entries) you
suspect that a disk is having problems at a particular range of
Logical Block Addresses (LBAs).

Selective self\-tests can be run during normal system operation (unless
done in captive mode \- see the \'\-C\' option below).

[Note: To use this feature on Linux, the kernel must be compiled with
the configuration option CONFIG_IDE_TASKFILE_IO enabled.  Please report
unusual or incorrect behavior to the smartmontools\-support mailing list.]

The following variants of the selective self\-test command use spans based
on the ranges from past tests already stored on the disk:

.I select,redo[+SIZE]
\- [ATA ONLY] [NEW EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] redo the last SMART
Selective Self Test using the same LBA range. The starting LBA is identical
to the LBA used by last test, same for ending LBA unless a new span size
is specified by optional +SIZE argument.

For example the commands:
.nf
  smartctl \-t select,10\-20 /dev/hda
  smartctl \-t select,redo /dev/hda
  smartctl \-t select,redo+20 /dev/hda
.fi
have the same effect as:
.nf
  smartctl \-t select,10\-20 /dev/hda
  smartctl \-t select,10\-20 /dev/hda
  smartctl \-t select,10\-29 /dev/hda
.fi