smartctl.8.in

硬盘各项性能的测试,如温度容量版本健康度型号

Each Attribute has a "Raw" value, printed under the heading
"RAW_VALUE", and a "Normalized" value printed under the heading
"VALUE".  [Note: \fBsmartctl\fP prints these values in base\-10.]  In
the example just given, the "Raw Value" for Attribute 12 would be the
actual number of times that the disk has been power\-cycled, for
example 365 if the disk has been turned on once per day for exactly
one year.  Each vendor uses their own algorithm to convert this "Raw"
value to a "Normalized" value in the range from 1 to 254.  Please keep
in mind that \fBsmartctl\fP only reports the different Attribute
types, values, and thresholds as read from the device.  It does
\fBnot\fP carry out the conversion between "Raw" and "Normalized"
values: this is done by the disk\'s firmware.

The conversion from Raw value to a quantity with physical units is
not specified by the SMART standard. In most cases, the values printed
by \fBsmartctl\fP are sensible.  For example the temperature Attribute
generally has its raw value equal to the temperature in Celsius.
However in some cases vendors use unusual conventions.  For example
the Hitachi disk on my laptop reports its power\-on hours in minutes,
not hours. Some IBM disks track three temperatures rather than one, in
their raw values.  And so on.

Each Attribute also has a Threshold value (whose range is 0 to 255)
which is printed under the heading "THRESH".  If the Normalized value
is \fBless than or equal to\fP the Threshold value, then the Attribute
is said to have failed.  If the Attribute is a pre\-failure Attribute,
then disk failure is imminent.

Each Attribute also has a "Worst" value shown under the heading
"WORST".  This is the smallest (closest to failure) value that the
disk has recorded at any time during its lifetime when SMART was
enabled.  [Note however that some vendors firmware may actually
\fBincrease\fP the "Worst" value for some "rate\-type" Attributes.]

The Attribute table printed out by \fBsmartctl\fP also shows the
"TYPE" of the Attribute. Attributes are one of two possible types:
Pre\-failure or Old age.  Pre\-failure Attributes are ones which, if
less than or equal to their threshold values, indicate pending disk
failure.  Old age, or usage Attributes, are ones which indicate
end\-of\-product life from old\-age or normal aging and wearout, if
the Attribute value is less than or equal to the threshold.  \fBPlease
note\fP: the fact that an Attribute is of type 'Pre\-fail' does
\fBnot\fP mean that your disk is about to fail!  It only has this
meaning if the Attribute\'s current Normalized value is less than or
equal to the threshold value.

If the Attribute\'s current Normalized value is less than or equal to
the threshold value, then the "WHEN_FAILED" column will display
"FAILING_NOW". If not, but the worst recorded value is less than or
equal to the threshold value, then this column will display
"In_the_past".  If the "WHEN_FAILED" column has no entry (indicated by
a dash: \'\-\') then this Attribute is OK now (not failing) and has
also never failed in the past.

The table column labeled "UPDATED" shows if the SMART Attribute values
are updated during both normal operation and off\-line testing, or
only during offline testing.  The former are labeled "Always" and the
latter are labeled "Offline".

So to summarize: the Raw Attribute values are the ones that might have
a real physical interpretation, such as "Temperature Celsius",
"Hours", or "Start\-Stop Cycles".  Each manufacturer converts these,
using their detailed knowledge of the disk\'s operations and failure
modes, to Normalized Attribute values in the range 1\-254.  The
current and worst (lowest measured) of these Normalized Attribute
values are stored on the disk, along with a Threshold value that the
manufacturer has determined will indicate that the disk is going to
fail, or that it has exceeded its design age or aging limit.
\fBsmartctl\fP does \fBnot\fP calculate any of the Attribute values,
thresholds, or types, it merely reports them from the SMART data on
the device.

Note that starting with ATA/ATAPI\-4, revision 4, the meaning of these
Attribute fields has been made entirely vendor\-specific.  However most
ATA/ATAPI\-5 disks seem to respect their meaning, so we have retained
the option of printing the Attribute values.

For SCSI devices the "attributes" are obtained from the temperature
and start\-stop cycle counter log pages. Certain vendor specific
attributes are listed if recognised. The attributes are output in a
relatively free format (compared with ATA disk attributes).
.TP
.B \-l TYPE, \-\-log=TYPE
Prints either the SMART Error Log, the SMART Self\-Test Log, the SMART
Selective Self\-Test Log [ATA only], the Log Directory [ATA only], or
the Background Scan Results Log [SCSI only].
The valid arguments to this option are:

.I error
\- prints only the SMART error log.  SMART disks maintain a log of the
most recent five non\-trivial errors. For each of these errors, the
disk power\-on lifetime at which the error occurred is recorded, as is
the device status (idle, standby, etc) at the time of the error.  For
some common types of errors, the Error Register (ER) and Status
Register (SR) values are decoded and printed as text. The meanings of these
are:
.nf
   \fBABRT\fP:  Command \fBAB\fPo\fBRT\fPed
   \fBAMNF\fP:  \fBA\fPddress \fBM\fPark \fBN\fPot \fBF\fPound
   \fBCCTO\fP:  \fBC\fPommand \fBC\fPompletion \fBT\fPimed \fBO\fPut
   \fBEOM\fP:   \fBE\fPnd \fBO\fPf \fBM\fPedia
   \fBICRC\fP:  \fBI\fPnterface \fBC\fPyclic \fBR\fPedundancy \fBC\fPode (CRC) error
   \fBIDNF\fP:  \fBID\fPentity \fBN\fPot \fBF\fPound
   \fBILI\fP:   (packet command\-set specific)
   \fBMC\fP:    \fBM\fPedia \fBC\fPhanged
   \fBMCR\fP:   \fBM\fPedia \fBC\fPhange \fBR\fPequest
   \fBNM\fP:    \fBN\fPo \fBM\fPedia
   \fBobs\fP:   \fBobs\fPolete
   \fBTK0NF\fP: \fBT\fPrac\fBK 0 N\fPot \fBF\fPound
   \fBUNC\fP:   \fBUNC\fPorrectable Error in Data
   \fBWP\fP:    Media is \fBW\fPrite \fBP\fProtected
.fi
In addition, up to the last five commands that preceded the error are
listed, along with a timestamp measured from the start of the
corresponding power cycle. This is displayed in the form
Dd+HH:MM:SS.msec where D is the number of days, HH is hours, MM is
minutes, SS is seconds and msec is milliseconds.  [Note: this time
stamp wraps after 2^32 milliseconds, or 49 days 17 hours 2 minutes and
47.296 seconds.]  The key ATA disk registers are also recorded in the
log.  The final column of the error log is a text\-string description
of the ATA command defined by the Command Register (CR) and Feature
Register (FR) values.  Commands that are obsolete in the most current
(ATA\-7) spec are listed like this: \fBREAD LONG (w/ retry) [OBS\-4]\fP,
indicating that the command became obsolete with or in the ATA\-4
specification.  Similarly, the notation \fB[RET\-\fP\fIN\fP\fB]\fP is
used to indicate that a command was retired in the ATA\-\fIN\fP
specification.  Some commands are not defined in any version of the
ATA specification but are in common use nonetheless; these are marked
\fB[NS]\fP, meaning non\-standard.

The ATA Specification (ATA\-5 Revision 1c, Section 8.41.6.8.2) says:
\fB"Error log structures shall include UNC errors, IDNF errors for
which the address requested was valid, servo errors, write fault
errors, etc.  Error log data structures shall not include errors
attributed to the receipt of faulty commands such as command codes not
implemented by the device or requests with invalid parameters or
invalid addresses."\fP The definitions of these terms are:
.br
\fBUNC\fP (\fBUNC\fPorrectable): data is uncorrectable.  This refers
to data which has been read from the disk, but for which the Error
Checking and Correction (ECC) codes are inconsistent.  In effect, this
means that the data can not be read.
.br
\fBIDNF\fP (\fBID N\fPot \fBF\fPound): user\-accessible address could
not be found. For READ LOG type commands, \fBIDNF\fP can also indicate
that a device data log structure checksum was incorrect.

If the command that caused the error was a READ or WRITE command, then
the Logical Block Address (LBA) at which the error occurred will be
printed in base 10 and base 16.  The LBA is a linear address, which
counts 512\-byte sectors on the disk, starting from zero.  (Because of
the limitations of the SMART error log, if the LBA is greater than
0xfffffff, then either no error log entry will be made, or the error
log entry will have an incorrect LBA. This may happen for drives with
a capacity greater than 128 GiB or 137 GB.) On Linux systems the
smartmontools web page has instructions about how to convert the LBA
address to the name of the disk file containing the erroneous disk
sector.

Please note that some manufacturers \fBignore\fP the ATA
specifications, and make entries in the error log if the device
receives a command which is not implemented or is not valid.

.I error [SCSI]
\- prints the error counter log pages for reads, write and verifies.
The verify row is only output if it has an element other than zero.

.I selftest
\- prints the SMART self\-test log.  The disk maintains a self\-test log
showing the results of the self tests, which can be run using the
\'\-t\' option described below.  For each of the most recent
twenty\-one self\-tests, the log shows the type of test (short or
extended, off\-line or captive) and the final status of the test.  If
the test did not complete successfully, then the percentage of the
test remaining is shown.  The time at which the test took place,
measured in hours of disk lifetime, is also printed.  If any errors
were detected, the Logical Block Address (LBA) of the first error is
printed in decimal notation. On Linux systems the smartmontools
web page has instructions about how to convert this LBA address to the
name of the disk file containing the erroneous block.

.I selftest [SCSI]
\- the self\-test log for a SCSI device has a slightly different format
than for an ATA device.  For each of the most recent twenty
self\-tests, it shows the type of test and the status (final or in
progress) of the test. SCSI standards use the terms "foreground" and
"background" (rather than ATA\'s corresponding "captive" and
"off\-line") and "short" and "long" (rather than ATA\'s corresponding
"short" and "extended") to describe the type of the test.  The printed
segment number is only relevant when a test fails in the third or
later test segment.  It identifies the test that failed and consists
of either the number of the segment that failed during the test, or
the number of the test that failed and the number of the segment in
which the test was run, using a vendor\-specific method of putting both
numbers into a single byte.  The Logical Block Address (LBA) of the
first error is printed in hexadecimal notation.  On Linux systems the
smartmontools web page has instructions about how to convert this LBA
address to the name of the disk file containing the erroneous block.
If provided, the SCSI Sense Key (SK), Additional Sense Code (ASC) and
Additional Sense Code Qualifier (ASQ) are also printed. The self tests
can be run using the \'\-t\' option described below (using the ATA
test terminology).

.I selective [ATA]
\- Some ATA\-7 disks (example: Maxtor) also maintain a selective
self\-test log.  Please see the \'\-t select\' option below for a
description of selective self\-tests.  The selective self\-test log
shows the start/end Logical Block Addresses (LBA) of each of the five
test spans, and their current test status.  If the span is being
tested or the remainder of the disk is being read\-scanned, the
current 65536\-sector block of LBAs being tested is also displayed.
The selective self\-test log also shows if a read\-scan of the
remainder of the disk will be carried out after the selective
self\-test has completed (see \'\-t afterselect\' option) and the time
delay before restarting this read\-scan if it is interrupted (see
\'\-t pending\' option). This is a new smartmontools feature; please
report unusual or incorrect behavior to the smartmontools\-support
mailing list.

.I directory
\- if the device supports the General Purpose Logging feature set
(ATA\-6 and ATA\-7 only) then this prints the Log Directory (the log at
address 0).  The Log Directory shows what logs are available and their
length in sectors (512 bytes).  The contents of the logs at address 1
[Summary SMART error log] and at address 6 [SMART self\-test log] may
be printed using the previously\-described
.I error
and
.I selftest
arguments to this option. [Please note: this is a new, experimental
feature.  We would like to add support for printing the contents of
extended and comprehensive SMART self\-test and error logs.  If your
disk supports these, and you would like to assist, please contact the
\fBsmartmontools\fP developers.]

.I background [SCSI]
\- the background scan results log outputs information derived from
Background Media Scans (BMS) done after power up and/or periodocally (e.g.
every 24 hours) on recent SCSI disks. If supported, the BMS status
is output first, indicating whether a background scan is currently
underway (and if so a progress percentage), the amount of time the disk
has been powered up and the number of scans already completed. Then there
is a header and a line for each background scan "event". These will
typically be either recovered or unrecoverable errors. That latter group
may need some attention. There is a description of the background scan
mechansim in section 4.18 of SBC\-3 revision 6 (see www.t10.org ).

.I scttemp, scttempsts, scttemphist [ATA]
\- [NEW EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] prints the disk temperature
information provided by the SMART Command Transport (SCT) commands.
The option \'scttempsts\' prints current temperature and temperature
ranges returned by the SCT Status command, \'scttemphist\' prints
temperature limits and the temperature history table returned by
the SCT Data Table command, and \'scttemp\' prints both.
The temperature values are preserved across power cycles.
The default temperature logging interval is 1 minute and can be
configured with the \'\-t scttempint,N[,p]\' option, see below.
The SCT commands are specified in the proposed ATA\-8 Command Set
(ACS), and are already implemented in some recent ATA\-7 disks.

.TP
.B \-v N,OPTION, \-\-vendorattribute=N,OPTION
Sets a vendor\-specific display OPTION for Attribute N.  This option
may be used multiple times. Valid arguments to this option are:

.I help
\- Prints (to STDOUT) a list of all valid arguments to this option,
then exits.

.I 9,minutes
\- Raw Attribute number 9 is power\-on time in minutes.  Its raw value
will be displayed in the form "Xh+Ym".  Here X is hours, and Y is
minutes in the range 0\-59 inclusive.  Y is always printed with two
digits, for example "06" or "31" or "00".

.I 9,seconds
\- Raw Attribute number 9 is power\-on time in seconds.  Its raw value
will be displayed in the form "Xh+Ym+Zs".  Here X is hours, Y is
minutes in the range 0\-59 inclusive, and Z is seconds in the range
0\-59 inclusive.  Y and Z are always printed with two digits, for
example "06" or "31" or "00".

.I 9,halfminutes
\- Raw Attribute number 9 is power\-on time, measured in units of 30
seconds.  This format is used by some Samsung disks.  Its raw value
will be displayed in the form "Xh+Ym".  Here X is hours, and Y is
minutes in the range 0\-59 inclusive.  Y is always printed with two
digits, for example "06" or "31" or "00".

.I 9,temp
\- Raw Attribute number 9 is the disk temperature in Celsius.

.I 192,emergencyretractcyclect
\- Raw Attribute number 192 is the Emergency Retract Cycle Count.

.I 193,loadunload